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Article ; Online: The Effects of Oral Nicotine Pouch Packaging Features on Adult Tobacco Users' and Non-Users' Product Perceptions.

Mays, Darren / Long, Lauren / Alalwan, Mahmood A / Wagener, Theodore L / Shang, Ce / Roberts, Megan E / Patterson, Joanne G / Keller-Hamilton, Brittney

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 4

Abstract: ... on the effects of ONP packaging features emphasizing nicotine (e.g., "tobacco free" nicotine claims) on tobacco ...

Abstract	Background: Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are novel products that are marketed as "tobacco-free" alternatives to cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (ST). This study examined the effects of ONP packaging features on adult tobacco users' and non-users' product perceptions. Materials and methods: Adult tobacco users (cigarettes, ST, and dual cigarette/ST) and non-users (total N = 301) viewed ONP pack images in a 4 × 3 × 2 between-subject experiment testing the effects of the displayed flavor (cool mint, coffee, dark frost, and smooth), nicotine concentration (none displayed on the package, 3 mg, and 6 mg), and addiction warning label (yes or no). The outcomes were perceived substitutability of ONPs for cigarettes and ST and perceived risks. We modeled the effects of tobacco user status and the experimental factors on these outcomes. Results: All tobacco user groups perceived ONPs to be significantly less harmful and less addictive than non-users. There were significant effects of nicotine concentration on perceived risks. Compared to packages that did not display nicotine concentration, packages displaying 6 mg nicotine concentration produced significantly lower perceived harm ( Conclusions: The study findings demonstrate that the nicotine concentration displayed on ONP packaging can affect adults' perceptions of ONPs. Further research on the effects of ONP packaging features emphasizing nicotine (e.g., "tobacco free" nicotine claims) on tobacco users and non-users is needed to assess their potential public health impact.
MeSH term(s)	Nicotine ; Tobacco, Smokeless ; Tobacco Products ; Product Packaging ; Nicotiana ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Chemical Substances	Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20043383
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Article ; Online: Awareness of alcohol as a breast cancer risk factor and intentions to reduce alcohol consumption among U.S. young adult women.

Alalwan, Mahmood A / Long, Lauren / Hirko, Kelly A / LoConte, Noelle K / Scherr, Courtney L / Keller-Hamilton, Brittney / Atkinson, Leanne / Suraapaneni, Sriya / Gatti-Mays, Margaret E / Manne, Sharon / Mays, Darren

Translational behavioral medicine

2023 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) 784–793

Abstract: Alcohol consumption is prevalent in young adult women and linked with breast cancer risk. Research to inform interventions targeting alcohol consumption as a breast cancer prevention strategy is limited. We examined young women's awareness of alcohol use ...

Abstract	Alcohol consumption is prevalent in young adult women and linked with breast cancer risk. Research to inform interventions targeting alcohol consumption as a breast cancer prevention strategy is limited. We examined young women's awareness of alcohol use as a breast cancer risk factor, identified correlates of awareness, and determined how awareness and conceptual predictors relate to intentions to reduce drinking. Women aged 18-25 years who drank alcohol in the past month (N = 493) completed a cross-sectional survey. Measures captured sociodemographics, breast cancer risk factors, awareness of alcohol use as a breast cancer risk factor, intentions to reduce drinking, and conceptual predictors. Analyses examined correlates of awareness and associations between awareness, conceptual predictors, and intentions to reduce drinking. Awareness was low (28%) and intentions to reduce drinking were moderate (M = 2.60, SD = 0.73, range 1-4). In multivariable analyses, awareness was associated with greater worry about cancer, beliefs that there's not much one can do to reduce cancer risk and everything causes cancer, higher perceived breast cancer risk, and stronger beliefs that reducing drinking reduces breast cancer risk. Awareness was not associated with intentions to reduce drinking. Younger age, older age of alcohol initiation, negative attitudes towards alcohol, fewer friends consuming alcohol, and stronger self-efficacy were associated with intentions to reduce drinking. Few young women recognize alcohol consumption as a breast cancer risk factor. Researchers and policymakers can apply our findings to design new or refine existing interventions to optimize their impact on awareness and alcohol consumption in young women.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Intention ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethanol ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2586893-7
ISSN	1613-9860 ; 1869-6716
ISSN (online)	1613-9860
ISSN	1869-6716
DOI	10.1093/tbm/ibad045
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Article ; Online: Perceptions of oral nicotine pouches & their marketing among Ohio Appalachia smokers and smokeless tobacco users

Lauren Long / Mahmood A. Alalwan / Brittney Keller-Hamilton / Joanne G. Patterson / Megan E. Roberts / Theodore L. Wagener / Leanne Atkinson / Sriya Suraapaneni / Darren Mays

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 10

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Perceptions of oral nicotine pouches & their marketing among Ohio Appalachia smokers and smokeless tobacco users.

