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  1. Article ; Online: High frequency of type I interferon auto-antibodies in a group of middle-aged HIV-infected patients: A cross-sectional exploratory study.

    Imberti, Luisa / Magro, Paola / Sottini, Alessandra / Quaresima, Virginia / Castelli, Francesco / Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia

    Immunity, inflammation and disease

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 11, Page(s) e1056

    Abstract: Background: Auto-antibodies neutralizing the activity of type I interferons have been recently described in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. They can be present even before the onset of the infection. Since type I interferons exert a dichotomous role in ...

    Abstract Background: Auto-antibodies neutralizing the activity of type I interferons have been recently described in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. They can be present even before the onset of the infection. Since type I interferons exert a dichotomous role in the pathogenesis of acute versus chronic HIV infection and auto-antibodies are often found in untreated and anti-retroviral treated HIV
    Methods: The analysis of auto-antibodies against two types of type I interferons (IFN-α2 and IFN-ω) was performed using the ELISA test in 60 patients chronically infected by HIV who showed concomitant infections caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis or nontuberculosis mycobacterium or with active cytomegalovirus infections. Results were compared with those of 283 SARS-CoV-2 swab positive patients showing mild to severe pneumonia. A chi-square (χ
    Results: A high prevalence of auto-antibodies to type I interferons was found in middle-aged HIV-infected patients with concomitant OIs (11.6% vs. 5.3% in COVID-19 subjects; p < .05). No statistically differences were found for viro/immunological characteristics (CD4 and CD8 cell counts and viral load) between patients with and without type I interferons auto-antibodies.
    Conclusions: This study, which is the first searching auto-antibodies against type I interferons in HIV-infected patients, demonstrated that their prevalence was higher than that expected by the age of these patients. Furthermore, it indicated that these auto-antibodies are nonspecifically increased in critical SARS-CoV-2 infection but can be found also in other infections.
    MeSH term(s) Middle Aged ; Humans ; HIV Infections/complications ; Interferon Type I ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies
    Chemical Substances Interferon Type I ; Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2740382-8
    ISSN 2050-4527 ; 2050-4527
    ISSN (online) 2050-4527
    ISSN 2050-4527
    DOI 10.1002/iid3.1056
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  2. Article ; Online: Reserpine and PCPA reduce heat tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster.

    Bressan, Getulio Nicola / Cardoso, Paola Magro / Reckziegel, Juliane / Fachinetto, Roselei

    Life sciences

    2023  Volume 318, Page(s) 121497

    Abstract: Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism to study molecular mechanisms and the role of the genes and proteins involved in thermal nociception. Monoamines (i.e. dopamine) have been involved in temperature preference behavior in D. melanogaster. ... ...

    Abstract Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism to study molecular mechanisms and the role of the genes and proteins involved in thermal nociception. Monoamines (i.e. dopamine) have been involved in temperature preference behavior in D. melanogaster. Therefore, we investigated whether the monoamines, particularly dopamine and serotonin, participate in the response to thermal nociceptive stimuli in D. melanogaster. Flies were treated with reserpine (an inhibitor of vesicular monoamines transporter, 3-300 μM), 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine (3-I-T, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, 16.28-65.13 mM), and para-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine (PCPA, an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, 20-80 mM); then, the flies were subjected to tests of thermal tolerance and avoidance of noxious heat. Climbing behavior was used as a test to evaluate locomotor activity. Reserpine reduces the thermal tolerance profile of the D. melanogaster, as well as the avoidance of noxious heat and locomotor activity depending on the concentration. PCPA, but not 3-I-T, decreased heat tolerance and avoidance of noxious heat. These data suggest that monoamines, particularly serotonin, are associated with the impaired avoidance of noxious heat which could be related to the reduction of heat tolerance in D. melanogaster.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Reserpine ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Thermotolerance
    Chemical Substances Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X) ; Reserpine (8B1QWR724A) ; Serotonin (333DO1RDJY)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3378-9
    ISSN 1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
    ISSN (online) 1879-0631
    ISSN 0024-3205
    DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121497
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  3. Article: Complicated enterocele: timely resolution with bowel resection via a vaginal approach: case report.

