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  1. Article ; Online: A non-clinical and clinical IUCLID database for 530 pharmaceuticals (part I): Methodological aspects of its development.

    Evangelisti, Martina / Parenti, Marco Daniele / Varchi, Greta / Franco, Jorge / Vom Brocke, Jochen / Karamertzanis, Panagiotis G / Del Rio, Alberto / Bichlmaier, Ingo

    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

    2023  Volume 142, Page(s) 105416

    Abstract: A new IUCLID database is provided containing results from non-clinical animal studies and human information for 530 approved drugs. The database was developed by extracting data from pharmacological reviews of repeat-dose, carcinogenicity, developmental, ...

    Abstract A new IUCLID database is provided containing results from non-clinical animal studies and human information for 530 approved drugs. The database was developed by extracting data from pharmacological reviews of repeat-dose, carcinogenicity, developmental, and reproductive toxicity studies. In the database, observed and no-observed effects are linked to the respective effect levels, including information on severity/incidence and transiency/reversibility. It also includes some information on effects in humans, that were extracted from relevant sections of standard product labels of the approved drugs. The database is complemented with a specific ontology for reporting effects that was developed as an improved version of the Ontology Lookup Service's mammalian and human phenotype ontologies and includes different hierarchical levels. The developed ontology contains novel and unique standardized terms, including ontological terms for reproductive and endocrine effects. The database aims to facilitate correlation and concordance analyses based on the link between observed and no-observed effects and their respective effect levels. In addition, it offers a robust dataset on drug information for the pharmaceutical industry and research. The reported ontology supports the analyses of toxicological information, especially for reproductive and endocrine endpoints and can be used to encode legacy data or develop additional ontologies. The new database and ontology can be used to support the development of alternative non-animal approaches, to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity, and to analyse human relevance. The new IUCLID database is provided free of charge at https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu/us-fda-toxicity-data.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Industry ; Endocrine System ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Mammals
    Chemical Substances Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604672-1
    ISSN 1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
    ISSN (online) 1096-0295
    ISSN 0273-2300
    DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105416
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Total nucleotide analysis of Hydra DNA and RNA by MEKC with LIF detection and 32P-postlabeling.

    Hassel, Monika / Cornelius, Michael G / Vom Brocke, Jochen / Schmeiser, Heinz H

    Electrophoresis

    2010  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 299–302

    Abstract: The model organism Hydra has been used for molecular studies for more than 20 years, however, its DNA base composition has not been determined yet. We have analyzed DNA and total RNA of the freshwater polyp Hydra magnipapillata with two independent ... ...

    Abstract The model organism Hydra has been used for molecular studies for more than 20 years, however, its DNA base composition has not been determined yet. We have analyzed DNA and total RNA of the freshwater polyp Hydra magnipapillata with two independent procedures of high accuracy and sensitivity - fluorescence labeling of nucleotides followed by CE-LIF detection and (32)P-postlabeling. DNA of Hydra was digested either to deoxyribonucleoside-5'-monophosphates or deoxyribonucleoside-3'-monophosphates selectively conjugated with the fluorescent dye 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl ethylene diamine hydrochloride (BODIPY FL EDA) separated and detected using CE-LIF. Both versions of the assay revealed a high A+T composition of 78 and 71%, whereas total DNA methylation (5-methyldeoxycytidine) was 2.6 and 3.1%. Total Hydra RNA showed highest base levels for guanine (33%) and a level of 1.4% for pseudouracil. All values were in good agreement with those determined by the (32)P-postlabeling method.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary/methods ; DNA/chemistry ; DNA Methylation ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Guanine ; Hydra/genetics ; Lasers ; Nucleotides/analysis ; Phosphorus Radioisotopes/chemistry ; RNA/chemistry ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods
    Chemical Substances Nucleotides ; Phosphorus Radioisotopes ; Guanine (5Z93L87A1R) ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-01
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 619001-7
    ISSN 1522-2683 ; 0173-0835
    ISSN (online) 1522-2683
    ISSN 0173-0835
    DOI 10.1002/elps.200900458
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: MEF immortalization to investigate the ins and outs of mutagenesis.

    vom Brocke, Jochen / Schmeiser, Heinz H / Reinbold, Manuela / Hollstein, Monica

    Carcinogenesis

    2006  Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 2141–2147

    Abstract: The importance of tumor suppressor/oncogene mutations in tumor development is clear, but the causes of the DNA sequence changes in human cancers are not. Although elegant experiments with transgenic mice harboring lacZ or cII target sequences show that ... ...

