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Article: Imaging anatomy of the normal orbit.

Braffman, B H / Naidich, T P / Chaneles, M

1997 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) 403–412

Abstract: Sectional imaging by CT and MRI now displays the gross anatomy of the orbit in vivo. Gross anatomy, axial and coronal CT, and MRI will be used to review the anatomic features of the orbit critical to image interpretation. Familiarity with the positions, ... ...

Abstract	Sectional imaging by CT and MRI now displays the gross anatomy of the orbit in vivo. Gross anatomy, axial and coronal CT, and MRI will be used to review the anatomic features of the orbit critical to image interpretation. Familiarity with the positions, relationships, and normal appearance of the major structures described and illustrated in this article will provide a solid basis for interpreting images of orbital pathology, as discussed in subsequent articles.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orbit/anatomy & histology ; Orbit/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1353113-x
ISSN	1558-5034 ; 0887-2171
ISSN (online)	1558-5034
ISSN	0887-2171
DOI	10.1016/s0887-2171(97)90002-0
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Article: Posterior fossa malformations.

Altman, N R / Naidich, T P / Braffman, B H

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

1992 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 691–724

MeSH term(s)	Arachnoid Cysts/diagnosis ; Arachnoid Cysts/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebellar Cortex/abnormalities ; Cerebellum/abnormalities ; Cerebellum/anatomy & histology ; Cerebellum/embryology ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome/diagnosis ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
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Article: MR of central nervous system neoplasia of the phakomatoses.

Braffman, B H / Bilaniuk, L T / Zimmerman, R A

Seminars in roentgenology

1990 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 198–217

MeSH term(s)	Angiomatosis/diagnosis ; Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis ; Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	1990-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80310-8
ISSN	1558-4658 ; 0037-198X
ISSN (online)	1558-4658
ISSN	0037-198X
DOI	10.1016/0037-198x(90)90049-a
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Article: The central nervous system manifestations of the phakomatoses on MR.

Braffman, B H / Bilaniuk, L T / Zimmerman, R A

Radiologic clinics of North America

1988 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 773–800

Abstract: The historical, epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic features of the phakomatoses are briefly reviewed in this article. The central nervous system manifestations of the phakomatoses on MR also are illustrated and described. ...

Abstract	The historical, epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic features of the phakomatoses are briefly reviewed in this article. The central nervous system manifestations of the phakomatoses on MR also are illustrated and described.
MeSH term(s)	Angiomatosis/diagnosis ; Brain Diseases/diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis ; Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	1988-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	215712-3
ISSN	1557-8275 ; 0033-8389
ISSN (online)	1557-8275
ISSN	0033-8389
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Article: Cephaloceles and related malformations.

Naidich, T P / Altman, N R / Braffman, B H / McLone, D G / Zimmerman, R A

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

1992 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 655–690

MeSH term(s)	Anencephaly/diagnosis ; Encephalocele/diagnosis ; Encephalocele/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningocele/diagnosis ; Meningocele/epidemiology ; Meningomyelocele/diagnosis ; Meningomyelocele/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
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Article: Magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes.

Stern, M B / Braffman, B H / Skolnick, B E / Hurtig, H I / Grossman, R I

Neurology

1989 Volume 39, Issue 11, Page(s) 1524–1526

Abstract: High field strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a noninvasive means of evaluating patients with parkinsonism. Using strict clinical criteria, we began a prospective study of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes ( ...

Abstract	High field strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a noninvasive means of evaluating patients with parkinsonism. Using strict clinical criteria, we began a prospective study of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes (PS) including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and atypical parkinsonism (ATYP). We detected moderate to severe putaminal hypointensity more frequently in PS than in PD and controls, although putaminal hypointensity did not distinguish between MSA, PSP, or ATYP. Signal intensity in the lateral substantia nigra did not differ significantly among patients with PD, PS, or controls and was therefore not a useful MRI marker. Pars compacta width was significantly narrower in both PD and PS. Subcortical and periventricular hyperintense foci were more abundant in PD and PS than controls. Atrophy of the brainstem occurred only in patients with PS.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/physiology ; Brain/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Putamen/pathology ; Substantia Nigra/pathology ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	1989-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/wnl.39.11.1524
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Article: Emergency department screening for ectopic pregnancy: a prospective US study.