Long, Lauren / Alalwan, Mahmood A / Keller-Hamilton, Brittney / Patterson, Joanne G / Roberts, Megan E / Wagener, Theodore L / Atkinson, Leanne / Suraapaneni, Sriya / Mays, Darren

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0293597

Abstract: Background: Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are novel products, gaining popularity and marketed as "tobacco-free" alternatives to cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT), but their public health impact is unknown. This study qualitatively examined ONP ... ...

Abstract	Background: Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are novel products, gaining popularity and marketed as "tobacco-free" alternatives to cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT), but their public health impact is unknown. This study qualitatively examined ONP appeal and perceptions among cigarette smokers and SLT users from Ohio Appalachia. Methods: In 2022, we conducted 10 virtual focus groups with smokers (n = 19) and smokeless tobacco users (n = 18) from Appalachia Ohio aged ≥21 to examine perceptions of risks and benefits, substitutability for cigarettes and SLT, and ONP marketing. We transcribed focus groups verbatim, thematically coded transcripts, and analyzed coded data for prominent themes. Results: Participants perceived ONPs to have similar or less risk than cigarettes/SLT but prominently discussed gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks. Addiction risk was thought to be comparable to cigarettes/SLT, citing "nicotine is nicotine." Participants viewed ONPs to be situational rather than complete substitutes for cigarettes/SLT, viewing them as "cleaner," more socially acceptable, and discrete. Despite appealing features of ONP marketing, participants surmised ads would appeal to youth, new users, tobacco users seeking to cut down/quit, or to "high class," "white-collar" demographics. Conclusions: Participants' perceptions of ONPs and their marketing suggest ONPs are more likely to be used as situational versus complete substitutes for cigarettes and SLT. While situational substitution could exacerbate disparities in Appalachia by facilitating more frequent tobacco/nicotine use, complete substitution could reduce disparities. Research is needed to understand how perceptions, the appeal of ONP marketing, and novel product features translate to patterns of use to understand ONPs' potential impact.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Tobacco, Smokeless ; Nicotine ; Smokers ; Ohio ; Tobacco Products ; Marketing ; Appalachian Region ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Chemical Substances	Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0293597
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Article ; Online: Perceptions of oral nicotine pouches & their marketing among Ohio Appalachia smokers and smokeless tobacco users.

Lauren Long / Mahmood A Alalwan / Brittney Keller-Hamilton / Joanne G Patterson / Megan E Roberts / Theodore L Wagener / Leanne Atkinson / Sriya Suraapaneni / Darren Mays

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 10, p e

2023 Volume 0293597

Abstract: Background Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are novel products, gaining popularity and marketed as "tobacco-free" alternatives to cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT), but their public health impact is unknown. This study qualitatively examined ONP appeal ... ...

Abstract	Background Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are novel products, gaining popularity and marketed as "tobacco-free" alternatives to cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT), but their public health impact is unknown. This study qualitatively examined ONP appeal and perceptions among cigarette smokers and SLT users from Ohio Appalachia. Methods In 2022, we conducted 10 virtual focus groups with smokers (n = 19) and smokeless tobacco users (n = 18) from Appalachia Ohio aged ≥21 to examine perceptions of risks and benefits, substitutability for cigarettes and SLT, and ONP marketing. We transcribed focus groups verbatim, thematically coded transcripts, and analyzed coded data for prominent themes. Results Participants perceived ONPs to have similar or less risk than cigarettes/SLT but prominently discussed gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks. Addiction risk was thought to be comparable to cigarettes/SLT, citing "nicotine is nicotine." Participants viewed ONPs to be situational rather than complete substitutes for cigarettes/SLT, viewing them as "cleaner," more socially acceptable, and discrete. Despite appealing features of ONP marketing, participants surmised ads would appeal to youth, new users, tobacco users seeking to cut down/quit, or to "high class," "white-collar" demographics. Conclusions Participants' perceptions of ONPs and their marketing suggest ONPs are more likely to be used as situational versus complete substitutes for cigarettes and SLT. While situational substitution could exacerbate disparities in Appalachia by facilitating more frequent tobacco/nicotine use, complete substitution could reduce disparities. Research is needed to understand how perceptions, the appeal of ONP marketing, and novel product features translate to patterns of use to understand ONPs' potential impact.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identification of the murine AAVrh32.33 capsid-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes.

Mays, Lauren E / Wilson, James M

The journal of gene medicine

2013 Volume 11, Issue 12, Page(s) 1095–1102

Abstract: Background: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is an ideal gene therapy vector and is non-immunogenic in many small animal models. The stable gene expression commonly seen in murine models does not necessarily translate to nonhuman primates and higher-order ... ...

