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  1. Article ; Online: Dielectric optical waveguide fabricated on a transparent substrate.

    Yuan, Jiaqi / Aoni, Rifat A / Armani, Andrea M

    Optics letters

    2023  Volume 48, Issue 22, Page(s) 5927–5930

    Abstract: Transparent glass substrates are routinely used in the fabrication of metasurfaces, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and holographic devices. While readily compatible with photolithographic patterning methods, when electron beam (E-Beam) ... ...

    Abstract Transparent glass substrates are routinely used in the fabrication of metasurfaces, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and holographic devices. While readily compatible with photolithographic patterning methods, when electron beam (E-Beam) techniques are used, field distortion and stitching errors can result due to the buildup of charge. A common approach to overcome this issue is to deposit a thin conductive polymer layer (E-Spacer). However, if high-voltage E-Beam is used to achieve nano-features, the polymer conductivity is not sufficient. We have shown that by using chromium (Cr) as an overcoating conductive layer on the resist, we can achieve accurate and seamless patterning in multiple writing fields and used the method to fabricate on-chip Si
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4794
    ISSN (online) 1539-4794
    DOI 10.1364/OL.504728
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  2. Article ; Online: Detecting Disruption of HER2 Membrane Protein Organization in Cell Membranes with Nanoscale Precision.

    Moradi, Yasaman / Lee, Jerry S H / Armani, Andrea M

    ACS sensors

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 52–61

    Abstract: The spatiotemporal organization of proteins within the cell membrane can affect numerous biological functions, including cell signaling, communication, and transportation. Deviations from normal spatial arrangements have been observed in various diseases, ...

    Abstract The spatiotemporal organization of proteins within the cell membrane can affect numerous biological functions, including cell signaling, communication, and transportation. Deviations from normal spatial arrangements have been observed in various diseases, and a better understanding of this process is a key stepping stone to advancing development of clinical interventions. However, given the nanometer length scales involved, detecting these subtle changes has primarily relied on complex super-resolution and single-molecule imaging methods. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative fluorescent imaging strategy for detecting protein organization based on a material that exhibits a unique photophysical behavior known as aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Organic AIE molecules have an increase in emission signal when they are in close proximity, and the molecular motion is restricted. This property simultaneously addresses the high background noise and low detection signal that limit conventional widefield fluorescent imaging. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, the fluorescent molecule sensor is conjugated to a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific antibody and used to investigate the spatiotemporal behavior of HER2 clustering in the membrane of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Notably, the disruption of HER2 clusters in response to an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody therapeutic (Trastuzumab) is successfully detected using a simple widefield fluorescent microscope. While the sensor demonstrated here is optimized for sensing HER2 clustering, it is an easily adaptable platform. Moreover, given the compatibility with widefield imaging, the system has the potential to be used with high-throughput imaging techniques, accelerating investigations into membrane protein spatiotemporal organization.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Membrane Proteins ; Trastuzumab/pharmacology ; Trastuzumab/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Membrane Proteins ; Trastuzumab (P188ANX8CK) ; Antibodies, Monoclonal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2379-3694
    ISSN (online) 2379-3694
    DOI 10.1021/acssensors.3c01437
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  3. Article ; Online: Nondestructive, quantitative viability analysis of 3D tissue cultures using machine learning image segmentation.

    Trettner, Kylie J / Hsieh, Jeremy / Xiao, Weikun / Lee, Jerry S H / Armani, Andrea M

    APL bioengineering

    2024  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 16121

    Abstract: Ascertaining the collective viability of cells in different cell culture conditions has typically relied on averaging colorimetric indicators and is often reported out in simple binary readouts. Recent research has combined viability assessment ... ...

    Abstract Ascertaining the collective viability of cells in different cell culture conditions has typically relied on averaging colorimetric indicators and is often reported out in simple binary readouts. Recent research has combined viability assessment techniques with image-based deep-learning models to automate the characterization of cellular properties. However, further development of viability measurements to assess the continuity of possible cellular states and responses to perturbation across cell culture conditions is needed. In this work, we demonstrate an image processing algorithm for quantifying features associated with cellular viability in 3D cultures without the need for assay-based indicators. We show that our algorithm performs similarly to a pair of human experts in whole-well images over a range of days and culture matrix compositions. To demonstrate potential utility, we perform a longitudinal study investigating the impact of a known therapeutic on pancreatic cancer spheroids. Using images taken with a high content imaging system, the algorithm successfully tracks viability at the individual spheroid and whole-well level. The method we propose reduces analysis time by 97% in comparison with the experts. Because the method is independent of the microscope or imaging system used, this approach lays the foundation for accelerating progress in and for improving the robustness and reproducibility of 3D culture analysis across biological and clinical research.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2473-2877
    ISSN (online) 2473-2877
    DOI 10.1063/5.0189222
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  4. Article ; Online: Very low-calorie ketogenic diet: A valuable and fashionable nutritional therapy. When could it become dangerous?

