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Article: Energy harvesting from plants using hybrid microbial fuel cells; potential applications and future exploitation.

Greenman, John / Thorn, Robin / Willey, Neil / Ieropoulos, Ioannis

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 1276176

Abstract: Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) can be fuelled using biomass derived from dead plant material and can operate on plant produced chemicals such as sugars, carbohydrates, polysaccharides and cellulose, as well as being "fed" on a regular diet of primary biomass ...

Abstract	Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) can be fuelled using biomass derived from dead plant material and can operate on plant produced chemicals such as sugars, carbohydrates, polysaccharides and cellulose, as well as being "fed" on a regular diet of primary biomass from plants or algae. An even closer relationship can exist if algae (e.g., prokaryotic microalgae or eukaryotic and unicellular algae) can colonise the open to air cathode chambers of MFCs driving photosynthesis, producing a high redox gradient due to the oxygenic phase of collective algal cells. The hybrid system is symbiotic; the conditions within the cathodic chamber favour the growth of microalgae whilst the increased redox and production of oxygen by the algae, favour a more powerful cathode giving a higher maximum voltage and power to the photo-microbial fuel cell, which can ultimately be harvested for a range of end-user applications. MFCs can utilise a wide range of plant derived materials including detritus, plant composts, rhizodeposits, root exudates, dead or dying macro- or microalgae, via Soil-based Microbial Fuel Cells, Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells, Plant-based microbial fuel cells, floating artificial islands and constructed artificial wetlands. This review provides a perspective on this aspect of the technology as yet another attribute of the benevolent Bioelectrochemical Systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2719493-0
ISSN	2296-4185
ISSN	2296-4185
DOI	10.3389/fbioe.2024.1276176
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Looking to the future of organs-on-chip.

Greenman, John

Future science OA

2017 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) FSO205

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2056-5623
ISSN	2056-5623
DOI	10.4155/fsoa-2017-0040
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Article: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Biopsies Maintained Ex Vivo on a Perfusion Device Show Gene Changes with Time and Clinically Relevant Doses of Irradiation.

Green, Victoria / Baldwin, Lydia / England, James / Marshall, Gayle / Frost, Lucy / Moore, Craig / Greenman, John

Cancers

2023 Volume 15, Issue 18

Abstract: Advancements in 3-Dimensional (3D) culture models for studying disease have increased significantly over the last two decades, but fully understanding how these models represent in vivo still requires further investigation. The current study investigated ...

Abstract	Advancements in 3-Dimensional (3D) culture models for studying disease have increased significantly over the last two decades, but fully understanding how these models represent in vivo still requires further investigation. The current study investigated differences in gene expression between a baseline sample and that maintained on a tissue-on-chip perfusion device for up to 96 h, with and without clinically-relevant doses of irradiation, to allow differentiation of model and treatment effects. Tumour tissue samples from 7 Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) patients were sub-divided and either fixed immediately upon excision or maintained in a tissue-on-chip device for 48 and 96 h, with or without 2 Gray (Gy) or 10 Gy irradiation. Gene expression was measured using an nCounter
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers15184575
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Article: Current understanding of nonsurgical interventions for refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review.

Jones, Heidi / Green, Victoria / England, James / Greenman, John

Future science OA

2021 Volume 7, Issue 7, Page(s) FSO738

Abstract: Thyroid cancer incidence and related mortality is increasing year-on-year, and although treatment for early disease with surgery and radioiodine results in a 98% 5-year survival rate, recurrence and treatment refractory disease is evident in an ... ...

Abstract	Thyroid cancer incidence and related mortality is increasing year-on-year, and although treatment for early disease with surgery and radioiodine results in a 98% 5-year survival rate, recurrence and treatment refractory disease is evident in an unacceptable number of patients. Alternative treatment regimens have therefore been sought in the form of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and oncolytic viruses. The current review aims to consolidate knowledge and highlight the latest clinical trials using secondary therapies in thyroid cancer treatment, focusing on both
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2056-5623
ISSN	2056-5623
DOI	10.2144/fsoa-2021-0041
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Article ; Online: Microbial fuel cell compared to a chemostat.

Greenman, John / Mendis, Buddhi Arjuna / Gajda, Iwona / Ieropoulos, Ioannis A

Chemosphere

2022 Volume 296, Page(s) 133967

Abstract: Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) represent a green and sustainable energy conversion system that integrate bacterial biofilms within an electrochemical two-electrode set-up to produce electricity from organic waste. In this review, we focus on a novel ... ...

