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  1. Article ; Online: Obesity definition, diagnosis, bias, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and telehealth: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022.

    Fitch, Angela K / Bays, Harold E

    Obesity Pillars (Online)

    2022  Volume 1, Page(s) 100004

    Abstract: ... beyond body weight alone (e.g., waist circumference, percent body fat, and android/visceral fat). Obesity ... in both males (i.e., hypogonadism) and females (i.e., polycystic ovary syndrome). Obesity treatment begins ...

    Abstract Background: The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) regarding definition, diagnosis, bias, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and telehealth is intended to provide clinicians an overview of obesity medicine and provide basic organizational tools towards establishing, directing, managing, and maintaining an obesity medical practice.
    Methods: This CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by Obesity Medicine Association leadership.
    Results: OMA has defined obesity as: "A chronic, progressive, relapsing, and treatable multi-factorial, neurobehavioral disease, wherein an increase in body fat promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal fat mass physical forces, resulting in adverse metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences." While body mass index may be sufficiently diagnostic for populations and many patients, accurate diagnosis of adiposity in an individual may require anthropometric assessments beyond body weight alone (e.g., waist circumference, percent body fat, and android/visceral fat). Obesity complications can be categorized as "sick fat disease" (adiposopathy) and/or "fat mass disease." Obesity complications predominantly of fat mass origins include sleep apnea and orthopedic conditions. Obesity complications due to adiposopathic endocrinopathies and/or immunopathies include cardiovascular disease, cancer, elevated blood sugar, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and alterations in sex hormones in both males (i.e., hypogonadism) and females (i.e., polycystic ovary syndrome). Obesity treatment begins with proactive steps to avoid weight bias, including patient-appropriate language, office equipment, and supplies. To help manage obesity and its complications, this CPS provides a practical template for an obesity medicine practice, creation of standard operating procedures, and incorporation of the OMA "ADAPT" method in telehealth (
    Conclusions: The OMA CPS regarding "Obesity Definition, Diagnosis, Bias, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and Telehealth" is one in a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians care for patients with the disease of obesity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-3681
    ISSN (online) 2667-3681
    DOI 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Why does type 2 diabetes mellitus impair weight reduction in patients with obesity? A review.

    Bays, Harold Edward

    Obesity Pillars (Online)

    2023  Volume 7, Page(s) 100076

    Abstract: ... multifactorial, and include energy conservation (i.e., improved glucose control and reduced glucosuria ...

    Abstract Background: A common adiposopathic complication of obesity is type 2 diabetes mellitus. Healthful weight reduction in patients with obesity can improve glucose metabolism and potentially promote remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, weight-reduction in patients with increased adiposity is impaired among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to patients without diabetes mellitus.
    Methods: Data for this review were derived from PubMed and applicable websites.
    Results: Among patients with increased body fat, the mechanisms underlying impaired weight reduction for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus are multifactorial, and include energy conservation (i.e., improved glucose control and reduced glucosuria), hyperinsulinemia (commonly found in many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus), potential use of obesogenic anti-diabetes medications, and contributions from multiple body systems. Other factors include increased age, sex, genetic/epigenetic predisposition, and obesogenic environments.
    Conclusions: Even though type 2 diabetes mellitus impairs weight reduction among patients with increased adiposity, clinically meaningful weight reduction improves glucose metabolism and can sometimes promote diabetes remission. An illustrative approach to mitigate impaired weight reduction due to type 2 diabetes mellitus is choosing anti-diabetes medications that increase insulin sensitivity and promote weight loss and deprioritize use of anti-diabetes medications that increase insulin exposure and promote weight gain.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2667-3681
    ISSN (online) 2667-3681
    DOI 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100076
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Effects of phentermine / topiramate extended-release, phentermine, and placebo on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in adults with overweight or obesity: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind study.

    Bays, Harold E / Hsia, Daniel S / Nguyen, Lan T / Peterson, Craig A / Varghese, Santosh T

    Obesity Pillars (Online)

    2024  Volume 9, Page(s) 100099

    Abstract: ... 96, -2.45 ​mmHg; p ​< ​0.0001). Common (>2 ​% in any treatment group) adverse events (i.e., dry mouth ...