Braffman, B H / Coleman, B G / Ramchandani, P / Arger, P H / Nodine, C F / Dinsmore, B J / Louie, A / Betsch, S E

Radiology

1994 Volume 190, Issue 3, Page(s) 797–802

Abstract: Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of pelvic sonography as a screening test for ectopic pregnancy.: Materials and methods: Pelvic sonograms were prospectively analyzed in 1,427 consecutive patients with a serum level of the beta subunit of human ...

Abstract	Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of pelvic sonography as a screening test for ectopic pregnancy. Materials and methods: Pelvic sonograms were prospectively analyzed in 1,427 consecutive patients with a serum level of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin of over 1,500 IU/L. Results: Sonograms were diagnostic in 1,158 patients and indeterminate in 269. When indeterminate studies were considered falsely negative, the diagnostic accuracy was 81%. Twenty-four percent of patients with indeterminate studies were subsequently proved to have ectopic pregnancy. In ectopic pregnancy (n = 103), the most common finding was a complex adnexal mass (specificity = 92% [P < .001]). The sensitivity and specificity of screening sonography for ectopic pregnancy were 99% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: Pelvic sonography is an effective screening test for ectopic pregnancy. Having a one in four chance of harboring an ectopic pregnancy, patients with indeterminate studies require close follow-up. The presence of a complex adnexal mass is a strong predictor of ectopic pregnancy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood ; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Pelvis/diagnostic imaging ; Peptide Fragments/blood ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnostic imaging ; Pregnancy, Ectopic/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography/methods ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
Chemical Substances	Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human ; Peptide Fragments
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiology.190.3.7509494
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Article: Human malignant melanomas with varying degrees of melanin content in nude mice: MR imaging, histopathology, and electron paramagnetic resonance.

Atlas, S W / Braffman, B H / LoBrutto, R / Elder, D E / Herlyn, D

Journal of computer assisted tomography

1990 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 547–554

Abstract: ... of calculating T1, T2, and proton density [N(H)]. Histopathologic examination was performed on specimens resected ...

Abstract	The etiology of the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement seen in malignant melanoma on proton magnetic resonance (MR) images has been the subject of many recent investigations and has been ascribed to iron from associated hemorrhage or chelated metal ions, rather than directly due to melanin. The purpose of this study was to correlate proton relaxation times on MR images in malignant melanomas with histopathologic features (i.e., degree of pigmentation, iron deposition, and necrosis), water content, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra to elucidate the etiology of the relaxation behavior demonstrated by these neoplasms. Cultured cells derived from human malignant melanoma metastases were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Twelve separate lesions were evaluated in 10 mice. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in vivo at 1.9 T using spin echo and inversion recovery acquisitions for the purposes of calculating T1, T2, and proton density [N(H)]. Histopathologic examination was performed on specimens resected immediately after imaging, using hematoxylin/eosin, Prussian blue, and Fontana stains to assess tumor necrosis, and iron and melanin content. Dry/wet weight ratios and EPR spectra were also obtained on resected specimens. Our results indicate that T1 shortening correlates with increasing melanin content and not with increasing iron deposition, EPR-active metallic cations, necrosis, or water content. In fact, a presumably unrelated statistical correlation was found between increased iron and T1 prolongation. The T2 relaxation times did not correlate with the presence of any single factor other than proton density. Although the unique relaxation behavior of nonhemorrhagic malignant melanoma in vivo cannot be traced to a single cause, our data suggest that, contrary to previous investigations, it is strongly influenced by the presence of melanin rather than iron or other naturally occurring paramagnetic ions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Iron/analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Melanins/analysis ; Melanoma, Experimental/analysis ; Melanoma, Experimental/diagnosis ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
Chemical Substances	Melanins ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	1990-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80392-3
ISSN	1532-3145 ; 0363-8715
ISSN (online)	1532-3145
ISSN	0363-8715
DOI	10.1097/00004728-199007000-00009
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Article: MR imaging of tuberous sclerosis: pathogenesis of this phakomatosis, use of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and literature review.

