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Article ; Online: Even the normal is abnormal: N-heterocyclic carbene C(2) binding to a phosphaalkene without breaking the P=C π-bond.

Majhi, Paresh Kumar / Chow, Keith C F / Hsieh, Tom H H / Bowes, Eric G / Schnakenburg, Gregor / Kennepohl, Pierre / Streubel, Rainer / Gates, Derek P

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

2016 Volume 52, Issue 5, Page(s) 998–1001

Abstract: ... with Me2IMe gives the unprecedented 'normal' C(2) adduct, Me2IMe → P(Mes)=CPh2 (2). Particularly striking is ... the asymmetric and weak bonding of the NHC to the P=C moiety in 2. DFT calculations indicate that the P=C natural ... results in formation of the 'abnormal' (C(4)-substituted) 4-phosphino-NHC (1). In contrast, reaction ...

Abstract	The reaction of MesP=CPh2 with the least sterically demanding N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC = IMe) results in formation of the 'abnormal' (C(4)-substituted) 4-phosphino-NHC (1). In contrast, reaction with Me2IMe gives the unprecedented 'normal' C(2) adduct, Me2IMe → P(Mes)=CPh2 (2). Particularly striking is the asymmetric and weak bonding of the NHC to the P=C moiety in 2. DFT calculations indicate that the P=C natural bond order in 2 (1.54) still reflects significant π-character to the bond (cf. MesP=CPh2: NBO = 1.98). Further computational analysis suggests that π-delocalization into the remote C-phenyl substituents is key to stabilizing the NHC adduct.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1472881-3
ISSN	1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
ISSN (online)	1364-548X
ISSN	1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
DOI	10.1039/c5cc08181e
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Article: Even the normal is abnormal: N-heterocyclic carbene C² binding to a phosphaalkene without breaking the PC π-bond

Majhi, Paresh Kumar / Keith C. F. Chow / Tom H. H. Hsieh / Eric G. Bowes / Gregor Schnakenburg / Pierre Kennepohl / Rainer Streubel / Derek P. Gates

Chemical communications. 2016 Jan. 5, v. 52, no. 5

2016

Abstract: ... the asymmetric and weak bonding of the NHC to the PC moiety in 2. DFT calculations indicate that the PC natural ... with Me₂IMe gives the unprecedented ‘normal’ C² adduct, Me₂IMe → P(Mes)CPh₂ (2). Particularly striking is ... Further computational analysis suggests that π-delocalization into the remote C-phenyl substituents is key ...

Abstract	The reaction of MesPCPh₂ with the least sterically demanding N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC = IMe) results in formation of the ‘abnormal’ (C⁴-substituted) 4-phosphino-NHC (1). In contrast, reaction with Me₂IMe gives the unprecedented ‘normal’ C² adduct, Me₂IMe → P(Mes)CPh₂ (2). Particularly striking is the asymmetric and weak bonding of the NHC to the PC moiety in 2. DFT calculations indicate that the PC natural bond order in 2 (1.54) still reflects significant π-character to the bond (cf. MesPCPh₂: NBO = 1.98). Further computational analysis suggests that π-delocalization into the remote C-phenyl substituents is key to stabilizing the NHC adduct.
Keywords	carbenes ; chemical reactions ; heterocyclic nitrogen compounds ; moieties
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0105
Size	p. 998-1001.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1472881-3
ISSN	1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
ISSN (online)	1364-548X
ISSN	1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
DOI	10.1039/c5cc08181e
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Article ; Online: Untying the Gordian Knot of Early Language Screening and Improved Developmental Outcomes.

Kaiser, Ann P / Chow, Jason C / Baumingham, Jennifer E

JAMA network open

2024 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e2354529

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child Development ; Language Disorders ; Language Development
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54529
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Article: Glaucoma secondary to vascular changes in optic nerve head, retina, and choroid: abridged secondary publication.

