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Book ; Online: Field trials of Methisazone as a prophylactic agent against smallpox / by Gordon G. Heiner, Nusrat Fatima, Philip K. Russell, Ashley T. Hasse, Nur Ahmad, Niaz Mohamed, David B. Thomas, Thomas M. Mack, Malik Muzaffar Khan, Genell L. Knatterud, Ronald L. Anthony and Fred R. McCrumb

Heiner, Gordon G / Fatima, Nusrat / Russell, Philip K / Hasse, Ashley T / Ahmad, Nur / Mohammed, Niaz / Thomas, David B / Mack, Thomas M / Khan, Malik Muzaffer / Knatterud, Genell L / Anthony, Ronald L / McCrumb, Fred R / University of Maryland International Center for Medical Research and Training

1971

Abstract: WHO/SE/71.29 ... 18 p. ...

Abstract	WHO/SE/71.29 18 p.
Keywords	Methisazone ; Smallpox ; Bangladesh ; Communicable Diseases and their Control ; Prevention and control
Publisher	Geneva, Switzerland : World Health Organization
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Field trials of Methisazone as a prophylactic agent against smallpox / by Gordon G. Heiner, Nusrat Fatima, Philip K. Russell, Ashley T. Hasse, Nur Ahmad, Niaz Mohamed, David B. Thomas, Thomas M. Mack, Malik Muzaffar Khan, Genell L. Knatterud, Ronald L. Anthony and Fred R. McCrumb

1971

Abstract: WHO/SE/71.29 ... 18 p. ...

Abstract	WHO/SE/71.29 18 p.
Keywords	Methisazone ; Smallpox ; Bangladesh ; Communicable Diseases and their Control ; Prevention and control
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Management and conduct of randomized controlled trials.

Knatterud, Genell L

Epidemiologic reviews

2002 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 12–25

Abstract: In preparing to undertake a clinical trial, it may be helpful to keep in mind Fredrickson's description of clinical trials (31): "Field trials are indispensable. They will continue to be an ordeal. They lack glamour, they strain our resources and ... ...

Abstract	In preparing to undertake a clinical trial, it may be helpful to keep in mind Fredrickson's description of clinical trials (31): "Field trials are indispensable. They will continue to be an ordeal. They lack glamour, they strain our resources and patience, and they protract the moment of truth to excruciating limits. Still, they are among the most challenging tests of our skills. I have no doubt that when the problem is well chosen, the study is appropriately designed, and that when all the populations concerned are made aware of the route and the goal, the reward can be commensurate with the effort. If, in major medical dilemmas, the alternative is to pay the costs of perpetual uncertainty, have we really any choice?"
MeSH term(s)	Bias ; Data Collection/standards ; Data Collection/statistics & numerical data ; Guideline Adherence/standards ; Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Research Design/standards ; Research Design/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2002
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	445346-3
ISSN	1478-6729 ; 0193-936X
ISSN (online)	1478-6729
ISSN	0193-936X
DOI	10.1093/epirev/24.1.12
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Article: Use of aspirin to reduce risks of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: clinical and research challenges.

Hennekens, Charles H / Knatterud, Genell L / Pfeffer, Marc A

Diabetes care

2004 Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 2752–2754

MeSH term(s)	Aspirin/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-12-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	441231-x
ISSN	1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
ISSN (online)	1935-5548
ISSN	0149-5992
DOI	10.2337/diacare.27.11.2752
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Article: Classification of Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test results in the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study.