    Abstract The importance of tumor suppressor/oncogene mutations in tumor development is clear, but the causes of the DNA sequence changes in human cancers are not. Although elegant experiments with transgenic mice harboring lacZ or cII target sequences show that exposure to mutagenic human carcinogens can cause base substitutions in vivo, it does not follow from this that the mutations found in human cancers have to be the direct result of damage by external mutagens. They could be due to endogenously generated reactive oxygen species, or polymerase infidelity, for example. Specific patterns of mutations in the defined sequence of a test system set up to address this question can provide information on the molecular events leading to DNA sequence changes in humans if the experimentally induced mutations and patient tumor mutations are compared in the same gene. Fortuitously, inactivating point mutations in the p53 gene are driving events in the immortalization of murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in vitro. This discovery offers a natural biological strategy for selecting p53 mutants. Immortalized cell lines arising from primary MEFs harboring human p53 sequences (Hupki, human p53 knock-in) have p53 mutations that match p53 mutations in human tumors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Line ; Cytological Techniques ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutagenesis ; Mutagens ; Mutation ; Point Mutation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
    Chemical Substances Mutagens ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603134-1
    ISSN 1460-2180 ; 0143-3334
    ISSN (online) 1460-2180
    ISSN 0143-3334
    DOI 10.1093/carcin/bgl101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The carcinogenic air pollutant 3-nitrobenzanthrone induces GC to TA transversion mutations in human p53 sequences.

    vom Brocke, Jochen / Krais, Annette / Whibley, Catherine / Hollstein, Monica C / Schmeiser, Heinz H

    Mutagenesis

    2008  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 17–23

    Abstract: 3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) is a potent mutagen and a suspected human carcinogen present in particulate matter of diesel exhaust and ambient air pollution. Employing an assay with human p53 knock-in (Hupki) murine embryonic fibroblasts (HUFs), we ... ...

    Abstract 3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) is a potent mutagen and a suspected human carcinogen present in particulate matter of diesel exhaust and ambient air pollution. Employing an assay with human p53 knock-in (Hupki) murine embryonic fibroblasts (HUFs), we examined p53 mutations induced by 3-NBA and its active metabolite, N-hydroxy-3-aminobenzanthrone (N-OH-3-ABA). Twenty-nine immortalized cultures (cell lines) from 89 HUF primary cultures exposed at passage 1 for 5 days to 2 microM 3-NBA harboured 22 different mutations in the human DNA-binding domain sequence of the Hupki p53 tumour suppressor gene. The most frequently observed mutation was GC to TA transversion (46%), corroborating previous mutation studies with 3-NBA, and consistent with the presence of persistent 3-NBA-guanosine adducts found in DNA of exposed rodents. Six of the transversions found solely in 3-NBA-treated HUFs have not been detected thus far in untreated HUFs, but have been found repeatedly in human lung tumours. (32)P-post-labelling adduct analysis of DNA from HUF cells treated with 2 microM 3-NBA for 5 days showed a pattern similar to that found in vivo, indicating the metabolic competence of HUF cells to metabolize 3-NBA to electrophilic intermediates. Total DNA binding was 160 +/- 56 per 10(7) normal nucleotides with N(2)-guanosine being the major adduct. In contrast, identical treatment with N-OH-3-ABA resulted in a 100-fold lower level of specific DNA adducts and no carcinogen-specific mutation pattern in the Hupki assay. This indicates that the level of DNA adduct formation by the mutagen is critical to obtain specific mutation spectra in the assay. Our results are consistent with previous experiments in Muta Mouse and are compatible with the possibility that diesel exhaust exposure contributes to mutation load in humans and to lung cancer risk.
    MeSH term(s) Adenine/chemistry ; Adenine/metabolism ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Animals ; Benz(a)Anthracenes/toxicity ; Carcinogens, Environmental/toxicity ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/chemistry ; Cytosine/metabolism ; DNA Adducts/chemistry ; DNA Adducts/metabolism ; Guanine/chemistry ; Guanine/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutagenesis ; Mutagens/toxicity ; Mutation ; Thymine/chemistry ; Thymine/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Vehicle Emissions/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Benz(a)Anthracenes ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; DNA Adducts ; Mutagens ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; Vehicle Emissions ; Guanine (5Z93L87A1R) ; Cytosine (8J337D1HZY) ; Adenine (JAC85A2161) ; 3-nitrobenzanthrone (O4OJW7BC7W) ; Thymine (QR26YLT7LT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632903-2
    ISSN 1464-3804 ; 0267-8357
    ISSN (online) 1464-3804
    ISSN 0267-8357
    DOI 10.1093/mutage/gen049
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Total nucleotide analysis of Hydra DNA and RNA by MEKC with LIF detection and ³²P-postlabeling

    Hassel, Monika / Cornelius, Michael G / vom Brocke, Jochen / Schmeiser, Heinz H

    Electrophoresis. 2010 Jan., v. 31, no. 2

    2010  

    Abstract: The model organism Hydra has been used for molecular studies for more than 20 years, however, its DNA base composition has not been determined yet. We have analyzed DNA and total RNA of the freshwater polyp Hydra magnipapillata with two independent ... ...