Tham, C C Y / Chan, P P M / Cheung, C Y L / Leung, D Y L / Chan, N C Y / Chow, C W Y

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi

2024 Volume 30 Suppl 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 40–44

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Optic Disk/blood supply ; Retina ; Glaucoma/etiology ; Choroid/blood supply
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1239255-8
ISSN	1024-2708
ISSN	1024-2708
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Article: Can a microbiota-derived health supplement mitigate adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination in children?

Chow, C M / Cheong, P K / Hu, J / Ching, J Y L

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi

2023 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 542–544

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Vaccination/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1239255-8
ISSN	1024-2708
ISSN	1024-2708
DOI	10.12809/hkmj2210590
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of patients treated with direct-acting anti-viral therapy for chronic hepatitis C and their risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hong Kong.

Chow, Victor Yung Sin / Cheung, Wing I

BMC gastroenterology

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 49

Abstract: ... hepatitis C patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in Hong Kong, as it has not been studied ... before in this locality.: Methods: Three hundred thirty-three consecutive chronic hepatitis C patients treated ... respectively (log-rank test p < 0.001). The 1-year cumulative HCC incidence for patients without and ...

Abstract	Background & aim: To evaluate the risk of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in Hong Kong, as it has not been studied before in this locality. Methods: Three hundred thirty-three consecutive chronic hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs from two hospitals over the past 6 years were identified. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate cumulative HCC incidence. Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with HCC development. Results: During a median follow-up of 23.4 months after DAA started, 15 (5.4%, 95% CI 3.3-8.7%) out of 279 total included patients developed HCC. The overall sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 98.9%. The 1-year cumulative incidence for de-novo HCC and HCC recurrence were 0.8 and 30.9%, respectively (log-rank test p < 0.001). The 1-year cumulative HCC incidence for patients without and with cirrhosis were 0.7 and 5.1%, respectively (log-rank test p = 0.036). Univariate analysis showed that significant factors associated with HCC after DAA were: history of treated HCC, cirrhosis, evidence of portal hypertension, higher AFP at the start or end of DAA therapy, higher bilirubin, lower platelets, lower albumin, and older age. From receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off level of AFP for predicting HCC was 10.5 ng/mL at the start and 5.6 ng/mL at the end of DAA therapy. Conclusions: The risk of early HCC recurrence remains high despite achieving SVR following DAA therapy, whereas the risk of early de-novo HCC occurence is low. AFP levels, both at the start and end of DAA therapy, can be useful in stratifying risks of HCC development.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/etiology ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; alpha-Fetoproteins/analysis ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Fibrosis ; Sustained Virologic Response
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; alpha-Fetoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041351-8
ISSN	1471-230X ; 1471-230X
ISSN (online)	1471-230X
ISSN	1471-230X
DOI	10.1186/s12876-023-03099-2
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Article ; Online: Long-Term Effects of Early Communication Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pak, Natalie S / Chow, Jason C / Dillehay, Kelsey M / Kaiser, Ann P

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

2023 Volume 66, Issue 8, Page(s) 2884–2899

Abstract: Purpose: Early language and communication interventions for children with language impairments have been shown to be effective in assessments administered immediately after treatment. The purpose of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to ...