    Abis, Paola / Madeddu, Clelia / Magro Malosso, Giovanni / Sole, Gabriele / Mereu, Alessia / Locci, Giorgia / Macciò, Antonio

    Frontiers in surgery

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1228981

    Abstract: Background: Enterocele is an uncommon, serious condition that requires accurate and early diagnosis to prevent complications such as intestinal obstruction, incarceration, and strangulation, with consequent intestinal ischemia, necrosis, and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Enterocele is an uncommon, serious condition that requires accurate and early diagnosis to prevent complications such as intestinal obstruction, incarceration, and strangulation, with consequent intestinal ischemia, necrosis, and evisceration. We report a rare case of a patient with a voluminous enterocele and initial signs of intestinal ischemia who underwent urgent vaginal surgery.
    Case description: An 80-year-old woman presented with a voluminous mass protruding from the vagina, associated abdominopelvic pain, a 10-day history of bowel sub-occlusion, and numerous episodes of profuse vaginal bleeding. She was diagnosed with an enterocele with early signs of complications. Owing to her advanced clinical condition and comorbidities, we opted for an urgent vaginal procedure. Intestinal loops with initial signs of ischemia were resected via a transvaginal approach, leading to good clinical outcomes. She was discharged on postoperative day 5.
    Conclusions: This rare case highlights a surgical emergency that was managed with transvaginal resection of the intestine. Early identification of the initial signs of complications allowed for this less invasive approach, resulting in reduced morbidity and length of hospital stay.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2773823-1
    ISSN 2296-875X
    ISSN 2296-875X
    DOI 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1228981
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: OSLD nanoDot characterization for carbon radiotherapy dosimetry.

    Taylor, Paige / Hartzell, Shannon / Mirandola, Alfredo / Ciocca, Mario / Magro, Giuseppe / Alvarez, Paola / Peterson, Christine B / Peeler, Christopher R / Koay, Eugene J / Howell, Rebecca M / Kry, Stephen F

    Physics in medicine and biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: This study characterized OSLD nanoDots for use in a therapeutic carbon beam using the IROC framework for remote output verification. Approach: The absorbed dose correction factors for OSLD (fading, linearity, beam quality, angularity, and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study characterized OSLD nanoDots for use in a therapeutic carbon beam using the IROC framework for remote output verification. Approach: The absorbed dose correction factors for OSLD (fading, linearity, beam quality, angularity, and depletion), as defined by AAPM TG 191, were characterized for carbon beams. For the various correction factors, the effect of carbon LET was examined by characterizing in both a low and high LET setting. Main Results: Fading was not statistically different between reference photons and carbon, nor between low and high LET carbon; thus, the standard IROC-defined exponential function could be used to characterize fading. Dose linearity was characterized with a linear fit; while low and high LET carbon linearity was different, these differences were small and could be rolled into the uncertainty budget if using a single linearity correction. A linear fit between beam quality and dose-averaged LET was determined. The OSLD response at various angles of incidence was not statistically different, thus a correction factor need not be applied. There was a difference in depletion between low and high LET carbon irradiations, but this difference was small over the standard five readings. The largest uncertainty associated with the use of OSLDs in carbon was because of the kQ, with an uncertainty of 6.0%. The overall uncertainty budget was 6.3% for standard irradiation conditions. Significance: OSLD nanoDot response was characterized in a therapeutic carbon beam. The uncertainty was larger than for traditional photon applications. These findings enable the use of OSLDs for carbon absorbed dose measurements, but with less accuracy than conventional OSLD audit programs. .
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208857-5
    ISSN 1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
    ISSN (online) 1361-6560
    ISSN 0031-9155
    DOI 10.1088/1361-6560/ad43ac
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Fragmentation of Healthcare Services as a Possible Determinant of the Low Completion for the Tuberculosis Cascade of Prevention among Asylum Seekers: Results from a Prospective Study with Historical Comparison.

    Marchese, Valentina / Zanotti, Paola / Cimaglia, Claudia / Rossi, Benedetta / Formenti, Beatrice / Magro, Paola / Gulletta, Maurizio / Stancanelli, Giovanna / El-Hamad, Issa / Girardi, Enrico / Cirillo, Daniela Maria / Castelli, Francesco / Matteelli, Alberto

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 6

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens11060613
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  6. Article ; Online: The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis?

    Quiros Roldan, Eugenia / Biasiotto, Giorgio / Magro, Paola / Zanella, Isabella

    Pharmacological research

    2020  Volume 158, Page(s) 104904

    Abstract: The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic properties. They have also been proposed for the treatment of ... ...