Barton, Franca B / Fong, Donald S / Knatterud, Genell L

American journal of ophthalmology

2004 Volume 138, Issue 1, Page(s) 119–124

Abstract: Purpose: To classify and describe clinically meaningful classes of color vision defects using pretreatment Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue results from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) patients using standard statistical techniques.: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To classify and describe clinically meaningful classes of color vision defects using pretreatment Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue results from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) patients using standard statistical techniques. Design: The ETDRS was a randomized trial investigating retinal photocoagulation and oral aspirin in diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-hue test was successfully administered before initiation of study treatment in each eye of 2701 of the 3711 ETDRS patients. Test results were converted into a Fourier series, classified by cluster analysis in the deferred-treatment group of eyes, and verified in the immediate-treatment group of eyes as separate samples. Results: Cluster analysis uncovered thirteen distinct patterns. Pattern A (51% or 1366 of the eyes) showed unimpaired hue discrimination and was comprised of younger patients with no or little macular edema. Pattern B eyes (10% or 262) showed generalized impairment of hue discrimination with no main axis defect. Patterns C (C1, C2, C3), comprising 26% (or 698) of the eyes, showed increasing severity of the yellow-blue diabetic retinopathy defect, associated with increasing mean age and increasing macular edema severity. Patterns D (D1, D2), comprising 6% (or 164) of the eyes, were similar to the C patterns but showed a stronger yellow-blue defect. Patterns E (E1, E2, E3), or approximately 2% (or 38) of the eyes and predominantly male, exhibited the expected pattern for congenital protan defect. Patterns F, G, and H, approximately 6% (or 153) of the eyes, showed distinct patterns of one-sided axes. The nomenclature is arbitrary. Conclusions: Cluster analysis of FM 100-hue test results has found 13 patterns of impaired hue discrimination, helpful in understanding color vision defects in diabetes mellitus.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Aspirin/therapeutic use ; Cluster Analysis ; Color Perception Tests/classification ; Color Vision Defects/classification ; Color Vision Defects/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diabetic Retinopathy/classification ; Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy ; Female ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Laser Coagulation ; Male ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	80030-2
ISSN	1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
ISSN (online)	1879-1891
ISSN	0002-9394
DOI	10.1016/j.ajo.2004.02.009
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Article ; Online: Long-term cardiovascular risks and the impact of statin treatment on socioeconomic inequalities: a microsimulation model.

Wu, Runguo / Williams, Claire / Zhou, Junwen / Schlackow, Iryna / Emberson, Jonathan / Reith, Christina / Keech, Anthony / Robson, John / Armitage, Jane / Gray, Alastair / Simes, John / Baigent, Colin / Mihaylova, Borislava / Barnes, Elizabeth / Blackwell, Lisa / Collins, Rory / Davies, Kelly / Fulcher, Jordan / Halls, Heather /

Herrington, William G / Holland, Lisa / Kirby, Adrienne / O'Connell, Rachel / Preiss, David / Wilson, Kate / Blazing, Michael / Braunwald, Eugene / Lemos, James de / Murphy, Sabina / Pedersen, Terje R / Pfeffer, Marc / White, Harvey / Wiviott, Stephen / Clearfield, Michael / Downs, John R / Gotto, Antonio / Weis, Stephen / Fellström, Bengt / Holdaas, Hallvard / Jardine, Alan / Gordon, David / Davis, Barry / Furberg, Curt / Grimm, Richard / Pressel, Sara / Probstfield, Jeffrey L / Rahman, Mahboob / Simpson, Lara / Koren, Michael / Dahlöf, Björn / Gupta, Ajay / Poulter, Neil / Sever, Peter / Wedel, Hans / Knopp, Robert H / Cobbe, Stuart / Schmieder, Roland / Zannad, Faiez / Betteridge, D John / Colhoun, Helen M / Durrington, Paul N / Fuller, John / Hitman, Graham A / Neil, Andrew / Hawkins, C Morton / Moyé, Lemuel / Sacks, Frank / Kjekshus, John / Wikstrand, John / Wanner, Christoph / Krane, Vera / Franzosi, Maria Grazia / Latini, Roberto / Lucci, Donata / Maggioni, Aldo / Marchioli, Roberto / Nicolis, Enrico B / Tavazzi, Luigi / Tognoni, Gianni / Bosch, Jackie / Lonn, Eva / Yusuf, Salim / Bowman, Louise / Landray, Martin / Parish, Sarah / Peto, Richard / Sleight, Peter / Kastelein, John Jp / Glynn, Robert / Koenig, Wolfgang / MacFadyen, Jean / Ridker, Paul M / MacMahon, Stephen / Marschner, Ian / Tonkin, Andrew / Shaw, John / Serruys, Patrick W / Knatterud, Genell / Blauw, Gerard J / Ford, Ian / Macfarlane, Peter / Packard, Chris / Sattar, Naveed / Shepherd, James / Trompet, Stella / Cannon, Christopher P / Bulbulia, Richard / Haynes, Richard / Amarenco, Pierre / Welch, K Michael / Wilhelmsen, Lars / Barter, Philip / LaRosa, John / Kean, Sharon / Roberston, Michele / Young, Robin / Arashi, Hiroyuki / Clarke, Robert / Flather, Marcus / Goto, Shinya / Goldbourt, Uri / Hopewell, Jemma / Hovingh, G Kees / Kitas, George / Newman, Connie / Sabatine, Marc S / Schwartz, Gregory G / Smeeth, Liam / Tobert, Jonathan / Varigos, John / Yamamguchi, Junichi

The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

2024

Abstract: Background: UK cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality have declined in recent decades but socioeconomic inequalities persist.: Aim: To present a new CVD model, and project health outcomes and the impact of guideline-recommended statin ... ...