Abstract	Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) represent a green and sustainable energy conversion system that integrate bacterial biofilms within an electrochemical two-electrode set-up to produce electricity from organic waste. In this review, we focus on a novel exploratory model, regarding "thin" biofilms forming on highly perfusable (non-diffusible) anodes in small-scale, continuous flow MFCs due to the unique properties of the electroactive biofilm. We discuss how this type of MFC can behave as a chemostat in fulfilling common properties including steady state growth and multiple steady states within the limit of biological physicochemical conditions imposed by the external environment. With continuous steady state growth, there is also continuous metabolic rate and continuous electrical power production, which like the chemostat can be controlled. The model suggests that in addition to controlling growth rate and power output by changing the external resistive load, it will be possible instead to change the flow rate/dilution rate.
MeSH term(s)	Bacteria ; Bioelectric Energy Sources/microbiology ; Biofilms ; Electricity ; Electrodes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133967
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Article: Effect of simple interventions on the performance of a miniature MFC fed with fresh urine.

Tremouli, Asimina / Greenman, John / Ieropoulos, Ioannis

International journal of hydrogen energy

2021 Volume 46, Issue 67, Page(s) 33594–33600

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to enhance the performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) design by making simple interventions. Specifically, terracotta "t" and mullite "m" ceramics are tested as membranes while carbon veil and carbon cloth are used as ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the present study is to enhance the performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) design by making simple interventions. Specifically, terracotta "t" and mullite "m" ceramics are tested as membranes while carbon veil and carbon cloth are used as electrodes. In the case of "m" cylinders different dimensions are examined (m: ID 30 mm x height 11.5 mm; sm: ID 18 mm x height 18 mm). The units operated continuously with urine as the feedstock. The best performing is the sm type (60-100 μW), followed by the t type (40-80 μW) and the m type (20-40 μW). Polarisation experiments indicated that activated carbon on the anode enhances the power output (t: 423 μW, sm: 288 μW). Similarly, the increase of the surface area and the addition of stainless steel mesh on the cathode improves the power performance for the "sm" and the "t" units. Furthermore, it is shown that the design with the smaller internal diameter, performs better and is more stable through time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1484487-4
ISSN	0360-3199
ISSN	0360-3199
DOI	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.07.171
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Article ; Online: The prognostic significance of serum interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in hormonally dependent breast cancer.

Todorović-Raković, Nataša / Milovanović, Jelena / Greenman, John / Radulovic, Marko

Cytokine

2022 Volume 152, Page(s) 155836

Abstract: Background: Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic immunomodulatory cytokine. Because of its contradictory and even dualistic roles in malignancies, its potential as a biomarker remains to be unraveled.: Aim: To evaluate the prognostic significance of ...

Abstract	Background: Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic immunomodulatory cytokine. Because of its contradictory and even dualistic roles in malignancies, its potential as a biomarker remains to be unraveled. Aim: To evaluate the prognostic significance of serum IFN-γ in hormonally treated breast cancer patients. Material and methods: The study included 72 premenopausal breast cancer patients with known clinicopathological characteristics. All patients received adjuvant hormonal therapy based on hormone receptor-positivity. The median follow-up period was 93 months. IFN-γ serum protein levels were determined by quantitative ELISA. Prognostic performance was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Classification of patients into IFN-γ Results: The best prognostic performance was achieved by IFN-γ (AUC = 0.24 and p = 0.01 for distant events, AUC = 0.29 and p = 0.01 for local and distant events combined). Age and IFN-γ were prognostically significant in instances of all types of outcomes and IFN-γ was the independent prognostic parameter (Cox regression). There was a significant difference between IFN-γ values of patients without any events and those with distant metastases (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.007). IFN-γ levels correlated significantly with nodal status and tumor stage (Spearman's rank order, r = -0.283 and r = -0.238, respectively). Distant recurrence incidence was 4% for the IFN-γ Conclusions: Raised serum IFN-γ levels associate independently with favorable disease outcome in hormonally dependent breast cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Prognosis
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1018055-2
ISSN	1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
ISSN (online)	1096-0023
ISSN	1043-4666
DOI	10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155836
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Article ; Online: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -A, -C and VE-cadherin as potential biomarkers in early breast cancer patients.