    Abstract The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic properties. They have also been proposed for the treatment of several viral infections, due to their anti-viral effects in cell cultures and animal models, and, currently, for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) infection that is spreading all over the world. Although in some recent studies a clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of CQ and HCQ in COVID-19 has yet to be proven with randomized controlled studies, many of which are currently ongoing, also considering pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing regimen, therapeutic level and duration of treatment and taking into account patients with different severity degrees of disease. Here we review what is currently known on the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given the role of iron in several human viral infections, we also propose a different insight into a number of CQ and HCQ pharmacological effects, suggesting a potential involvement of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19 clinical course.
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; Chloroquine/pharmacology ; Chloroquine/therapeutic use ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/metabolism ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; Iron/metabolism ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH) ; Chloroquine (886U3H6UFF) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104904
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  7. Article ; Online: Characteristics of the population with mild COVID-19 symptoms eligible for early treatment attended in a single center in Northern Italy

    Paola Magro / M. Degli Antoni / B. Formenti / F. Viola / F. Castelli / S. Amadasi / E. Quiros-Roldan

    Journal of Infection and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 104-

    2023  Volume 106

    Abstract: After more than two years from the first COVID-19 detected case in Brescia, Northern Italy, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral therapy aimed at early treatment of mild COVID-19 in patients at risk of progression and of hospitalization has been approved ... ...

    Abstract After more than two years from the first COVID-19 detected case in Brescia, Northern Italy, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral therapy aimed at early treatment of mild COVID-19 in patients at risk of progression and of hospitalization has been approved in Italy. Here we report the characteristics of the population eligible for the COVID-19 early treatments at our COVID-19 Early Therapy Unit of the Infectious Diseases Department of the ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, with the aim to evaluate the characteristics of the foreign and native groups. Up to March the 31st, 2022, a total of 559 patients were referred to our Unit for COVID-19 early treatment, where 7.6% were foreigners, a group significantly younger than natives (p < 0.05). Particular differences are noticed between the native and the foreign population, where people aged > 65 years old were significantly more frequent among italians (39.7% vs 16.3%, p < 0.01), while primary or acquired immunodeficiencies were more frequent in foreigners (55.8% vs 38.9%, p = 0.03). Substantial differences are noted between native and foreign populations, where 14% and 26% (p < 0.05) respectively have never been vaccinated for COVID-19. Overall, 71% of the referred patients received an early treatment for mild COVID-19, with no differences between the two groups. Overall, on day 28 after treatment, 23 (4%) patients had been hospitalized due to COVID-19 related complications and four died (0,7%), no one was foreigner. In conclusion, while the treatment offered for mild COVID-19 appears to be rather uniform between the native and the foreign populations, some differences, especially in preventive vaccination COVID-19, must be taken into account.
    Keywords Migrant health ; COVID19 ; Access to care ; COVID19 vaccine ; Early COVID19 treatment ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: The cascade of care of HIV after one year of follow-up in a cohort of HIV-positive adult patients in three health settings of Morrumbene in rural Mozambique.

    Magro, Paola / Cerini, Carlo / da Gloria, Aldorada / Tembe, Stelio / Castelli, Francesco / Tomasoni, Lina Rachele

    Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 11, Page(s) 1503–1511

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the state of the retention in care of HIV patients in three health settings in Morrumbene, a rural district of Inhambane Province, Mozambique. We evaluated potential factors associated with early loss to follow-up (LTFU), retention ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the state of the retention in care of HIV patients in three health settings in Morrumbene, a rural district of Inhambane Province, Mozambique. We evaluated potential factors associated with early loss to follow-up (LTFU), retention in care and ART adherence during the first year of follow-up.
    Material and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study. We collected data on patients diagnosed with HIV infection in 2017 in two permanent clinics and one mobile clinic. Demographic, clinical, immunological and therapeutic data were retrieved up to December 31st, 2018. Data on follow-up were collected at 6 and 12 months for medical visits and for ART adherence and analysed for factors associated with LTFU, retention in care and adherence to ART by Stata Version 14 and univariate and stepwise multiple unconditional logistic regression models.
    Results: In 2017, 960 patients were diagnosed with HIV infection. At 6-month follow-up, 49% attended the medical visit and 157 (25%) adhered to ART. After one year, 34% of patients were available for follow-up, and only 72 patients adhered to ART. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with early LTFU were male sex (p = 0.036) and immediate prescription of ART (p = 0.064). Older age (p < 0.001) and being followed in the mobile clinic (p = 0.001) favoured retention in care. Advanced WHO status (p = 0.005) and being pregnant or breastfeeding showed a negative correlation with adherence to treatment (p = 0.068).
    Conclusions: Only one-third of patients were available for follow-up after one year, and only 13% adhered to ART. Young individuals, men and pregnant/breastfeeding women seem to be particularly at risk for LTFU and non-adherence to treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; Continuity of Patient Care ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Middle Aged ; Mozambique/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Population
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1314080-2
    ISSN 1365-3156 ; 1360-2276
    ISSN (online) 1365-3156
    ISSN 1360-2276
    DOI 10.1111/tmi.13671
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  9. Article ; Online: Characteristics of the population with mild COVID-19 symptoms eligible for early treatment attended in a single center in Northern Italy.

