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Article ; Online: Modelling the distribution of the Caucasian oak (Quercus macranthera) in Western Asia under future climate change scenarios

Nihal Kenar / Zaal Kikvidze

Botanica Serbica, Vol 47, Iss 2, Pp 215-

2023 Volume 226

Abstract: The Caucasian oak (Quercus macranthera), a native tree of Western Asia, typically grows at high altitudes where the effects of climate change are particularly notable. We analysed the climatic determinants of the current distribution of Q. macranthera ... ...

Abstract	The Caucasian oak (Quercus macranthera), a native tree of Western Asia, typically grows at high altitudes where the effects of climate change are particularly notable. We analysed the climatic determinants of the current distribution of Q. macranthera and assessed the redistribution of areas suitable for this species as a consequence of climate change. We described the current range of distribution and predicted the potential geographical distribution of the Caucasian oak using species distribution models and five algorithms from two Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSPs: SSP 1‒2.6 and 5‒8.5) for the years 2035, 2055, and 2085, which are based on two General Circulation Models (GCMs). The Random Forest algorithm most accurately described the current distribution of Q. macranthera. SSP 1‒2.6 and SSP5‒8.5 predicted a pronounced contraction of the highly suitable habitat for the Caucasian oak due to the increase in temperatures and changes in seasonal precipitation dynamics, that more intensive climate change could lead to a greater loss of highly suitable habitats, and that the populations of Q. macranthera could survive only in the Alborz Mountains (northern Iran) and in the Great Caucasus Mountains. Our work helps to establish conservation strategies for species monitoring in order to minimise the potential impacts of climate change.
Keywords	cmip6 ; global warming ; potentially suitable habitat ; random forest ; species distribution models ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Belgrade
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tocopherol contents and antioxidant activity in grape pomace after fermentation and alcohol distillation.

Goloshvili, Tamar / Akhalkatsi, Maia / Badridze, Gulnara / Kikvidze, Zaal

Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)

2021 Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 112–115

Abstract: The wine industry in Georgia produces vast amounts of grape pomace that is currently mostly wasted, while only a minor amount is used for distilling alcohol. The study was carried out on the grape pomace from the three most widely used grapevine sorts ( ... ...

Abstract	The wine industry in Georgia produces vast amounts of grape pomace that is currently mostly wasted, while only a minor amount is used for distilling alcohol. The study was carried out on the grape pomace from the three most widely used grapevine sorts (Vitis vinifera var. Rkatsiteli, V. vinifera var. Saperavi, V. labrusca var. Isabella) in Georgia, and quantities of tocopherols and antioxidants were evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed by diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and measurement of visible light absorption at 515 nm, and tocopherol was measured by absorption at 470 nm via a spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the grape pomace contains considerable tocopherols and antioxidant activity. However, the antioxidant activity had slightly been decreased. These results suggest that grape pomace can be an economically attractive resource for the pharmaceutical and food industries. Utilization of grape pomace for producing pharmaceutical and cosmetic goods with tocopherol and antioxidants can solve two problems: it can recycle waste and develop new profitable businesses in biotechnology.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/metabolism ; Distillation/methods ; Ethanol/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Food Technology/economics ; Food Technology/methods ; Species Specificity ; Tocopherols/metabolism ; Vitis/classification ; Vitis/metabolism ; Wine
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Tocopherols (R0ZB2556P8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-31
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1161779-2
ISSN	1165-158X ; 0145-5680
ISSN (online)	1165-158X
ISSN	0145-5680
DOI	10.14715/cmb/2021.67.1.17
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Article: Climatic drivers of ecological divergence among the genera of the tribe Stipeae in Turkey

Kenar, Nihal / Kikvidze, Zaal

Flora. 2020 Sept., v. 270

2020

Abstract: The species from the tribe Stipeae Dumort. dominate Eurasian grasslands including Anatolian steppes. In Turkey, the genera of the Stipeae show distinct patterns of regional distribution, leading to a combination of dispersal and adaptive radiation. ... ...