    Abstract The model organism Hydra has been used for molecular studies for more than 20 years, however, its DNA base composition has not been determined yet. We have analyzed DNA and total RNA of the freshwater polyp Hydra magnipapillata with two independent procedures of high accuracy and sensitivity - fluorescence labeling of nucleotides followed by CE-LIF detection and ³²P-postlabeling. DNA of Hydra was digested either to deoxyribonucleoside-5′-monophosphates or deoxyribonucleoside-3′-monophosphates selectively conjugated with the fluorescent dye 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl ethylene diamine hydrochloride (BODIPY FL EDA) separated and detected using CE-LIF. Both versions of the assay revealed a high A+T composition of 78 and 71%, whereas total DNA methylation (5-methyldeoxycytidine) was 2.6 and 3.1%. Total Hydra RNA showed highest base levels for guanine (33%) and a level of 1.4% for pseudouracil. All values were in good agreement with those determined by the ³²P-postlabeling method.
    Keywords DNA ; DNA methylation ; Hydra ; RNA ; electrophoresis ; ethylene ; fluorescence ; fluorescent dyes ; freshwater ; guanine ; micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography ; nucleotides
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2010-01
    Size p. 299-302.
    Publishing place Wiley-VCH Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 619001-7
    ISSN 1522-2683 ; 0173-0835
    ISSN (online) 1522-2683
    ISSN 0173-0835
    DOI 10.1002/elps.200900458
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: State of the art in human risk assessment of silver compounds in consumer products: a conference report on silver and nanosilver held at the BfR in 2012.

    Schäfer, Bernd / Brocke, Jochen Vom / Epp, Astrid / Götz, Mario / Herzberg, Frank / Kneuer, Carsten / Sommer, Yasmin / Tentschert, Jutta / Noll, Matthias / Günther, Isabel / Banasiak, Ursula / Böl, Gaby-Fleur / Lampen, Alfonso / Luch, Andreas / Hensel, Andreas

    Archives of toxicology

    2013  Volume 87, Issue 12, Page(s) 2249–2262

    Abstract: In light of the broad spectrum of products containing nanosilver, the harmfulness of nanosilver to human health and the environment was intensively discussed at a conference held in February 2012 at the BfR. The conference agenda covered the aspects of ... ...

    Abstract In light of the broad spectrum of products containing nanosilver, the harmfulness of nanosilver to human health and the environment was intensively discussed at a conference held in February 2012 at the BfR. The conference agenda covered the aspects of analytics of nanosilver materials, human exposure and toxicology as well as effects on microorganisms and the environment. The discussion recovered major gaps related to commonly agreed guidelines for sample preparation and central analytical techniques. In particular, the characterization of the nanoparticles in complex matrices was regarded as a challenge which might become a pitfall for further innovation and application. Historical and anecdotal records of colloidal silver have been sometimes taken as empirical proof for the general low toxicity of nanosilver. Yet as reported herein, a growing number of animal studies following modern performance standards of toxicity testing have been carried out recently revealing well-characterized adverse effects on different routes of exposure in addition to argyria. Furthermore, recent approaches in exposure assessment were reported. However, consumer exposure scenarios are only starting to be developed and reliable exposure data are still rare. It was further widely agreed on the workshop that the use of silver may lead to the selection of silver resistant bacteria. With respect to its environmental behavior, it was suggested that nanosilver released to wastewater may have negligible ecotoxicological effects. Finally, the presentations and discussion on risk assessment and regulation of nanosilver applications gave insights into different approaches of risk assessment of nanomaterials to be performed under the various regulatory frameworks.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Consumer Product Safety ; Drug Resistance ; Environmental Exposure ; European Union ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Metal Nanoparticles/adverse effects ; Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity ; Nanostructures ; Risk Assessment ; Silver Compounds/adverse effects ; Silver Compounds/analysis ; Silver Compounds/toxicity ; Toxicity Tests
    Chemical Substances Silver Compounds
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-06-19
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Congress
    ZDB-ID 124992-7
    ISSN 1432-0738 ; 0340-5761
    ISSN (online) 1432-0738
    ISSN 0340-5761
    DOI 10.1007/s00204-013-1083-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Aristolochic acid mutagenesis: molecular clues to the aetiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy-associated urothelial cancer.