Braffman, B H / Bilaniuk, L T / Naidich, T P / Altman, N R / Post, M J / Quencer, R M / Zimmerman, R A / Brody, B A

Radiology

1992 Volume 183, Issue 1, Page(s) 227–238

Abstract: ... from the ventricle through the cerebral mantle toward the cortex, (b) wedge-shaped lesions, (c) nonspecific conglomerate foci, and (d ...

Abstract	Findings on cranial magnetic resonance (MR) images were correlated with known histopathologic findings in 42 patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS), 17 of whom received gadopentetate dimeglumine, to extend the range of signs on MR images. Four neuroradiologists recorded the number, sites, configurations, and relative signal intensities of intracranial abnormalities. White matter lesions, found in 39 patients (93%), showed four distinct patterns: (a) straight or curvilinear bands extending radially from the ventricle through the cerebral mantle toward the cortex, (b) wedge-shaped lesions, (c) nonspecific conglomerate foci, and (d) cerebellar radial bands. It is concluded that cortical tubers, white matter lesions, subependymal nodules, and sub-ependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SGCAs) may be enhanced after administration of gadopenetetate dimeglumine. Enhancement of a TS lesion does not indicate neoplastic transformation into SGCA. Imaging surveillance every 12 months appears indicated during the peak ages (8-18 years) of occurrence of SGCA. The appearance of white matter lesions supports the theory that the cerebral lesions of TS may be caused by disordered migration of dysgenetic cells.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Astrocytoma/diagnosis ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Contrast Media ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Glioma/diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meglumine ; Organometallic Compounds ; Pentetic Acid ; Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis ; Tuberous Sclerosis/pathology
Chemical Substances	Contrast Media ; Drug Combinations ; Organometallic Compounds ; Meglumine (6HG8UB2MUY) ; Pentetic Acid (7A314HQM0I) ; Gadolinium DTPA (K2I13DR72L)
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiology.183.1.1549677
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Article: MR imaging of Parkinson disease with spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences.

Braffman, B H / Grossman, R I / Goldberg, H I / Stern, M B / Hurtig, H I / Hackney, D B / Bilaniuk, L T / Zimmerman, R A

AJR. American journal of roentgenology

1989 Volume 152, Issue 1, Page(s) 159–165

Abstract: High-field MR with both spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences was performed in 21 patients with (idiopathic, drug-responsive) Parkinson disease. The use of gradient echoes allowed more sensitive detection than did spin echoes of susceptibility changes in ...

Abstract	High-field MR with both spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences was performed in 21 patients with (idiopathic, drug-responsive) Parkinson disease. The use of gradient echoes allowed more sensitive detection than did spin echoes of susceptibility changes in the putamina and substantia nigra. No statistically significant difference in putaminal hypointensity on long TR/long TE spin-echo sequences or on T2*-weighted images using gradient-echo sequences was observed between Parkinson patients and controls. There was also no statistically significant difference in the frequency of restoration of the signal intensity of the substantia nigra between the two groups of patients. The width of the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in patients with Parkinson disease was 2.12 + 0.82 mm (mean +/- SD). This value in age- and gender-matched controls was 2.67 +/- 0.5. Comparing these two groups with an unpaired t test resulted in a p value less than or equal to .005. Our MR study with spin-echo and gradient-echo images in Parkinson and control patients was able to substantiate and elaborate on previously described MR features of Parkinson disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Brain/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease/pathology ; Putamen/pathology ; Substantia Nigra/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	1989-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	82076-3
ISSN	1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
ISSN (online)	1546-3141
ISSN	0361-803X ; 0092-5381
DOI	10.2214/ajr.152.1.159
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