    Gorini, Stefania / Armani, Andrea / Caprio, Massimiliano

    Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews

    2023  Volume 39, Issue 8, Page(s) e3698

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diet, Ketogenic/adverse effects ; Obesity ; Weight Loss ; Nutrition Therapy ; Caloric Restriction/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1470192-3
    ISSN 1520-7560 ; 1520-7552
    ISSN (online) 1520-7560
    ISSN 1520-7552
    DOI 10.1002/dmrr.3698
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  5. Article ; Online: Non-planar graphene directly synthesized on intracavity optical microresonators for GHz repetition rate mode-locked lasers

    Oleksiy Kovalchuk / Sungjae Lee / Hyowon Moon / Andrea M. Armani / Yong-Won Song

    npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2024  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Generation of high-speed laser pulses is essential for sustaining today’s global, hyper-connected society. One approach for achieving high spectral and temporal purity is to combine optical nonlinear materials with spectral filtering devices. In ...

    Abstract Abstract Generation of high-speed laser pulses is essential for sustaining today’s global, hyper-connected society. One approach for achieving high spectral and temporal purity is to combine optical nonlinear materials with spectral filtering devices. In this work, a graphene-coated microresonator integrates a nonlinear material and a spectral filtering platform into a single device, creating a tunable GHz repetition rate mode-locked fiber laser. The graphene is directly synthesized on the non-planar surface of microresonator, resulting in a uniform, conformal coating with minimal optical loss in the device. The whispering gallery modes of the resonator filter the propagating modes, and the remaining modes from the interaction with graphene lock their relative phases to form short pulses at an elevated repetition rate relying on inter-modal spectral distance. Additionally, by leveraging the photo-thermal effect, all-optical tuning of the repetition rate is demonstrated. With optimized device parameters, repetition rates of 150 GHz and tuning of 6.1 GHz are achieved.
    Keywords Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ; TA401-492 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 535
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Online: Detection and visualization of HER2 clustering using an Aggregation Induced Emission based fluorescent probe molecule

    Moradi, Yasaman / Lee, Jerry SH / Armani, Andrea M.

    2023  

    Abstract: The spatio-temporal organization of proteins within the cell membrane can govern various cellular functions, ultimately playing a role in disease progression. One interesting example is the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a member of the ...

    Abstract The spatio-temporal organization of proteins within the cell membrane can govern various cellular functions, ultimately playing a role in disease progression. One interesting example is the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. HER2 is known to be over-expressed in certain cancer types. In some sub-types of breast cancer, it is known that overexpressed HER2s are non-homogenously distributed on the cell membrane surface, forming HER2 clusters that consist of HER2s in close proximity to each other. One therapeutic strategy is to disrupt this clustering behavior. However, given the nanometer lengthscales involved, detecting these subtle changes has proven challenging. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a new fluorophore for imaging HER2 clustering behaviour based on the organic molecule Tetraphenylethylene (TPE). This molecule undergoes aggregation induced emission (AIE), a unique photophysical behaviour that results in an increase in fluorescent signal when the molecular motion of the TPE-containing molecule is restricted. By conjugating the fluorophore to a HER2 specific antibody, HER2 clustering disruption in HER2 over-expressing breast cancer cells in response to the introduction of an FDA-approved therapeutic is detected. While this antibody-conjugated fluorophore system is optimized for the detection of HER2, the imaging agent forms a modular platform that is adaptable by changing the targeting moeity. This imaging system will find applications in a wide range of membrane protein spatio-temporal investigations.
    Keywords Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  7. Article: Effects of Functional and Nutraceutical Foods in the Context of the Mediterranean Diet in Patients Diagnosed with Breast Cancer.

    Flore, Giovanna / Deledda, Andrea / Lombardo, Mauro / Armani, Andrea / Velluzzi, Fernanda

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 10

    Abstract: Several studies report that breast cancer survivors (BCS) tend to have a poor diet, as fruit, vegetable, and legume consumption is often reduced, resulting in a decreased intake of nutraceuticals. Moreover, weight gain has been commonly described among ... ...