Abstract	The species from the tribe Stipeae Dumort. dominate Eurasian grasslands including Anatolian steppes. In Turkey, the genera of the Stipeae show distinct patterns of regional distribution, leading to a combination of dispersal and adaptive radiation. However, the importance of climatic gradients to regional distribution of these genera of the Stipeae has not yet been examined, and the aim of our study was to address this need. We retrieved data on the presence of three genera of the Stipeae, and morphological traits of its member species in Anatolia from available literature. We also acquired data on bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim database. We used multivariate methods (PCA) and correlation analysis to describe the major climatic gradients within the distribution area of the Stipeae in Anatolia. Links between the major climatic gradients and the divergence of the genera were examined using the method of Spatial Evolutionary and Ecological Vicariance Analysis (SEEVA). Possible relationships between the genera of the Stipeae and climatic and geographic variables were also examined by means of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Our results suggest that elevation and temperature are the key factors for the ecological divergence of the genera in the tribe Stipeae in Turkey.
Keywords	Turkey (country) ; adaptive radiation ; correspondence analysis ; databases ; flora ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-09
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	5580-3
ISSN	0367-2530 ; 0373-6490
ISSN	0367-2530 ; 0373-6490
DOI	10.1016/j.flora.2020.151650
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Jumping the barrier

Zaal Kikvidze / Tamar Jolokhava / Arsen Bakhia / Otar Abdaladze

Botanica Serbica, Vol 44, Iss 2, Pp 219-

does a glacier tongue affect species distribution along the elevation gradient in the subnival and nival belts? A case study on Mt. Kazbegi, Georgia, central Great Caucasus Mountains

2020 Volume 229

Abstract: Glaciers are a prominent feature in high mountains and can affect plant distribution along the gradients. However, the possible effect of glaciers on plant community structure at landscape scale has been little studied. We asked: if a glacier tongue ... ...

Abstract	Glaciers are a prominent feature in high mountains and can affect plant distribution along the gradients. However, the possible effect of glaciers on plant community structure at landscape scale has been little studied. We asked: if a glacier tongue crosses a slope laterally and potentially blocks dispersal and migrations, how can this affect vegetation structure and species composition below and above this barrier? A suitable study system is offered by slopes on Mt. Kazbegi, where we established a transect through the subnival and nival belts. We sampled vegetation below and above the glacier tongue and conducted direct gradient analyses to reveal possible effects of the glacier on patterns of species distribution and vegetation structure such as the ratio of solitary plants in vegetation patches. The obtained results indicate that the glacier tongue in our study does not cause a “vegetation switch” in the usual sense of this phrase. However, it might contribute to an abrupt change in the share of solitary plants, as well as to a very rapid decline of plant abundance and species numbers above the glacier.
Keywords	elevation gradient ; available plant nutrients ; plant diversity ; subnivalnival vegetation patch ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Belgrade
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Distribution of plant species and the rock particle size in subnival habitats of the Central Great Caucasus

Tamar Jolokhava / Otar Abdaladze / Zezva Asanidze / Zaal Kikvidze

Soil & Environment, Vol 39, Iss 2, Pp 194-

2020 Volume 203

Abstract: Subnival habitats of the Central Caucasus represent typical rocky environments with very sparse soil cover and patchy vegetation. We studied how spatial distribution of plant species in a subnival habitat (alpine-nival ecotone) depends on the size of ... ...

Abstract	Subnival habitats of the Central Caucasus represent typical rocky environments with very sparse soil cover and patchy vegetation. We studied how spatial distribution of plant species in a subnival habitat (alpine-nival ecotone) depends on the size of rock particles. We described the distribution patterns of plants and rock particles of various sizes, and examined the possible links between these patterns using correlation analysis and multivariate tests. We found that the largest size class (20-60 cm) was in a strong negative correlation with smaller classes (0.2-0.6 cm, 0.6-2 cm and 2-6 cm), but correlation was insignificant among the largest fragments (6-20 cm) and the soil patches. The CCA included 31 species (frequency >10) and the goodness-of-fit of the obtained ordination was assessed by permutation test. The CCA ordination revealed several species with a clear preference for soils (Carex tristis and Sibbaldia parviflora), while other species preferred mid-sized (20-60 cm) rock particles (Tephroseris karjaginii, Ziziphora puschkinii, Festuca supina, Minuartia inamoena and Saxifraga juniperifolia). Further, Senecio sosnowskyi and Ziziphora subnivalis tended to colonize large (6-20 cm) rock fragments. Overall, our results show a clear differential preference of species for certain sizes of rock particles that conforms well to the patchy pattern of vegetation typical for subnival habitats: many species that prefer a fine grained substratum might clump together at such fine-grained spots and form the patches of associated plants provided there are facilitative interactions among them; the species that prefer coarser-grained substrata might establish as solitary plants outside of the patches.
Keywords	rock particle size ; soil formation ; plant species distribution ; primary succession ; rocky environments ; rock colonising plants ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Soil Science Society of Pakistan (SSSP)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Tourism sustainability in the Bogor Botanical Gardens, Indonesia

Hengky, Sumisto Halim / Kikvidze, Zaal

Urban forestry & urban greening. 2018 Mar., v. 30

2018

Abstract: The Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG) represents one of the most prominent gardens in the largest urbanised area of SE Asia. However, the BBG is poorly visible in academic literature, and research on its role as an urban forest is particularly lacking. This ... ...