    Magro, Paola / Degli Antoni, M / Formenti, B / Viola, F / Castelli, F / Amadasi, S / Quiros-Roldan, E

    Journal of infection and public health

    2022  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 104–106

    Abstract: After more than two years from the first COVID-19 detected case in Brescia, Northern Italy, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral therapy aimed at early treatment of mild COVID-19 in patients at risk of progression and of hospitalization has been approved ... ...

    Abstract After more than two years from the first COVID-19 detected case in Brescia, Northern Italy, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral therapy aimed at early treatment of mild COVID-19 in patients at risk of progression and of hospitalization has been approved in Italy. Here we report the characteristics of the population eligible for the COVID-19 early treatments at our COVID-19 Early Therapy Unit of the Infectious Diseases Department of the ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, with the aim to evaluate the characteristics of the foreign and native groups. Up to March the 31st, 2022, a total of 559 patients were referred to our Unit for COVID-19 early treatment, where 7.6% were foreigners, a group significantly younger than natives (p < 0.05). Particular differences are noticed between the native and the foreign population, where people aged > 65 years old were significantly more frequent among italians (39.7% vs 16.3%, p < 0.01), while primary or acquired immunodeficiencies were more frequent in foreigners (55.8% vs 38.9%, p = 0.03). Substantial differences are noted between native and foreign populations, where 14% and 26% (p < 0.05) respectively have never been vaccinated for COVID-19. Overall, 71% of the referred patients received an early treatment for mild COVID-19, with no differences between the two groups. Overall, on day 28 after treatment, 23 (4%) patients had been hospitalized due to COVID-19 related complications and four died (0,7%), no one was foreigner. In conclusion, while the treatment offered for mild COVID-19 appears to be rather uniform between the native and the foreign populations, some differences, especially in preventive vaccination COVID-19, must be taken into account.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2467587-8
    ISSN 1876-035X ; 1876-0341
    ISSN (online) 1876-035X
    ISSN 1876-0341
    DOI 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.027
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  10. Article: In Vitro Effects of Photon Beam and Carbon Ion Radiotherapy on the Perineural Invasion of Two Cell Lines of Neurotropic Tumours.

    Charalampopoulou, Alexandra / Barcellini, Amelia / Frittitta, Giuseppe Emanuele / Fulgini, Giorgia / Ivaldi, Giovanni Battista / Magro, Giuseppe / Liotta, Marco / Orlandi, Ester / Pullia, Marco Giuseppe / Tabarelli de Fatis, Paola / Facoetti, Angelica

    Life (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 3

    Abstract: Primary mucosal melanoma (PMM) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are two aggressive malignancies, characterized by intrinsic radio-chemoresistance and neurotropism, a histological feature resulting in frequent perineural invasion (PNI), ... ...

    Abstract Primary mucosal melanoma (PMM) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are two aggressive malignancies, characterized by intrinsic radio-chemoresistance and neurotropism, a histological feature resulting in frequent perineural invasion (PNI), supported by neurotrophic factors secreted in the tumour microenvironment (TME), such as neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) could represent an effective option in unresectable PMM and PDAC. Only a few data about the effects of CIRT on PNI in relation to NT-3 are available in the literature, despite the numerous pieces of evidence revealing the peculiar effects of this type of radiation on tumour cell migration. This in vitro study investigated for the first time the response of PMM and PDAC cells to NT-3 and evaluated the effects of conventional photon beam radiotherapy (XRT) and CIRT on cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Our results demonstrated the greater capacity of C-ions to generally decrease cell viability, proliferation, and migration, while the addition of NT-3 after both types of irradiation determined an increase in these features, maintaining a dose-dependent trend and acting more effectively as a chemoattractant than inductor in the case of migration.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662250-6
    ISSN 2075-1729
    ISSN 2075-1729
    DOI 10.3390/life13030794
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