Abstract	Background: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is an ideal gene therapy vector and is non-immunogenic in many small animal models. The stable gene expression commonly seen in murine models does not necessarily translate to nonhuman primates and higher-order species, highlighting the need for a better understanding of immune activation to these vectors. One capsid variant, AAVrh32.33, demonstrates a unique phenotype in murine muscle, reminiscent of what is often seen in higher-order species. AAVrh32.33 generates a strong CD8+ T-cell response to both capsid and encoded transgene antigens in a manner independent of transgene product or major histocompatability complex haplotype, making it an ideal candidate for studying immune activation to AAV in the mouse. Methods: To map the H-2b and H-2d dominant epitopes of the AAVrh32.33 capsid, C57BL/6 or Balb/C mice received an intramuscular injection of 1 x 10(11) genome copies of AAV2/rh32.33.CB.nLacZ. Three weeks later, splenocytes were harvested and stimulated in vitro with pooled or individual peptides from the AAVrh32.33 capsid peptide library and analysed by an interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay or intracellular cytokine staining. Results: The immunodominant epitopes within the AAVrh32.33 capsid responsible for driving CD8+ T-cell responses to the capsid protein in C57BL/6 (SSYELPYVM) and Balb/C (KIPASGGNAL) mice were defined. Conclusions: Identification of dominant capsid epitopes will make it possible to monitor cellular responses to the AAV capsid in vivo, facilitating mechanistic studies critical to defining how cellular immunity to the AAV capsid arises and, ultimately, how the generation of capsid-specific T cells can be avoided to ensure safety in a gene therapy setting.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Capsid/immunology ; Dependovirus/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Genetic Vectors/immunology ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transgenes/physiology
Chemical Substances	Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; H-2 Antigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1458024-x
ISSN	1521-2254 ; 1099-498X
ISSN (online)	1521-2254
ISSN	1099-498X
DOI	10.1002/jgm.1402
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Article ; Online: Development of a simulation technical competence curriculum for medical simulation fellows.

Ahmed, Rami A / Cooper, Dylan / Mays, Chassity L / Weidman, Chris M / Poore, Julie A / Bona, Anna M / Falvo, Lauren E / Moore, Malia J / Mitchell, Sally A / Boyer, Tanna J / Atkinson, S Scott / Cartwright, Johnny F

Advances in simulation (London, England)

2022 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 24

Abstract: Background and needs: Medical educators with simulation fellowship training have a unique skill set. Simulation fellowship graduates have the ability to handle basic and common troubleshooting issues with simulation software, hardware, and equipment ... ...

Abstract	Background and needs: Medical educators with simulation fellowship training have a unique skill set. Simulation fellowship graduates have the ability to handle basic and common troubleshooting issues with simulation software, hardware, and equipment setup. Outside of formal training programs such as this, simulation skills are inconsistently taught and organically learned. This is important to address because there are high expectations of medical educators who complete simulation fellowships. To fill the gap, we offer one way of teaching and assessing simulation technical skills within a fellowship curriculum and reflect on lessons learned throughout the process. This report describes the instructional designs, implementation, and program evaluation of an educational intervention: a simulation technology curriculum for simulation fellows. Curriculum design: The current iteration of the simulation technical skill curriculum was introduced in 2018 and took approximately 8 months to develop under the guidance of expert simulation technology specialists, simulation fellowship-trained faculty, and simulation center administrators. Kern's six steps to curriculum development was used as the guiding conceptual framework. The curriculum was categorized into four domains, which emerged from the outcome of a qualitative needs assessment. Instructional sessions occurred on 5 days spanning a 2-week block. The final session concluded with summative testing. Program evaluation: Fellows were administered summative objective structured exams at three stations. The performance was rated by instructors using station-specific checklists. Scores approached 100% accuracy/completion for all stations. Conclusions: The development of an evidence-based educational intervention, a simulation technical skill curriculum, was highly regarded by participants and demonstrated effective training of the simulation fellows. This curriculum serves as a template for other simulationists to implement formal training in simulation technical skills.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2059-0628
ISSN (online)	2059-0628
DOI	10.1186/s41077-022-00221-4
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Article ; Online: Surveillance for Ixodes scapularis (Acari Ixodidae) and Borrelia burgdorferi in Eastern South Dakota State Parks and Nature Areas.

Maestas, Lauren P / Mays, Sarah E / Britten, Hugh B / Auckland, Lisa D / Hamer, Sarah A

Journal of medical entomology

2018 Volume 55, Issue 6, Page(s) 1549–1554

Abstract: Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) is the principal vector of Borrelia burgdorferi (the etiologic agent of Lyme disease) in the eastern and midwestern United States. Recent efforts have documented the first established population of I. scapularis in ... ...