    Abstract Background: A fixed-dose combination of phentermine and extended-release topiramate (PHEN/TPM - approved for weight management) has demonstrated in-clinic reduction of blood pressure (BP). Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) may be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease risk than in-clinic BP.
    Methods: This randomized, multicenter, double-blind study enrolled 565 adults with overweight/obesity. Inclusion criteria included participants willing to wear ABPM device for 24 h. Exclusion criteria included screening blood pressure >140/90 mmHg and antihypertensive medications not stable for 3 months prior to randomization. Participants received placebo (n = 184), phentermine 30 mg; (n = 191), or PHEN 15 mg/TPM 92 mg; (n = 190). 24-hour ABPM was performed at baseline and at week 8. The primary endpoint was mean 24-h systolic BP (SBP) as measured by ABPM, in the per protocol population.
    Results: Participants were mostly female (73.5 ​%) and White (81.6 ​%), with a mean age of 53.4 years; 32.4 ​% had no hypertension diagnosis or treatment, 62.5 ​% had hypertension using 0 to 2 antihypertensive medications, and 5.1 ​% had hypertension using ≥ 3 antihypertensive medications. Baseline mean SBP/diastolic BP (DBP) was 123.9/77.6 ​mmHg. At week 8, mean SBP change was -0.1 ​mmHg (placebo), +1.4 ​mmHg (phentermine 30 ​mg), and -3.3 ​mmHg (PHEN/TPM). Between-group difference for PHEN/TPM versus placebo was -3.2 ​mmHg (95 ​% CI: -5.48, -0.93 ​mmHg; p ​= ​0.0059). The between-group difference for PHEN/TPM versus phentermine 30 ​mg was -4.7 ​mmHg (95 ​% CI: -6.96, -2.45 ​mmHg; p ​< ​0.0001). Common (>2 ​% in any treatment group) adverse events (i.e., dry mouth, constipation, nausea, dizziness, paresthesia, dysgeusia, headache, COVID-19, urinary tract infection, insomnia, and anxiety) were mostly mild or moderate.
    Conclusions: In this randomized, multicenter, double-blind ABPM study, PHEN/ TPM reduced SBP compared to either placebo or phentermine 30 mg (Funding: Vivus LLC; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05215418).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-3681
    ISSN (online) 2667-3681
    DOI 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Cancer and Obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022.

    Lazarus, Ethan / Bays, Harold Edward

    Obesity Pillars (Online)

    2022  Volume 3, Page(s) 100026

    Abstract: Background: This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) provides an overview of cancer and increased body fat.: Methods: The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical ... ...

    Abstract Background: This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) provides an overview of cancer and increased body fat.
    Methods: The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership.
    Results: Topics include the increased risk of cancers among patients with obesity, cancer risk factor population-attributable fractions, genetic and epigenetic links between obesity and cancer, adiposopathic and mechanistic processes accounting for increased cancer risk among patients with obesity, the role of oxidative stress, and obesity-related cancers based upon Mendelian randomization and observational studies. Other topics include nutritional and physical activity principles for patients with obesity who either have cancer or are at risk for cancer, and preventive care as it relates to cancer and obesity.
    Conclusions: Obesity is the second most common preventable cause of cancer and may be the most common preventable cause of cancer among nonsmokers. This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on cancer is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of obesity. Patients with obesity are at greater risk of developing certain types of cancers, and treatment of obesity may influence the risk, onset, progression, and recurrence of cancer in patients with obesity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-3681
    ISSN (online) 2667-3681
    DOI 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: A lipidologist perspective of global lipid guidelines and recommendations, part 2: Lipid treatment goals.

    Bays, Harold E

    Journal of clinical lipidology

    2016  Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 240–264

    Abstract: Having knowledge of worldwide areas of harmonization and consensus regarding lipid guidelines and recommendations may provide clinicians a more global perspective on lipid management. This review examines 8 international scientific/medical organizations ... ...

    Abstract Having knowledge of worldwide areas of harmonization and consensus regarding lipid guidelines and recommendations may provide clinicians a more global perspective on lipid management. This review examines 8 international scientific/medical organizations that have issued lipid guidelines, recommendations, and position papers: the National Lipid Association (2014), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2014), International Atherosclerosis Society (2013), American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2013), Canadian Cardiovascular Society (2013), Japan Atherosclerosis Society (2012), European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (2012), and Adult Treatment Panel III (2001/2004). Part 1 of this perspective focused on sentinel components of these lipid guidelines and recommendations as applied to the role of atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, primary lipid target of therapy, other primary and secondary lipid treatment targets, and assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. This part 2 examines goals of lipid-altering therapy. While lipid guidelines and recommendations may differ regarding ASCVD risk assessment and lipid treatment goals, lipid guidelines and recommendations generally agree on the need to reduce atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with statins being the first-line treatment of choice.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Trials as Topic ; Goals ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Internationality ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Practice Guidelines as Topic
    Chemical Substances Hypolipidemic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2365061-8
    ISSN 1876-4789 ; 1933-2874
    ISSN (online) 1876-4789
    ISSN 1933-2874
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.11.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: A lipidologist perspective of global lipid guidelines and recommendations, part 1: Lipid treatment targets and risk assessment.