Abstract	Purpose: Early language and communication interventions for children with language impairments have been shown to be effective in assessments administered immediately after treatment. The purpose of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the overall durability of those effects over time and whether durability was related to outcome type, etiology of child language impairments, implementer of intervention, magnitude of posttest effects, time between intervention and follow-up, and study risk of bias. Method: We conducted a systematic search of online databases and reference lists to identify experimental and quasi-experimental group design studies. All studies tested the effects of early communication interventions at least 3 months post-intervention. Participants were children 0-5 years old with language impairments. Coders identified study features and rated methodological quality indicators for all studies. Effect sizes at long-term timepoints and associations with potential moderators were estimated using multilevel meta-analysis with robust variance estimation. Results: Twenty studies with 129 long-term outcome effect sizes met inclusion criteria. Studies included children with developmental language disorders or language impairment associated with autism. The overall average effect size was small and significant ( Conclusions: Outcomes of early language and communication interventions appear to persist for at least several months post-intervention. More research is needed with collection and evaluation of long-term outcomes, a focus on measurement, and consistency of primary study reporting. Supplemental material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23589648.
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Autistic Disorder ; Communication ; Language ; Language Development Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	1364086-0
ISSN	1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
ISSN (online)	1558-9102
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00711
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Article ; Online: A Qualitative Study Exploring White-Collar Employee/Manager Experiences of Mental Health and Well-being Initiatives in Corporate Environments.

Young, Paul / Chow, Vivien / Haslam, Cheryl / Barker, Jamie

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

2023 Volume 65, Issue 12, Page(s) e734–e743

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study is to explore white-collar corporate employee/manager experiences of current employer-led mental health and well-being initiatives.: Methods: Twenty-five participants took part in semistructured interviews yielding ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of the study is to explore white-collar corporate employee/manager experiences of current employer-led mental health and well-being initiatives. Methods: Twenty-five participants took part in semistructured interviews yielding over 19 hours of data. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken. Participants worked for organizations including investment banks, insurers, asset managers, consultants, public relations, marketing, and legal firms. Results: Many participants were skeptical of the effectiveness of current company-led mental health and well-being initiatives against a backdrop of high job demands and unsupportive cultures. A commonly expressed view was that organizations were paying lip service to the issue. Participants communicated that more leadership role modeling on mental health and well-being, supportive job designs, and accessible skills-focused psychological support would be beneficial. Conclusions: Corporate white-collar employees/managers welcome mental health and well-being initiatives but are skeptical about their current effectiveness.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Health ; Leadership ; Qualitative Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1223932-x
ISSN	1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
ISSN (online)	1536-5948
ISSN	1076-2752
DOI	10.1097/JOM.0000000000002969
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Article ; Online: Preeclampsia Onset, Days to Delivery, and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring: Clinical Birth Cohort Study.

Carter, Sarah / Lin, Jane C / Chow, Ting / Martinez, Mayra P / Qiu, Chunyuan / Feldman, R Klara / McConnell, Rob / Xiang, Anny H

JMIR public health and surveillance

2024 Volume 10, Page(s) e47396

Abstract: ... associated with greater ASD risk (P=.003); HRs were 1.62 (95% CI 1.33-1.98), 1.43 (95% CI 1.20-1.69), and 1 ...

