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  1. Article ; Online: Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of a presumed enchondroma in the flat bones of the pelvis.

    Yiannakas, Marios / Ioannides, Cleanthis / Pantzara, Maria / Michaelides, Michalis

    Skeletal radiology

    2023  Volume 52, Issue 5, Page(s) 1057–1061

    Abstract: Herein, a 30-year-old Caucasian female who presented with a persistent pain in the right pelvic region due to an enchondroma and treated with RF ablation is described. An initial MRI of the pelvis revealed a well-circumscribed lesion in the right ... ...

    Abstract Herein, a 30-year-old Caucasian female who presented with a persistent pain in the right pelvic region due to an enchondroma and treated with RF ablation is described. An initial MRI of the pelvis revealed a well-circumscribed lesion in the right inferior ischiopubic ramus with a maximum diameter of 9.5 mm. The final diagnosis was established by a percutaneous CT-guided bone biopsy, which excluded malignancy and revealed an enchondroma. About a month after the biopsy, a percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the lesion was performed. The symptoms resolved completely gradually 2 months after the treatment and a follow-up imaging with MRI showed complete resolution of the pathological enhancement indicating necrosis of the lesion. RFA has not been previously reported as a treatment option of enchondromas found in flat bones of the pelvis and could be a safe alternative minimally invasive treatment option in such cases, avoiding major operations.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Biopsy ; Chondroma/diagnostic imaging ; Chondroma/surgery ; Pelvis/diagnostic imaging ; Pelvis/surgery ; Radiofrequency Ablation ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 527592-1
    ISSN 1432-2161 ; 0364-2348
    ISSN (online) 1432-2161
    ISSN 0364-2348
    DOI 10.1007/s00256-023-04291-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Optimized multi-echo gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging for gray and white matter segmentation in the lumbosacral cord at 3 T.

    Büeler, Silvan / Yiannakas, Marios C / Damjanovski, Zdravko / Freund, Patrick / Liechti, Martina D / David, Gergely

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 16498

    Abstract: Atrophy in the spinal cord (SC), gray (GM) and white matter (WM) is typically measured in-vivo by image segmentation on multi-echo gradient-echo magnetic resonance images. The aim of this study was to establish an acquisition and analysis protocol for ... ...

    Abstract Atrophy in the spinal cord (SC), gray (GM) and white matter (WM) is typically measured in-vivo by image segmentation on multi-echo gradient-echo magnetic resonance images. The aim of this study was to establish an acquisition and analysis protocol for optimal SC and GM segmentation in the lumbosacral cord at 3 T. Ten healthy volunteers underwent imaging of the lumbosacral cord using a 3D spoiled multi-echo gradient-echo sequence (Siemens FLASH, with 5 echoes and 8 repetitions) on a Siemens Prisma 3 T scanner. Optimal numbers of successive echoes and signal averages were investigated comparing signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values as well as qualitative ratings for segmentability by experts. The combination of 5 successive echoes yielded the highest CNR between WM and cerebrospinal fluid and the highest rating for SC segmentability. The combination of 3 and 4 successive echoes yielded the highest CNR between GM and WM and the highest rating for GM segmentability in the lumbosacral enlargement and conus medullaris, respectively. For segmenting the SC and GM in the same image, we suggest combining 3 successive echoes. For SC or GM segmentation only, we recommend combining 5 or 3 successive echoes, respectively. Six signal averages yielded good contrast for reliable SC and GM segmentation in all subjects. Clinical applications could benefit from these recommendations as they allow for accurate SC and GM segmentation in the lumbosacral cord.
    MeSH term(s) Atrophy ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-20395-1
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  3. Article ; Online: What contributes to disability in progressive MS? A brain and cervical cord-matched quantitative MRI study.

    Tur, Carmen / Battiston, Marco / Yiannakas, Marios C / Collorone, Sara / Calvi, Alberto / Prados, Ferran / Kanber, Baris / Grussu, Francesco / Ricciardi, Antonio / Pajak, Patrizia / Martinelli, Daniele / Schneider, Torben / Ciccarelli, Olga / Samson, Rebecca S / Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia Am Gandini

    Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 4-5, Page(s) 516–534

    Abstract: Background: We assessed the ability of a brain-and-cord-matched quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) protocol to differentiate patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) from controls, in terms of normal-appearing (NA) tissue ... ...