Abstract	Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) is the principal vector of Borrelia burgdorferi (the etiologic agent of Lyme disease) in the eastern and midwestern United States. Recent efforts have documented the first established population of I. scapularis in South Dakota, representing a western expansion of the known species distribution. Our goal was to describe the current distribution of I. scapularis in eastern South Dakota and to survey for the presence of B. burgdorferi in questing I. scapularis. We surveyed for the presence of adult and nymphal I. scapularis in seven counties within South Dakota, including 13 locales from 2016 to 2017. We then tested all I. scapularis, including those collected in 2015 from a previous study, for the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, via quantitative and conventional polymerase chain reaction. Here, we document the presence of I. scapularis in four new counties in South Dakota, and report the first instance of B. burgdorferi in a questing tick in South Dakota. Coupled with data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Companion Animal Parasite Council our data show that the risk of contracting Lyme disease in South Dakota is low, but existent and should be an important consideration with regard to public health, pets, and wildlife.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Borrelia burgdorferi/isolation & purification ; Female ; Ixodes/microbiology ; Male ; Parks, Recreational ; South Dakota
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjy101
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Article ; Online: The complex and evolving story of T cell activation to AAV vector-encoded transgene products.

Mays, Lauren E / Wilson, James M

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

2010 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–27

Abstract: Original reports of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer to the muscle resulted in high-level β-galactosidase (β-gal) expression and the promise of a viral vector that was largely nonimmunogenic. Subsequent attempts to utilize these ...

Abstract	Original reports of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer to the muscle resulted in high-level β-galactosidase (β-gal) expression and the promise of a viral vector that was largely nonimmunogenic. Subsequent attempts to utilize these vectors for genetic vaccination, however, demonstrated that it was possible to activate cellular and humoral immunity to AAV-encoded antigens. These findings fueled years of investigation into factors impacting the immunogenicity of recombinant AAV-mediated gene delivery, including route of administration, dose, host species, capsid serotype, and transgene product. In cases where AAV vectors could avoid transgene-directed immunity, it became clear that mechanisms of tolerance were at work, varying between ignorance, anergy/deletion, or active suppression. Here, we follow the field of AAV gene therapy from inception, as investigators have worked to understand the delicate balance between AAV-mediated tolerance and the activation of immunity. This review discusses our current appreciation of AAV vector immunology, with a specific focus on the transgene-specific T cell response.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Capsid Proteins/administration & dosage ; Capsid Proteins/genetics ; Capsid Proteins/immunology ; Dependovirus/genetics ; Dependovirus/immunology ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Genetic Vectors/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transgenes/genetics ; Transgenes/immunology
Chemical Substances	Capsid Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2010592-7
ISSN	1525-0024 ; 1525-0016
ISSN (online)	1525-0024
ISSN	1525-0016
DOI	10.1038/mt.2010.250
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Article ; Online: Development of a simulation technical competence curriculum for medical simulation fellows

Rami A. Ahmed / Dylan Cooper / Chassity L. Mays / Chris M. Weidman / Julie A. Poore / Anna M. Bona / Lauren E. Falvo / Malia J. Moore / Sally A. Mitchell / Tanna J. Boyer / S. Scott Atkinson / Johnny F. Cartwright

Advances in Simulation, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Background and needs Medical educators with simulation fellowship training have a unique skill set. Simulation fellowship graduates have the ability to handle basic and common troubleshooting issues with simulation software, hardware, and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background and needs Medical educators with simulation fellowship training have a unique skill set. Simulation fellowship graduates have the ability to handle basic and common troubleshooting issues with simulation software, hardware, and equipment setup. Outside of formal training programs such as this, simulation skills are inconsistently taught and organically learned. This is important to address because there are high expectations of medical educators who complete simulation fellowships. To fill the gap, we offer one way of teaching and assessing simulation technical skills within a fellowship curriculum and reflect on lessons learned throughout the process. This report describes the instructional designs, implementation, and program evaluation of an educational intervention: a simulation technology curriculum for simulation fellows. Curriculum design The current iteration of the simulation technical skill curriculum was introduced in 2018 and took approximately 8 months to develop under the guidance of expert simulation technology specialists, simulation fellowship-trained faculty, and simulation center administrators. Kern’s six steps to curriculum development was used as the guiding conceptual framework. The curriculum was categorized into four domains, which emerged from the outcome of a qualitative needs assessment. Instructional sessions occurred on 5 days spanning a 2-week block. The final session concluded with summative testing. Program evaluation Fellows were administered summative objective structured exams at three stations. The performance was rated by instructors using station-specific checklists. Scores approached 100% accuracy/completion for all stations. Conclusions The development of an evidence-based educational intervention, a simulation technical skill curriculum, was highly regarded by participants and demonstrated effective training of the simulation fellows. This curriculum serves as a template for other simulationists to implement formal training in simulation technical ...
Keywords	Simulation fellow ; Simulation technical competence ; CHSOS ; Sim tech ; Simulation technology specialist ; Summative assessment ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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