    Abstract Several studies report that breast cancer survivors (BCS) tend to have a poor diet, as fruit, vegetable, and legume consumption is often reduced, resulting in a decreased intake of nutraceuticals. Moreover, weight gain has been commonly described among BCS during treatment, increasing recurrence rate and mortality. Improving lifestyle and nutrition after the diagnosis of BC may have important benefits on patients' general health and on specific clinical outcomes. The Mediterranean diet (MD), known for its multiple beneficial effects on health, can be considered a nutritional pool comprising several nutraceuticals: bioactive compounds and foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Recent scientific advances have led to the identification of nutraceuticals that could amplify the benefits of the MD and favorably influence gene expression in these patients. Nutraceuticals could have beneficial effects in the postdiagnostic phase of BC, including helping to mitigate the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Moreover, the MD could be a valid and easy-to-follow option for managing excess weight. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the recent scientific literature on the possible beneficial effects of consuming functional and nutraceutical foods in the framework of MD in BCS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox12101845
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  8. Article ; Online: Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate.

    Lombardo, Mauro / Feraco, Alessandra / Camajani, Elisabetta / Caprio, Massimiliano / Armani, Andrea

    Nutrients

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 8

    Abstract: A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that ... ...

    Abstract A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that low RW intake may have positive effects on CVD risk. This review evaluated randomised controlled trials (RCTs), examining the recent literature on the correlations between acute and chronic RW consumption and health. All RCTs published in English on PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 28 February 2023 were evaluated. Ninety-one RCTs were included in this review, seven of which had a duration of more than six months. We assessed the effect of RW on: (1) antioxidant status, (2) cardiovascular function, (3) coagulation pathway and platelet function, (4) endothelial function and arterial stiffness, (5) hypertension, (6) immune function and inflammation status, (7) lipid profile and homocysteine levels, (8) body composition, type 2 diabetes and glucose metabolism, and (9) gut microbiota and the gastrointestinal tract. RW consumption mostly results in improvements in antioxidant status, thrombosis and inflammation markers, lipid profile, and gut microbiota, with conflicting results on hypertension and cardiac function. Notably, beneficial effects were observed on oxidative stress, inflammation, and nephropathy markers, with a modest decrease in CVD risk in five out of seven studies that evaluated the effect of RW consumption. These studies were conducted mainly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and had a duration between six months and two years. Additional long-term RCTs are needed to confirm these benefits, and assess the potential risks associated with RW consumption.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Hypertension ; Inflammation ; Lipids ; Wine/adverse effects ; Wine/analysis ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu15081921
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  9. Article ; Online: Raman-Kerr frequency combs in Zr-doped silica hybrid microresonators.

    Choi, Hyungwoo / Armani, Andrea M

    Optics letters

    2018  Volume 43, Issue 12, Page(s) 2949–2952

    Abstract: Resonant cavity-enhanced Kerr frequency combs have been demonstrated using a range of cavity materials. Regardless of cavity type, one fundamental challenge is achieving low or flat dispersion while maintaining high-efficiency four-wave mixing (FWM). ... ...

    Abstract Resonant cavity-enhanced Kerr frequency combs have been demonstrated using a range of cavity materials. Regardless of cavity type, one fundamental challenge is achieving low or flat dispersion while maintaining high-efficiency four-wave mixing (FWM). Here we demonstrate a Raman-Kerr frequency comb using a Zr-doped silica hybrid toroidal microcavity. The Zr-doped layer both flattens the dispersion and increases the stimulated Raman scattering efficiency. This enhancement enables the generation of FWM around both the Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering emissions. As a result, the Raman-Kerr frequency comb spans more than 300 nm in the near-IR region with less than 5.2 mW of input power.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4794
    ISSN (online) 1539-4794
    DOI 10.1364/OL.43.002949
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  10. Article: Lightweight UV-C disinfection system.

    She, Rosemary C / Chen, Dongyu / Pak, Pil / Armani, Deniz K / Schubert, Andreas / Armani, Andrea M

    Biomedical optics express

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 4326–4332

    Abstract: UV-C exposure is an effective disinfectant for a range of bacteria and viruses. As such, UV-C treatment, in combination with a chemical wipe, is a common cleaning protocol in medical facilities. Given the increase in severe bacterial and viral agents in ... ...

    Abstract UV-C exposure is an effective disinfectant for a range of bacteria and viruses. As such, UV-C treatment, in combination with a chemical wipe, is a common cleaning protocol in medical facilities. Given the increase in severe bacterial and viral agents in society, having access to environmentally friendly disinfectant methods is of increasing interest. In response, we designed, constructed, and validated a UV-C disinfection system from readily accessible components. To improve the UV-C intensity, the enclosure interior was coated with chrome paint. The system is validated using
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2572216-5
    ISSN 2156-7085
    ISSN 2156-7085
    DOI 10.1364/BOE.395659
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