    Bays, Harold E

    Journal of clinical lipidology

    2016  Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 228–239

    Abstract: Having knowledge of worldwide lipid guidelines and recommendations may provide clinicians a more global perspective on lipid management. This perspective reviews 8 international scientific and/or medical organizations' lipid guidelines, recommendations, ... ...

    Abstract Having knowledge of worldwide lipid guidelines and recommendations may provide clinicians a more global perspective on lipid management. This perspective reviews 8 international scientific and/or medical organizations' lipid guidelines, recommendations, and position papers: the National Lipid Association (2014), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2014), International Atherosclerosis Society (2013), American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2013), Canadian Cardiovascular Society (2013), Japan Atherosclerosis Society (2012), European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (2012), and Adult Treatment Panel III (2001/2004). Part 1 of this perspective focuses on sentinel components of these lipid guidelines and recommendations as applied to the role of atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, primary lipid target of therapy, other primary and secondary lipid treatment targets, and assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Part 2 examines goals of lipid-altering therapy to reduce ASCVD events. Both parts 1 and 2 include the author's perspective on sentinel topics. In general, some guidelines and recommendations differ with regard to ASCVD risk assessment and lipid treatment goals. However, lipid guidelines and recommendations have significant concordance regarding the need to reduce atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and are in general agreement on the primary lipid treatment targets. Finally, a substantial degree of agreement exists among guidelines and recommendations in their emphasis on the need for aggressive treatment of hypercholesterolemia, for which the predominance of ASCVD outcomes studies suggests statins as the first-line treatment of choice.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Internationality ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Risk Assessment
    Chemical Substances Hypolipidemic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2365061-8
    ISSN 1876-4789 ; 1933-2874
    ISSN (online) 1876-4789
    ISSN 1933-2874
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.10.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Author Correction: The FGF21 analog pegozafermin in severe hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized phase 2 trial.

    Bhatt, Deepak L / Bays, Harold E / Miller, Michael / Cain, James E / Wasilewska, Katarzyna / Andrawis, Nabil S / Parli, Teresa / Feng, Shibao / Sterling, Lulu / Tseng, Leo / Hartsfield, Cynthia L / Agollah, Germaine D / Mansbach, Hank / Kastelein, John J P

    Nature medicine

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 1220066-9
    ISSN 1546-170X ; 1078-8956
    ISSN (online) 1546-170X
    ISSN 1078-8956
    DOI 10.1038/s41591-024-02890-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022" [Obes Pillars 2 (2022) 100018].

    Bays, Harold E / Fitch, Angela / Christensen, Sandra / Burridge, Karli / Tondt, Justin

    Obesity Pillars (Online)

    2022  Volume 4, Page(s) 100035

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100018.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100018.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ISSN 2667-3681
    ISSN (online) 2667-3681
    DOI 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Individualizing Treatment with Statin Therapy.

    Bays, Harold E / Cobble, Michael

    The Journal of family practice

    2018  Volume 67, Issue 8 suppl, Page(s) S43–S48

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anticholesteremic Agents ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197883-4
    ISSN 1533-7294 ; 0094-3509
    ISSN (online) 1533-7294
    ISSN 0094-3509
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Bays, Harold E

    International journal of general medicine

    2014  Volume 7, Page(s) 355–364

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and/or progressive loss of β-cell function. T2DM patients are at increased risk of micro- and macrovascular disease, and are often considered as representing an ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and/or progressive loss of β-cell function. T2DM patients are at increased risk of micro- and macrovascular disease, and are often considered as representing an atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) risk equivalent. Interventions directed at glucose and lipid level control in T2DM patients may reduce micro- and macrovascular disease. The optimal T2DM agent is one that lowers glucose levels with limited risk for hypoglycemia, and with no clinical trial evidence of worsening CHD risk. Lipid-altering drugs should preferably reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apo B) and have evidence that the mechanism of action reduces CHD risk. Statins reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo B and have evidence of improving CHD outcomes, and are thus first-line therapy for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. In patients who do not achieve optimal lipid levels with statin therapy, or who are intolerant to statin therapy, add-on therapy or alternative therapies may be indicated. Additional available agents to treat hypercholesterolemic patients with T2DM include bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, niacin, and ezetimibe. This review discusses the use of these alternative agents to treat hypercholesterolemia in patients with T2DM, either as monotherapy or in combination with statin therapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-05
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2452220-X
    ISSN 1178-7074
    ISSN 1178-7074
    DOI 10.2147/IJGM.S65148
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