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Article ; Online: Editorial: MAIT cells come of age.

Corbett, Alexandra J / Ussher, James E / Hinks, Timothy S C

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1281881

MeSH term(s)	Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281881
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Article ; Online: The Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern.

Torbati, Elham / Krause, Kurt L / Ussher, James E

Viruses

2021 Volume 13, Issue 10

Abstract: At the end of 2019 a newly emerged betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of an outbreak of severe pneumonia, subsequently termed COVID-19, in a number of patients in Wuhan, China. ... ...

Abstract	At the end of 2019 a newly emerged betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of an outbreak of severe pneumonia, subsequently termed COVID-19, in a number of patients in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread globally, resulting in a pandemic that has to date infected over 200 million individuals and resulted in more than 4.3 million deaths. While SARS-CoV-2 results in severe disease in 13.8%, with increasing frequency of severe disease with age, over 80% of infections are asymptomatic or mild. The immune response is an important determinant of outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. While B cell and T cell responses are associated with control of infection and protection against subsequent challenge with SARS-CoV-2, failure to control viral replication and the resulting hyperinflammation are associated with severe COVID-19. Towards the end of 2020, several variants of concern emerged that demonstrate increased transmissibility and/or evasion of immune responses from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article reviews what is known about the humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and how mutation and structural/functional changes in the emerging variants of concern impact upon the immune protection from prior infection or vaccination.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity/immunology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13101911
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Article ; Online: The persistence of neutralising antibodies up to 11 months after SARS CoV-2 infection in the southern region of New Zealand.

McGregor, Reuben / Craigie, Alyson / Jack, Susan / Upton, Arlo / Moreland, Nicole J / Ussher, James E

The New Zealand medical journal

2022 Volume 135, Issue 1550, Page(s) 162–166

MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-25
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	390590-1
ISSN	1175-8716 ; 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
ISSN	0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
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Article ; Online: Biological functions of MAIT cells in tissues.

Klenerman, Paul / Hinks, Timothy S C / Ussher, James E

Molecular immunology

2020 Volume 130, Page(s) 154–158

Abstract: Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have a recognised innate-like capacity for antibacterial host defence, consequent on the specificity of their T cell receptor (TCR) for small molecule metabolites produced by a range of prokaryotic and fungal ... ...

Abstract	Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have a recognised innate-like capacity for antibacterial host defence, consequent on the specificity of their T cell receptor (TCR) for small molecule metabolites produced by a range of prokaryotic and fungal species, their effector memory phenotype, and their expression of cytotoxic molecules. However, recent studies have identified at least two other important functions of MAIT cells in antiviral immunity and in tissue homeostasis and repair. Each are related to distinct transcriptional programmes, which are activated differentially according to the specific immune context. Here we discuss these diverse functions, we review the evidence for the newly identified role of MAIT cells in promoting tissue repair, and we discuss emerging data pointing to the future directions of MAIT cell research including roles in cancer, in antiviral immunity and recent studies in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall these studies have made us aware of the potential for pleiotropic roles of MAIT cells and related cell populations in micee and humans, and have created a simple and attractive new paradigm for regulation in barrier tissues, where antigen and tissue damage are sensed, integrated and interpreted.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Infections/immunology ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/cytology ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/immunology ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/metabolism ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Virus Diseases/immunology
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	424427-8
ISSN	1872-9142 ; 0161-5890
ISSN (online)	1872-9142
ISSN	0161-5890
DOI	10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.017
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Zs.A 166: Show issues

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Article: Antimicrobial Resistance in New Zealand-A One Health Perspective.

Pattis, Isabelle / Weaver, Louise / Burgess, Sara / Ussher, James E / Dyet, Kristin

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 6

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global threat that affects human, animal and, often less acknowledged, environmental health. This complex issue requires a multisectoral One Health approach to address the interconnectedness of humans, ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global threat that affects human, animal and, often less acknowledged, environmental health. This complex issue requires a multisectoral One Health approach to address the interconnectedness of humans, animals and the natural environment. The prevalence of AMR in these reservoirs varies widely among countries and thus often requires a country-specific approach. In New Zealand (NZ), AMR and antimicrobial usage in humans are relatively well-monitored and -understood, with high human use of antimicrobials and the frequency of resistant pathogens increasing in hospitals and the community. In contrast, on average, NZ is a low user of antimicrobials in animal husbandry systems with low rates of AMR in food-producing animals. AMR in New Zealand's environment is little understood, and the role of the natural environment in AMR transmission is unclear. Here, we aimed to provide a summary of the current knowledge on AMR in NZ, addressing all three components of the One Health triad with a particular focus on environmental AMR. We aimed to identify knowledge gaps to help develop research strategies, especially towards mitigating AMR in the environment, the often-neglected part of the One Health triad.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics11060778
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Article ; Online: Development of real-time RT-PCR assays to detect measles virus on the Hologic Panther Fusion® System.

Grant, Jenny / Atapattu, Nadika / Dilcher, Meik / Tan, Chor Ee / Elvy, Juliet / Ussher, James E

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

2022 Volume 159, Page(s) 105355

Abstract: Background: In 2019, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) experienced its worst measles outbreak since 1997. Due to declining childhood vaccination rates since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, NZ is at serious risk of another major measles outbreak. Our ... ...