Abstract	The Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG) represents one of the most prominent gardens in the largest urbanised area of SE Asia. However, the BBG is poorly visible in academic literature, and research on its role as an urban forest is particularly lacking. This study assesses sustainability of tourism management in the BBG. Stakeholders such as staff members, travel agents, tour guides, etc. were interviewed. The analysis of the responses showed that the respondents rated non-destructive use of resources and improving visitors’ satisfaction as the first and second highest values, respectively. Conversely, the regulatory role of the garden’s law enforcement, management monitoring and participation of stakeholders received the least ratings. Our survey shows that the BBG is implementing certain elements of sustainable tourism, yet there was a lack of discipline and participation in the face of problems generated by rapid urbanisation and growing number of visitors. These findings can be relevant to other botanical gardens in fast-growing conurbations of SE Asia and the developing world. These results also suggest that a deeper study is necessary to better understand and manage the problems related to the increasing number of visitors.
Keywords	botanical gardens ; ecotourism ; law enforcement ; monitoring ; stakeholders ; surveys ; travel ; urban forests ; urbanization ; Indonesia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 8-11.
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ISSN	1618-8667
DOI	10.1016/j.ufug.2018.01.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Loss of traditional knowledge aggravates wolf-human conflict in Georgia (Caucasus) in the wake of socio-economic change.

Kikvidze, Zaal / Tevzadze, Gigi

Ambio

2015 Volume 44, Issue 5, Page(s) 452–457

Abstract: Reports of the damage from wolf attacks have increased considerably over the last decade in Georgia (in the Caucasus). We interviewed locals about this problem in two focal regions: the Lanchkhuti area (in western Georgia) and Kazbegi District (in ... ...

Abstract	Reports of the damage from wolf attacks have increased considerably over the last decade in Georgia (in the Caucasus). We interviewed locals about this problem in two focal regions: the Lanchkhuti area (in western Georgia) and Kazbegi District (in eastern Georgia) where livestock numbers had increased by an order of magnitude owing to dramatic shifts in the local economies over the last decade. This coincided with expanding habitats for wolves (abandoned plantations, for example). We found that the perceived damage from wolves was positively correlated with a poor knowledge of wolf habits and inappropriate livestock husbandry practices. Our results suggest a loss of traditional knowledge contributes strongly to the wolf-human conflicts in Georgia. Restoring traditional, simple but good practices--such as protecting herds using shepherd dogs and introducing bulls into the herds-can help one solve this problem.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animal Husbandry/methods ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; Georgia (Republic) ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Livestock ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predatory Behavior ; Wolves/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120759-3
ISSN	1654-7209 ; 0044-7447
ISSN (online)	1654-7209
ISSN	0044-7447
DOI	10.1007/s13280-014-0580-1
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Article ; Online: Ethno-ecological contexts of the Skhalta Gorge and the Upper Svaneti (Georgia, the Caucasus)

Gigi Tevzadze / Zaal Kikvidze

Journal of Political Ecology, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 246-

2016 Volume 262

Abstract: The applicability and analytical power of political ecology is improved by study of the 'ethno-ecological context', which is based on the concept of socio-ecological systems (SES). It represents an operating principle of interactions between the ... ...

Abstract	The applicability and analytical power of political ecology is improved by study of the 'ethno-ecological context', which is based on the concept of socio-ecological systems (SES). It represents an operating principle of interactions between the ecological and social systems of a specific locality, developing under different historical, political and climatic regimes. We compare two socio-ecological systems in the high mountain regions of Georgia – the Skhalta Gorge and the Upper Svaneti. These are on the southern and northern borders of Georgia. Historically, their socio-ecological systems were similar but today the Skhalta Gorge is rapidly depopulating, whilst in the Upper Svaneti the population is stable. The comparison of the ethno-ecological context and today's state of affairs suggests that (i) "self-regulation" and conserving local culture and traditions, whilst the country undergoes rapid social and political changes, can lead to degradation or even destruction of either the ecological or the social components; (ii) conversely, sustainable development results from active intervention rather than abstaining from it; (iii) tourism appears as a mechanism that restores the ethno-ecological context by providing a source of income - under certain conditions, it supports traditional agriculture. Key words: Political ecology, ethno-ecological context, socio-ecological systems, Georgia, Adjara, Svaneti, Mulakhi community, Skhalta Gorge, sustainability, tourism.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Political science ; J
Subject code	300 ; 910
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Arizona Libraries
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Loss of traditional knowledge aggravates wolfâhuman conflict in Georgia (Caucasus) in the wake of socio-economic change