Abstract	Background: UK cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality have declined in recent decades but socioeconomic inequalities persist. Aim: To present a new CVD model, and project health outcomes and the impact of guideline-recommended statin treatment across quintiles of socioeconomic deprivation in the UK. Design and setting: A lifetime microsimulation model was developed using 117 896 participants in 16 statin trials, 501 854 UK Biobank (UKB) participants, and quality-of-life data from national health surveys. Method: A CVD microsimulation model was developed using risk equations for myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularisation, cancer, and vascular and non-vascular death, estimated using trial data. The authors calibrated and further developed this model in the UKB cohort, including further characteristics and a diabetes risk equation, and validated the model in UKB and Whitehall II cohorts. The model was used to predict CVD incidence, life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the impact of UK guideline-recommended statin treatment across socioeconomic deprivation quintiles. Results: Age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular events were key CVD risk determinants. Model-predicted event rates corresponded well to observed rates across participant categories. The model projected strong gradients in remaining life expectancy, with 4-5-year (5-8 QALYs) gaps between the least and most socioeconomically deprived quintiles. Guideline-recommended statin treatment was projected to increase QALYs, with larger gains in quintiles of higher deprivation. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the potential of guideline-recommended statin treatment to reduce socioeconomic inequalities. This CVD model is a novel resource for individualised long-term projections of health outcomes of CVD treatments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1043148-2
ISSN	1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
ISSN (online)	1478-5242
ISSN	0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
DOI	10.3399/BJGP.2023.0198
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Article: Effect of cholesterol lowering and cardiovascular risk factors on the progression of aortoiliac arteriosclerosis: a quantitative cineangiography study.

Campeau, Lucien / Lespérance, Jacques / Bilodeau, Luc / Fortier, Annik / Guertin, Marie-Claude / Knatterud, Genell L

Angiology

2005 Volume 56, Issue 2, Page(s) 191–199

Abstract: The post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Post-CABG) trial has shown that aggressive compared to moderate lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) delayed the progression of obstructive disease in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts and in ... ...

Abstract	The post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Post-CABG) trial has shown that aggressive compared to moderate lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) delayed the progression of obstructive disease in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts and in the left main coronary artery. Patients had been allocated to high-and low-dose lovastatin therapy for a 4-5 year period. The present study evaluated the effect of LDL-C lowering and the role of cardiovascular risk factors on the progression of arteriosclerosis in the distal abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries. From one of the participating centers of the post-CABG trial, 145 patients who had adequate imaging of the aortoiliac arteries at baseline and follow-up were included. Angiographic outcomes, presumed to reflect progression of arteriosclerosis and obtained from lumen diameter (LD) measurements using quantitative cineangiography, were as follows: significant decrease of the minimum lumen diameter (LD) and increase of the maximum LD, percent lumen stenosis, and percent lumen dilatation. These outcomes were not significantly less frequent in patients randomly allocated to aggressive compared to moderate LDL-C lowering. Of 9 cardiovascular risk factors, only 2 were significantly related to progression of aortoiliac arteriosclerosis. Current smoking predicted both percent lumen stenosis increase and, to a lesser degree, percent lumen dilatation increase (p = 0.010 and p = 0.055, respectively). Abnormally high body mass index (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) correlated with percent lumen dilatation increase (p = 0.006). Aggressive compared to moderate LDL-C lowering did not prevent or delay the progression of aortoiliac arteriosclerosis. Smoking predicted both lumen narrowing and dilatation presumably caused by arteriosclerosis. Abnormally high BMI, reflecting overweight or obesity, was strongly associated with vessel dilatation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects ; Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Diseases/drug therapy ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/drug therapy ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Cholestyramine Resin/administration & dosage ; Cholestyramine Resin/adverse effects ; Cineangiography ; Disease Progression ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/diagnostic imaging ; Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy ; Iliac Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Intermittent Claudication/diagnostic imaging ; Intermittent Claudication/drug therapy ; Ischemia/diagnostic imaging ; Ischemia/drug therapy ; Leg/blood supply ; Lovastatin/administration & dosage ; Lovastatin/adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Vasodilation/drug effects ; Warfarin/administration & dosage ; Warfarin/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Anticholesteremic Agents ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cholestyramine Resin (11041-12-6) ; Warfarin (5Q7ZVV76EI) ; Lovastatin (9LHU78OQFD)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80040-5
ISSN	0003-3197
ISSN	0003-3197
DOI	10.1177/000331970505600209
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Book: Effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes

Knatterud, Genell L

(Diabetes ; 31, Suppl. 5)

1982

Institution	University Group Diabetes Program
Author's details	The University Group Diabetes Program. Genell L. Knatterud
Series title	Diabetes ; 31, Suppl. 5
Language	English
Size	XI, 81 S
Publisher	Pharmaceutical Media
Publishing place	New York, NY
Document type	Book
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Article ; Online: Reinfarction after percutaneous coronary intervention or medical management using the universal definition in patients with total occlusion after myocardial infarction: results from long-term follow-up of the Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) cohort.