    Arlt, Volker M / Stiborová, Marie / vom Brocke, Jochen / Simões, Maria L / Lord, Graham M / Nortier, Joelle L / Hollstein, Monica / Phillips, David H / Schmeiser, Heinz H

    Carcinogenesis

    2007  Volume 28, Issue 11, Page(s) 2253–2261

    Abstract: Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is found in certain rural areas of the Balkans and affects at least 25,000 inhabitants. Of the many hypotheses on BEN, the Aristolochia hypothesis has recently gained ground substantiated by the investigations on ... ...

    Abstract Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is found in certain rural areas of the Balkans and affects at least 25,000 inhabitants. Of the many hypotheses on BEN, the Aristolochia hypothesis has recently gained ground substantiated by the investigations on aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). On both clinical and morphological grounds, AAN is very similar to BEN. That exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) of individuals living in endemic areas through consumption of bread made with flour contaminated with seeds of Aristolochia clematitis is responsible for BEN is an old hypothesis, but one which is fully consistent with the unique epidemiologic features of BEN. Here, we propose an approach to investigate AA-induced mutagenesis in BEN that can provide molecular clues to the aetiology of its associated urothelial cancer. The molecular mechanism of AA-induced carcinogenesis demonstrates a strong association between DNA adduct formation, mutation pattern and tumour development. A clear link between urothelial tumours, p53 mutations and AA exposure should emerge as more tumour DNA from BEN patients from different endemic areas becomes available for mutation analysis. We predict that the observed p53 mutation spectrum will be dominated by AT --> TA transversion mutations as has already been demonstrated in the human p53 gene of immortalized cells after exposure to AAI and urothelial tumours from BEN patients in Croatia. Moreover, the detection of AA-specific DNA adducts in renal tissue of a number of BEN patients and individuals living in areas endemic for BEN in Croatia provides new evidence that chronic exposure to AA is a risk factor for BEN and its associated cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aristolochic Acids/toxicity ; Balkan Nephropathy/chemically induced ; Balkan Nephropathy/complications ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA Adducts/metabolism ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Mutagenesis ; Mutagens/toxicity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Aristolochic Acids ; DNA Adducts ; Mutagens ; aristolochic acid I (94218WFP5T)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-04-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603134-1
    ISSN 1460-2180 ; 0143-3334
    ISSN (online) 1460-2180
    ISSN 0143-3334
    DOI 10.1093/carcin/bgm082
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence analysis of endogenous damage in mitochondrial and genomic DNA.

    Wirtz, Michaela / Schumann, Claus A / Schellenträger, Marc / Gäb, Siegmar / Vom Brocke, Jochen / Podeschwa, Michael A L / Altenbach, Hans-J / Oscier, David / Schmitz, Oliver J

    Electrophoresis

    2005  Volume 26, Issue 13, Page(s) 2599–2607

    Abstract: Reactive oxygen molecules are formed in vivo as by-products of normal aerobic metabolism. All organisms dependent on oxygen are inevitably exposed to these species so that DNA damage can occur in both genomic and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In order to ... ...

    Abstract Reactive oxygen molecules are formed in vivo as by-products of normal aerobic metabolism. All organisms dependent on oxygen are inevitably exposed to these species so that DNA damage can occur in both genomic and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In order to determine endogenous DNA damage we have developed an analytical method that involves the isolation and hydrolysis of genomic DNA or mtDNA, the labeling of modified and unmodified nucleotides and micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection. With this method we have found etheno-adenine, thymine glycol, uracil, hypoxanthine, and 5-methylcytosine. These were identified by the addition of internal standards to the genomic or mtDNA. There are a large number of other signals in the electropherograms of mtDNA that we have never found in genomic DNA analysis because they are at lower concentration in the genome. In the DNA of untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), uracil and high levels of etheno-adenine were found, which can be explained by antioxidant enzyme alterations and oxidative stress in the CLL lymphocytes.
    MeSH term(s) 5-Methylcytosine/analysis ; 5-Methylcytosine/isolation & purification ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analysis ; Adenosine Monophosphate/isolation & purification ; Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cattle ; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary/methods ; DNA Adducts/analysis ; DNA Adducts/isolation & purification ; DNA Damage ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods ; Genome ; Humans ; Lasers ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism ; Liver/chemistry ; Oxidative Stress ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
    Chemical Substances 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine-3'-monophosphate ; Biomarkers ; DNA Adducts ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Adenosine Monophosphate (415SHH325A) ; 5-Methylcytosine (6R795CQT4H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 619001-7
    ISSN 1522-2683 ; 0173-0835
    ISSN (online) 1522-2683
    ISSN 0173-0835
    DOI 10.1002/elps.200410397
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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