    Abstract Background: We assessed the ability of a brain-and-cord-matched quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) protocol to differentiate patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) from controls, in terms of normal-appearing (NA) tissue abnormalities, and explain disability.
    Methods: A total of 27 patients and 16 controls were assessed on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), 25-foot timed walk (TWT), 9-hole peg (9HPT) and symbol digit modalities (SDMT) tests. All underwent 3T brain and (C2-C3) cord structural imaging and qMRI (relaxometry, quantitative magnetisation transfer, multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging), using a fast brain-and-cord-matched protocol with brain-and-cord-unified imaging readouts. Lesion and NA-tissue volumes and qMRI metrics reflecting demyelination and axonal loss were obtained. Random forest analyses identified the most relevant volumetric/qMRI measures to clinical outcomes. Confounder-adjusted linear regression estimated the actual MRI-clinical associations.
    Results: Several qMRI/volumetric differences between patients and controls were observed (
    Conclusion: Fast brain-and-cord-matched qMRI protocols are feasible and identify demyelination - combined with other mechanisms - as key for disability accumulation in PMS.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cervical Cord/pathology ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Brain/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/pathology ; Gray Matter/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1290669-4
    ISSN 1477-0970 ; 1352-4585
    ISSN (online) 1477-0970
    ISSN 1352-4585
    DOI 10.1177/13524585241229969
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  4. Article ; Online: Optic chiasm involvement in multiple sclerosis, aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease.

    Bianchi, Alessia / Cortese, Rosa / Prados, Ferran / Tur, Carmen / Kanber, Baris / Yiannakas, Marios C / Samson, Rebecca / De Angelis, Floriana / Magnollay, Lise / Jacob, Anu / Brownlee, Wallace / Trip, Anand / Nicholas, Richard / Hacohen, Yael / Barkhof, Frederik / Ciccarelli, Olga / Toosy, Ahmed T

    Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

    2024  , Page(s) 13524585241240420

    Abstract: Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a common feature of inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) such as multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin 4-antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4 + NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein ... ...

    Abstract Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a common feature of inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) such as multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin 4-antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4 + NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). However, the involvement of the optic chiasm (OC) in IDD has not been fully investigated.
    Aims: To examine OC differences in non-acute IDD patients with (ON+) and without ON (ON-) using magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR), to compare differences between MS, AQP4 + NMOSD and MOGAD and understand their associations with other neuro-ophthalmological markers.
    Methods: Twenty-eight relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 24 AQP4 + NMOSD, 28 MOGAD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) underwent clinical evaluation, MRI and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan. Multivariable linear regression models were applied.
    Results: ON + IDD patients showed lower OC MTR than HCs (28.87 ± 4.58 vs 31.65 ± 4.93;
    Conclusion: OC microstructural damage indicates prior ON in IDD and is linked to reduced vision and thinner pRNFL.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1290669-4
    ISSN 1477-0970 ; 1352-4585
    ISSN (online) 1477-0970
    ISSN 1352-4585
    DOI 10.1177/13524585241240420
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  5. Article ; Online: Multi-echo quantitative susceptibility mapping: how to combine echoes for accuracy and precision at 3 Tesla.

    Biondetti, Emma / Karsa, Anita / Grussu, Francesco / Battiston, Marco / Yiannakas, Marios C / Thomas, David L / Shmueli, Karin

    Magnetic resonance in medicine

    2022  Volume 88, Issue 5, Page(s) 2101–2116

    Abstract: Purpose: To compare different multi-echo combination methods for MRI QSM. Given the current lack of consensus, we aimed to elucidate how to optimally combine multi-echo gradient-recalled echo signal phase information, either before or after applying ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To compare different multi-echo combination methods for MRI QSM. Given the current lack of consensus, we aimed to elucidate how to optimally combine multi-echo gradient-recalled echo signal phase information, either before or after applying Laplacian-base methods (LBMs) for phase unwrapping or background field removal.
    Methods: Multi-echo gradient-recalled echo data were simulated in a numerical head phantom, and multi-echo gradient-recalled echo images were acquired at 3 Tesla in 10 healthy volunteers. To enable image-based estimation of gradient-recalled echo signal noise, 5 volunteers were scanned twice in the same session without repositioning. Five QSM processing pipelines were designed: 1 applied nonlinear phase fitting over TEs before LBMs; 2 applied LBMs to the TE-dependent phase and then combined multiple TEs via either TE-weighted or SNR-weighted averaging; and 2 calculated TE-dependent susceptibility maps via either multi-step or single-step QSM and then combined multiple TEs via magnitude-weighted averaging. Results from different pipelines were compared using visual inspection; summary statistics of susceptibility in deep gray matter, white matter, and venous regions; phase noise maps (error propagation theory); and, in the healthy volunteers, regional fixed bias analysis (Bland-Altman) and regional differences between the means (nonparametric tests).
    Results: Nonlinearly fitting the multi-echo phase over TEs before applying LBMs provided the highest regional accuracy of
    Conclusion: For multi-echo QSM, we recommend combining the signal phase by nonlinear fitting before applying LBMs.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Phantoms, Imaging ; White Matter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605774-3
    ISSN 1522-2594 ; 0740-3194
    ISSN (online) 1522-2594
    ISSN 0740-3194
    DOI 10.1002/mrm.29365
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  6. Article: Patterns of inflammation, microstructural alterations, and sodium accumulation define multiple sclerosis subtypes after 15 years from onset.