White, Harvey D / Reynolds, Harmony R / Carvalho, Antonio C / Pearte, Camille A / Liu, Li / Martin, C Edwin / Knatterud, Genell L / Džavík, Vladimír / Kruk, Mariusz / Steg, Philippe Gabriel / Cantor, Warren J / Menon, Venu / Lamas, Gervasio A / Hochman, Judith S

American heart journal

2012 Volume 163, Issue 4, Page(s) 563–571

Abstract: Background: The OAT study randomized 2,201 patients with a totally occluded infarct-related artery on days 3 to 28 (>24 hours) after myocardial infarction (MI) to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or medical treatment (MED). There was no ... ...

Abstract	Background: The OAT study randomized 2,201 patients with a totally occluded infarct-related artery on days 3 to 28 (>24 hours) after myocardial infarction (MI) to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or medical treatment (MED). There was no difference in the primary end point of death, reinfarction, or heart failure at 2.9 or 6-year mean follow-up. However, in patients randomized to PCI, there was a trend toward a higher rate of reinfarction. Methods: We analyzed the characteristics and types of reinfarction according to the universal definition. Independent predictors of reinfarction were determined using Cox proportional hazard models with follow-up up to 9 years. Results: There were 169 reinfarctions: 9.4% PCI vs 8.0% MED, hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 0.97-1.77, P = .08. Spontaneous reinfarction (type 1) occurred with similar frequency in the groups: 4.9% PCI vs 6.7% MED, hazard ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.53-1.15, P = .21. Rates of type 2 (secondary) and 3 (sudden death) MI were similar in both groups. There was an increase in type 4a reinfarctions (related to protocol or other PCI) (0.8% PCI vs 0.1% MED, P = .01) and type 4b reinfarctions (stent thrombosis) (2.7% PCI vs 0.6% MED, P < .001). Multivariate predictors of reinfarction were history of PCI before study entry (P = .001), diabetes (P = .005), and absence of new Q waves with the index infarction (P = .01). Conclusions: There was a trend for reinfarctions to be more frequent with PCI. Opening an occluded infarct-related artery in stable patients with late post-MI may expose them to a risk of subsequent reinfarction related to reocclusion and stent thrombosis.
MeSH term(s)	Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Occlusion/therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/complications ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recurrence
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	80026-0
ISSN	1097-6744 ; 0002-8703
ISSN (online)	1097-6744
ISSN	0002-8703
DOI	10.1016/j.ahj.2012.01.016
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Article ; Online: Design and methodology of the Occluded Artery Trial (OAT).

Hochman, Judith S / Lamas, Gervasio A / Knatterud, Genell L / Buller, Christopher E / Dzavik, Vladimir / Mark, Daniel B / Reynolds, Harmony R / White, Harvey D

American heart journal

2005 Volume 150, Issue 4, Page(s) 627–642

Abstract: Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that late opening of an infarct-related artery (IRA) after myocardial infarction (MI) could improve clinical outcome. However, the suggestive observational data are limited by selection biases. Indeed, ... ...

Abstract	Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that late opening of an infarct-related artery (IRA) after myocardial infarction (MI) could improve clinical outcome. However, the suggestive observational data are limited by selection biases. Indeed, most small randomized studies have not demonstrated benefit. Thus, there is no recommendation for routine late opening of the IRA in current national guidelines for management of stable post-MI patients. The OAT is designed to test the hypothesis that opening a totally occluded IRA 3 to 28 days after MI in high-risk asymptomatic patients will improve clinical outcome and be cost-effective. The primary end point is the first occurrence of recurrent MI, hospitalization/treatment of New York Heart Association class IV congestive heart failure, or death. Trial background, design, and preliminary baseline characteristics of 2027 randomized patients are presented. Eligible patients are randomly assigned in equal proportions to optimal evidence-based medical care or optimal care plus late opening of the IRA using percutaneous coronary intervention of the occluded IRA. Treatment groups will be compared using intent-to-treat analysis. The results of OAT should have broad clinical impact by defining an evidence-based approach to the asymptomatic, high-risk, post-MI patient with an occluded IRA. If the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention are established, then a policy of routinely seeking and opening persistently occluded IRAs could be advocated. If not, this strategy should be avoided in this large subgroup of post-MI patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/complications ; Myocardial Infarction/mortality ; Myocardial Infarction/surgery ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Research Design ; Stents
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80026-0
ISSN	1097-6744 ; 0002-8703
ISSN (online)	1097-6744
ISSN	0002-8703
DOI	10.1016/j.ahj.2005.07.002
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