Kikvidze, Zaal / Gigi Tevzadze

Ambio. 2015 Sept., v. 44, no. 5

2015

Abstract	Reports of the damage from wolf attacks have increased considerably over the last decade in Georgia (in the Caucasus). We interviewed locals about this problem in two focal regions: the Lanchkhuti area (in western Georgia) and Kazbegi District (in eastern Georgia) where livestock numbers had increased by an order of magnitude owing to dramatic shifts in the local economies over the last decade. This coincided with expanding habitats for wolves (abandoned plantations, for example). We found that the perceived damage from wolves was positively correlated with a poor knowledge of wolf habits and inappropriate livestock husbandry practices. Our results suggest a loss of traditional knowledge contributes strongly to the wolfâhuman conflicts in Georgia. Restoring traditional, simple but good practicesâsuch as protecting herds using shepherd dogs and introducing bulls into the herdsâcan help one solve this problem.
Keywords	animal husbandry ; bulls ; correlation ; dogs ; habitats ; herds ; human-wildlife relations ; indigenous knowledge ; plantations ; socioeconomics ; wolves ; Republic of Georgia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-09
Size	p. 452-457.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120759-3
ISSN	1654-7209 ; 0044-7447
ISSN (online)	1654-7209
ISSN	0044-7447
DOI	10.1007/s13280-014-0580-1
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Article ; Online: Unity in diversity-food plants and fungi of Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus.

Bussmann, Rainer W / Paniagua Zambrana, Narel Y / Ur Rahman, Inayat / Kikvidze, Zaal / Sikharulidze, Shalva / Kikodze, David / Tchelidze, David / Khutsishvili, Manana / Batsatsashvili, Ketevan

Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

2021 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 72

Abstract: Background: The Republic of Georgia is part of the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot, and human agricultural plant use dates back at least 6000 years. Over the last years, lots of ethnobotanical research on the area has been published. In this paper, we ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Republic of Georgia is part of the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot, and human agricultural plant use dates back at least 6000 years. Over the last years, lots of ethnobotanical research on the area has been published. In this paper, we analyze the use of food plants in the 80% of Georgia not occupied by Russian forces. We hypothesized that (1) given the long tradition of plant use, and the isolation under Soviet rule, plant use both based on home gardens and wild harvesting would be more pronounced in Georgia than in the wider region, (2) food plant use knowledge would be widely and equally spread in most of Georgia, (3) there would still be incidence of knowledge loss despite wide plant use, especially in climatically favored agricultural regions in Western and Eastern Georgia. Methods: From 2013 to 2019, we interviewed over 380 participants in all regions of Georgia not occupied by Russian forces and recorded over 19,800 mentions of food plants. All interviews were carried out in the participants' homes and gardens by native speakers of Georgian and its dialects (Imeretian, Rachian, Lechkhumian, Tush, Khevsurian, Psavian, Kakhetian), other Kartvelian languages (Megrelian, Svan) and minority languages (Ossetian, Ude, Azeri, Armenian, Greek). Results: The regional division was based primarily on historic provinces of Georgia, which often coincides with the current administrative borders. The total number of taxa, mostly identified to species, including their varieties, was 527. Taxonomically, the difference between two food plant groups-garden versus wild-was strongly pronounced even at family level. The richness of plant families was 65 versus 97 families in garden versus wild plants, respectively, and the difference was highly significant. Other diversity indices also unequivocally pointed to considerably more diverse family composition of wild collected versus garden plants as the differences between all the tested diversity indices appeared to be highly significant. The wide use of leaves for herb pies and lactofermented is of particular interest. Some of the ingredients are toxic in larger quantities, and the participants pointed out that careful preparation was needed. The authors explicitly decided to not give any recipes, given that many of the species are widespread, and compound composition-and with it possible toxic effects-might vary across the distribution range, so that a preparation method that sufficiently reduces toxicity in the Caucasus might not necessary be applicable in other areas. Conclusions: Relationships among the regions in the case of wild food plants show a different and clearer pattern. Adjacent regions cluster together (Kvemo Zemo Racha, and Zemo Imereti; Samegrelo, Guria, Adjara, Lechkhumi and Kvemo and Zemo Svaneti; Meskheti, Javakheti, Kvemo Kartli; Mtianeti, Kakheti, Khevsureti, Tusheti. Like in the case of the garden food plants, species diversity of wild food plants mentioned varied strongly. Climate severity and traditions of the use of wild food plants might play role in this variation. Overall food plant knowledge is widely spread all-across Georgia, and broadly maintained.
MeSH term(s)	Ethnobotany ; Fungi ; Georgia (Republic) ; Humans ; Plants, Edible ; Plants, Medicinal
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1746-4269
ISSN (online)	1746-4269
DOI	10.1186/s13002-021-00490-9
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