Milovanović, Jelena / Vujasinović, Tijana / Todorović-Raković, Nataša / Greenman, John / Hranisavljević, Jelena / Radulovic, Marko

Pathology, research and practice

2023 Volume 252, Page(s) 154923

Abstract: Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -A and -C act as multifunctional molecules and growth factors, while VE-cadherin (cadherin 5, CDH5) is the endothelial junction protein.: Aim: To assess the relationship between intratumoral VEGF - ...

Abstract	Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -A and -C act as multifunctional molecules and growth factors, while VE-cadherin (cadherin 5, CDH5) is the endothelial junction protein. Aim: To assess the relationship between intratumoral VEGF -A, -C and CDH5 levels and clinical outcome, in primary, early-stage, breast cancer patients. Patients and methods: The study included 69 node-negative (N0) breast cancer patients, all of whom had not received any prior hormonal or chemotherapeutic systemic therapy that would affect the course of disease. The median follow-up period was 144 months. Intratumoral mRNA levels of VEGF -A, -C and CDH5 were determined by RT-qPCR. Prognostic performance was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, as well as by the multivariable approach based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logit regression. Classification of patients into the low and high subgroups was performed using the outcome-oriented cut-off point categorization approach. Results: Of the measured mRNAs, only CDH5 mRNA (t = -2.17; p = 0.04) and VEGF-C mRNA (t = -2.41; p = 0.03) showed significant differences between values in patient subgroups with distant metastasis and those without recurrences, respectively. These t-test results were in agreement with the Cox regression by which CDH5 mRNA reached the most pronounced hazard ratio (HR=2.07; p = 0.05), followed by VEGF-C mRNA (HR=1.59; p = 0.005). HR values above 1.0 indicate that high levels of either CDH5 or VEGF-C mRNAs associated with a higher risk of poor clinical outcome. Distant recurrence incidence was 26% for the CDH5 Conclusion: Intratumoral VEGF-A levels did not associate with disease outcome in primary, early-stage, breast cancer patients, whilst raised levels of either CDH5 or VEGF-C prognosticated a high risk of distant metastasis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/metabolism ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
Chemical Substances	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; cadherin 5 ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; Antigens, CD ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; RNA, Messenger ; Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391889-0
ISSN	1618-0631 ; 0344-0338
ISSN (online)	1618-0631
ISSN	0344-0338
DOI	10.1016/j.prp.2023.154923
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Article: Microbial fuel cell compared to a chemostat

Greenman, John / Mendis, Buddhi Arjuna / Gajda, Iwona / Ieropoulos, Ioannis A.

Chemosphere. 2022 June, v. 296

2022

Abstract	Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) represent a green and sustainable energy conversion system that integrate bacterial biofilms within an electrochemical two-electrode set-up to produce electricity from organic waste. In this review, we focus on a novel exploratory model, regarding “thin” biofilms forming on highly perfusable (non-diffusible) anodes in small-scale, continuous flow MFCs due to the unique properties of the electroactive biofilm. We discuss how this type of MFC can behave as a chemostat in fulfilling common properties including steady state growth and multiple steady states within the limit of biological physicochemical conditions imposed by the external environment. With continuous steady state growth, there is also continuous metabolic rate and continuous electrical power production, which like the chemostat can be controlled. The model suggests that in addition to controlling growth rate and power output by changing the external resistive load, it will be possible instead to change the flow rate/dilution rate.
Keywords	biofilm ; electric power ; electricity ; electrochemistry ; energy conversion ; metabolism ; microbial fuel cells ; models ; organic wastes ; power generation ; renewable energy sources
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133967
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Microbial Fuel Cell stack performance enhancement through carbon veil anode modification with activated carbon powder.

Gajda, Iwona / Greenman, John / Ieropoulos, Ioannis

Applied energy

2020 Volume 262, Page(s) 114475

Abstract: The chemical energy contained in urine can be efficiently extracted into direct electricity by Microbial Fuel Cell stacks to reach usable power levels for practical implementation and a decentralised power source in remote locations. Herein, a novel type ...

Abstract	The chemical energy contained in urine can be efficiently extracted into direct electricity by Microbial Fuel Cell stacks to reach usable power levels for practical implementation and a decentralised power source in remote locations. Herein, a novel type of the anode electrode was developed using powdered activated carbon (PAC) applied onto the carbon fibre scaffold in the ceramic MFC stack to achieve superior electrochemical performance during 500 days of operation. The stack equipped with modified anodes (MF-CV) produced up to 37.9 mW (21.1 W m
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2000772-3
ISSN	0306-2619
ISSN	0306-2619
DOI	10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114475
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