Abstract	Background: In 2019, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) experienced its worst measles outbreak since 1997. Due to declining childhood vaccination rates since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, NZ is at serious risk of another major measles outbreak. Our laboratory provides diagnostic services to NZ's Southern region. In 2019 the Southern region experienced the greatest number of cases outside of Auckland and Northland, however we did not have a validated measles PCR assay in our laboratory. Objectives: We sought to develop reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for measles on the Hologic Panther Fusion® System by utilising its open access function. Study design: Previously published real-time RT-PCR assays were modified and optimised to detect wild-type measles virus (LDT-Mea), and the vaccine strain of measles virus (LDT-MeaVacA), on the Hologic Panther Fusion® System. The assays were clinically validated. Results: The LDT-Mea assay has a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.1 CCID Conclusion: We have successfully adapted and validated for diagnostic use on the Hologic Panther Fusion® System previously published assays to detect wild-type and vaccine strains of the measles virus. The implementation of measles testing on this system will greatly improve the turn-around time for measles testing, and better support the measles public health response, for our region.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Measles virus/genetics ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Measles/diagnosis ; Measles/epidemiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; COVID-19 Testing
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1446080-4
ISSN	1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
ISSN (online)	1873-5967
ISSN	1386-6532
DOI	10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105355
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Zs.A 3790: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Disseminated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae with Secondary Prosthetic Hip Joint Infection: A Case of Successful Identification and Management in a Regional Hospital.

McCall, Matthew / Arnold, Brendan / Ussher, James / Sandiford, N Amir

JBJS case connector

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: ... with fevers and unilateral hip pain. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) was isolated on hip ... aspirate and blood cultures. E. rhusiopathiae is a well-recognized zoonotic infection in humans ... of prosthetic joint infection secondary to E. rhusiopathiae, particularly microbiological identification ...

Abstract	Case: This article reports a case of a 72-year-old man with bilateral total hip joint replacements who suffered cuts to his hands while butchering a wild boar. He presented to the emergency department with fevers and unilateral hip pain. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) was isolated on hip aspirate and blood cultures. E. rhusiopathiae is a well-recognized zoonotic infection in humans, particularly in at-risk hosts, most commonly infecting swine. Infection is spread by ingestion or through skin abrasion. Conclusion: This illustrates an example of successful operative and perioperative management of prosthetic joint infection secondary to E. rhusiopathiae, particularly microbiological identification, within a multispecialty team of physicians and surgeons.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Animals ; Swine ; Aged ; Erysipelothrix ; Erysipelothrix Infections/microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Hip Joint/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	2160-3251
ISSN (online)	2160-3251
DOI	10.2106/JBJS.CC.23.00301
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Article ; Online: Expression and trafficking of MR1.

Lamichhane, Rajesh / Ussher, James E

Immunology

2017 Volume 151, Issue 3, Page(s) 270–279

Abstract: MHC class I-related gene protein (MR1) is a non-polymorphic MHC class IB antigen-presenting molecule that is the restricting molecule for mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a prominent population of innate-like antibacterial T cells. The MAIT ... ...

Abstract	MHC class I-related gene protein (MR1) is a non-polymorphic MHC class IB antigen-presenting molecule that is the restricting molecule for mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a prominent population of innate-like antibacterial T cells. The MAIT cell-MR1 axis represents a new paradigm in antigen presentation, with the MR1 ligand derived from vitamin B compounds or their metabolic precursors. Many bacteria and some fungi produce the activating ligand for MR1. In evolution, MR1 is highly conserved in most, but not all, mammals. In humans and rodents it is expressed in a broad range of cell types, both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic, although cell surface expression has been difficult to detect. Although MR1 trafficking shares features with both the MHC class I and MHC class II pathways, it is distinct. Several strands of evidence suggest that the intracellular location where MR1 is loaded differs for soluble ligand and for ligand derived from intact bacteria. The regulation of MR1 surface expression may also vary between different cell types. This paper will review what is currently known about the expression and trafficking of MR1 and propose a model for the loading and trafficking of MR1.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Conserved Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; Ligands ; MR1 protein, human ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80124-0
ISSN	1365-2567 ; 0019-2805 ; 0953-4954
ISSN (online)	1365-2567
ISSN	0019-2805 ; 0953-4954
DOI	10.1111/imm.12744
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Ud II Zs.181: Show issues

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Article: The Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern

Torbati, Elham / Krause, Kurt L. / Ussher, James E.

Viruses. 2021 Sept. 23, v. 13, no. 10

2021

Abstract	At the end of 2019 a newly emerged betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of an outbreak of severe pneumonia, subsequently termed COVID-19, in a number of patients in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread globally, resulting in a pandemic that has to date infected over 200 million individuals and resulted in more than 4.3 million deaths. While SARS-CoV-2 results in severe disease in 13.8%, with increasing frequency of severe disease with age, over 80% of infections are asymptomatic or mild. The immune response is an important determinant of outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. While B cell and T cell responses are associated with control of infection and protection against subsequent challenge with SARS-CoV-2, failure to control viral replication and the resulting hyperinflammation are associated with severe COVID-19. Towards the end of 2020, several variants of concern emerged that demonstrate increased transmissibility and/or evasion of immune responses from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article reviews what is known about the humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and how mutation and structural/functional changes in the emerging variants of concern impact upon the immune protection from prior infection or vaccination.
Keywords	B-lymphocytes ; COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; T-lymphocytes ; disease severity ; immune response ; mutation ; pandemic ; pneumonia ; vaccination ; virus replication ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0923
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13101911
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: New Zealand's science-led response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Geoghegan, Jemma L / Moreland, Nicole J / Le Gros, Graham / Ussher, James E

Nature immunology

2021 Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 262–263

MeSH term(s)	Advisory Committees ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases, Imported ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Emigration and Immigration ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016987-5
ISSN	1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
ISSN (online)	1529-2916
ISSN	1529-2908
DOI	10.1038/s41590-021-00872-x
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Zs.A 5294: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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