    Ricciardi, Antonio / Grussu, Francesco / Kanber, Baris / Prados, Ferran / Yiannakas, Marios C / Solanky, Bhavana S / Riemer, Frank / Golay, Xavier / Brownlee, Wallace / Ciccarelli, Olga / Alexander, Daniel C / Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M

    Frontiers in neuroinformatics

    2023  Volume 17, Page(s) 1060511

    Abstract: Introduction: Conventional MRI is routinely used for the characterization of pathological changes in multiple sclerosis (MS), but due to its lack of specificity is unable to provide accurate prognoses, explain disease heterogeneity and reconcile the gap ...

    Abstract Introduction: Conventional MRI is routinely used for the characterization of pathological changes in multiple sclerosis (MS), but due to its lack of specificity is unable to provide accurate prognoses, explain disease heterogeneity and reconcile the gap between observed clinical symptoms and radiological evidence. Quantitative MRI provides measures of physiological abnormalities, otherwise invisible to conventional MRI, that correlate with MS severity. Analyzing quantitative MRI measures through machine learning techniques has been shown to improve the understanding of the underlying disease by better delineating its alteration patterns.
    Methods: In this retrospective study, a cohort of healthy controls (HC) and MS patients with different subtypes, followed up 15 years from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), was analyzed to produce a multi-modal set of quantitative MRI features encompassing relaxometry, microstructure, sodium ion concentration, and tissue volumetry. Random forest classifiers were used to train a model able to discriminate between HC, CIS, relapsing remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) MS patients based on these features and, for each classification task, to identify the relative contribution of each MRI-derived tissue property to the classification task itself.
    Results and discussion: Average classification accuracy scores of 99 and 95% were obtained when discriminating HC and CIS vs. SP, respectively; 82 and 83% for HC and CIS vs. RR; 76% for RR vs. SP, and 79% for HC vs. CIS. Different patterns of alterations were observed for each classification task, offering key insights in the understanding of MS phenotypes pathophysiology: atrophy and relaxometry emerged particularly in the classification of HC and CIS vs. MS, relaxometry within lesions in RR vs. SP, sodium ion concentration in HC vs. CIS, and microstructural alterations were involved across all tasks.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452979-5
    ISSN 1662-5196
    ISSN 1662-5196
    DOI 10.3389/fninf.2023.1060511
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  7. Article ; Online: Feasibility of in vivo multi-parametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the healthy sciatic nerve with a unified signal readout protocol.

    Boonsuth, Ratthaporn / Battiston, Marco / Grussu, Francesco / Samlidou, Christina Maria / Calvi, Alberto / Samson, Rebecca S / Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M / Yiannakas, Marios C

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6565

    Abstract: Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) has been used successfully over the years to investigate the peripheral nervous system (PNS) because it allows early detection and precise localisation of neural tissue damage. However, studies demonstrating the ... ...

    Abstract Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) has been used successfully over the years to investigate the peripheral nervous system (PNS) because it allows early detection and precise localisation of neural tissue damage. However, studies demonstrating the feasibility of combining MRN with multi-parametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) methods, which provide more specific information related to nerve tissue composition and microstructural organisation, can be invaluable. The translation of emerging qMRI methods previously validated in the central nervous system to the PNS offers real potential to characterise in patients in vivo the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved in a plethora of conditions of the PNS. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of combining MRN with qMRI to measure diffusion, magnetisation transfer and relaxation properties of the healthy sciatic nerve in vivo using a unified signal readout protocol. The reproducibility of the multi-parametric qMRI protocol as well as normative qMRI measures in the healthy sciatic nerve are reported. The findings presented herein pave the way to the practical implementation of joint MRN-qMRI in future studies of pathological conditions affecting the PNS.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Feasibility Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Sciatic Nerve/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-33618-w
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  8. Article ; Online: Associations between cortical lesions, optic nerve damage, and disability at the onset of multiple sclerosis: insights into neurodegenerative processes.

    Varmpompiti, Kyriakoula / Chow, Geoffrey / Foster, Michael / Kodali, Srikirti / Prados, Ferran / Yiannakas, Marios C / Kanber, Baris / Burke, Ailbhe / Ogunbowale, Lola / Davagnanam, Indran / Toosy, Ahmed T / Collorone, Sara

    Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

    2023  Volume 83, Page(s) 105413

    Abstract: Background: Multiple sclerosis cortical lesions are areas of demyelination and neuroaxonal loss. Retinal layer thickness, measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT), is an emerging biomarker of neuroaxonal loss. Studies have reported correlations ... ...

    Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis cortical lesions are areas of demyelination and neuroaxonal loss. Retinal layer thickness, measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT), is an emerging biomarker of neuroaxonal loss. Studies have reported correlations between cortical lesions and retinal layer thinning in established multiple sclerosis, suggesting a shared pathophysiological process. Here, we assessed the correlation between cortical lesions and OCT metrics at the onset of multiple sclerosis, examining, for the first time, associations with physical or cognitive disability.
    Objective: To examine the relationship between cortical lesions, optic nerve and retinal layer thicknesses, and physical and cognitive disability at the first demyelinating event.
    Methods: Thirty-nine patients and 22 controls underwent 3T-MRI, optical coherence tomography, and clinical tests. We identified cortical lesions on phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequences, including occipital cortex lesions. We measured the estimated total intracranial volume and the white matter lesion volume. OCT metrics included peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL), ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) thicknesses.
    Results: Higher total cortical and leukocortical lesion volumes correlated with thinner pRNFL (B = -0.0005, 95 % CI -0.0008 to -0.0001, p = 0.01; B = -0.0005, 95 % CI -0.0008 to -0.0001, p = 0.01, respectively). Leukocortical lesion number correlated with colour vision deficits (B = 0.58, 95 %CI 0.039 to 1,11, p = 0.036). Thinner GCIPL correlated with a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (B = -0.06, 95 % CI -1.1 to -0.008, p = 0.026). MS diagnosis (n = 18) correlated with higher cortical and leukocortical lesion numbers (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003), thinner GCIPL (p = 0.029) and INL (p = 0.041).
    Conclusion: The association between cortical lesions and axonal damage in the optic nerve reinforces the role of neurodegenerative processes in MS pathogenesis at onset.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology ; Retina/pathology ; Optic Nerve/pathology ; Retinal Degeneration/etiology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2645330-7
    ISSN 2211-0356 ; 2211-0348
    ISSN (online) 2211-0356
    ISSN 2211-0348
    DOI 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105413
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  9. Article ; Online: Aberrant olfactory network functional connectivity in people with olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19 infection: an exploratory, observational study.

    Wingrove, Jed / Makaronidis, Janine / Prados, Ferran / Kanber, Baris / Yiannakas, Marios C / Magee, Cormac / Castellazzi, Gloria / Grandjean, Louis / Golay, Xavier / Tur, Carmen / Ciccarelli, Olga / D'Angelo, Egidio / Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M / Batterham, Rachel L

    EClinicalMedicine

    2023  Volume 58, Page(s) 101883

    Abstract: Background: Olfactory impairments and anosmia from COVID-19 infection typically resolve within 2-4 weeks, although in some cases, symptoms persist longer. COVID-19-related anosmia is associated with olfactory bulb atrophy, however, the impact on ... ...

    Abstract Background: Olfactory impairments and anosmia from COVID-19 infection typically resolve within 2-4 weeks, although in some cases, symptoms persist longer. COVID-19-related anosmia is associated with olfactory bulb atrophy, however, the impact on cortical structures is relatively unknown, particularly in those with long-term symptoms.
    Methods: In this exploratory, observational study, we studied individuals who experienced COVID-19-related anosmia, with or without recovered sense of smell, and compared against individuals with no prior COVID-19 infection (confirmed by antibody testing, all vaccine naïve). MRI Imaging was carried out between the 15th July and 17th November 2020 at the Queen Square House Clinical Scanning Facility, UCL, United Kingdom. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and structural imaging, we assessed differences in functional connectivity (FC) between olfactory regions, whole brain grey matter (GM) cerebral blood flow (CBF) and GM density.
    Findings: Individuals with anosmia showed increased FC between the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), visual association cortex and cerebellum and FC reductions between the right OFC and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex compared to those with no prior COVID-19 infection (
    Interpretation: This work describes, for the first time to our knowledge, functional differences within olfactory areas and regions involved in sensory processing and cognitive functioning. This work identifies key areas for further research and potential target sites for therapeutic strategies.
    Funding: This study was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research and supported by the Queen Square Scanner business case.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-5370
    ISSN (online) 2589-5370
    DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101883
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  10. Article: Assessing Lumbar Plexus and Sciatic Nerve Damage in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Using Magnetisation Transfer Ratio.

    Boonsuth, Ratthaporn / Samson, Rebecca S / Tur, Carmen / Battiston, Marco / Grussu, Francesco / Schneider, Torben / Yoneyama, Masami / Prados, Ferran / Ttofalla, Antrea / Collorone, Sara / Cortese, Rosa / Ciccarelli, Olga / Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M / Yiannakas, Marios C

    Frontiers in neurology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 763143

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564214-5
    ISSN 1664-2295
    ISSN 1664-2295
    DOI 10.3389/fneur.2021.763143
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