Abstract	Background: Maternal preeclampsia is associated with a risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. However, it is unknown whether the increased ASD risk associated with preeclampsia is due to preeclampsia onset or clinical management of preeclampsia after onset, as clinical expectant management of preeclampsia allows pregnant women with this complication to remain pregnant for potentially weeks depending on the onset and severity. Identifying the risk associated with preeclampsia onset and exposure provides evidence to support the care of high-risk pregnancies and reduce adverse effects on offspring. Objective: This study aimed to fill the knowledge gap by assessing the ASD risk in children associated with the gestational age of preeclampsia onset and the number of days from preeclampsia onset to delivery. Methods: This retrospective population-based clinical cohort study included 364,588 mother-child pairs of singleton births between 2001 and 2014 in a large integrated health care system in Southern California. Maternal social demographic and pregnancy health data, as well as ASD diagnosis in children by the age of 5 years, were extracted from electronic medical records. Cox regression models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) of ASD risk in children associated with gestational age of the first occurrence of preeclampsia and the number of days from first occurrence to delivery. Results: Preeclampsia occurred in 16,205 (4.4%) out of 364,588 pregnancies; among the 16,205 pregnancies, 2727 (16.8%) first occurred at <34 weeks gestation, 4466 (27.6%) first occurred between 34 and 37 weeks, and 9012 (55.6%) first occurred at ≥37 weeks. Median days from preeclampsia onset to delivery were 4 (IQR 2,16) days, 1 (IQR 1,3) day, and 1 (IQR 0,1) day for those first occurring at <34, 34-37, and ≥37 weeks, respectively. Early preeclampsia onset was associated with greater ASD risk (P=.003); HRs were 1.62 (95% CI 1.33-1.98), 1.43 (95% CI 1.20-1.69), and 1.23 (95% CI 1.08-1.41), respectively, for onset at <34, 34-37, and ≥37 weeks, relative to the unexposed group. Within the preeclampsia group, the number of days from preeclampsia onset to delivery was not associated with ASD risk in children; the HR was 0.995 (95% CI 0.986-1.004) after adjusting for gestational age of preeclampsia onset. Conclusions: Preeclampsia during pregnancy was associated with ASD risk in children, and the risk was greater with earlier onset. However, the number of days from first preeclampsia onset to delivery was not associated with ASD risk in children. Our study suggests that ASD risk in children associated with preeclampsia is not increased by expectant management of preeclampsia in standard clinical practice. Our results emphasize the need to identify effective approaches to preventing the onset of preeclampsia, especially during early pregnancy. Further research is needed to confirm if this finding applies across different populations and clinical settings.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology ; Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2369-2960
ISSN (online)	2369-2960
DOI	10.2196/47396
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Article ; Online: Translation and validation of Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Teen in Hong Kong Chinese population [CP QoL-Teen (HK)].

Ngai, Shirley P C / Wong, L Y / Poon, Vitti W K / Poon, Candice Y C / Yiu, Beverley P H / Wong, Teresa P S / Chow, C P

European journal of pediatrics

2023 Volume 182, Issue 4, Page(s) 1719–1730

Abstract: ... of CP QoL-Teen (HK) (self-report: ICC = 0.46-0.8; proxy-report: ICC = 0.40-0.72, p < 0.05). Weak ...

Abstract	Cerebral palsy (CP) is an early onset, non-progressive, neuromotor disorder. Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood when changes in physical and emotional aspects and self-perception occur further imposing an impact to quality of life (QoL) in individuals with CP. Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life (CP QoL) Teen is a questionnaire examining different domains of QoL for adolescents with CP. This study is aimed at translating and validating self-report and proxy-report CP QoL-Teen (HK). Prior approval of translation has been obtained. Forward and backward translations were performed following standardized translation procedures. Participants and their caregivers were asked to complete self-report and proxy-report CP QoL-Teen (HK), and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Concurrent validity was evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation between subscales of CP QoL-Teen (HK) and CHQ as well as expanded and revised version of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS-E&R). Ninety-six participants completed the study. Of these, twenty participants completed CP QoL-Teen (HK) twice. Cronbach's α of CP QoL-Teen (HK) ranged from 0.84 to 0.95 suggesting excellent internal consistency. Moderate to excellent test-retest reliability were demonstrated in all subscales of CP QoL-Teen (HK) (self-report: ICC = 0.46-0.8; proxy-report: ICC = 0.40-0.72, p < 0.05). Weak to moderate association between subscales of CP QoL-Teen (HK) and CHQ (self-report: r Conclusion: This study showed that CP QoL-Teen (HK) has good psychometric properties. It is a valid and reliable tool to assess quality of life of adolescents with CP. What is known: • Cerebral Palsy Quality of life-Teen (CP QoL-Teen) is a validated tool with strong psychometric properties and clinical utility in gauging the QoL in adolescents with CP during their transition from childhood to adulthood when changes in physical and emotional aspects and self-perception occur. Yet, a locally validated tool is lacking in measuring the QoL for adolescents with CP in Hong Kong. What is new: • The Chinese translated version CP QoL-Teen (HK) is a valid and reliable tool to assess quality of life of adolescents with CP tailoring to the local cultural and social background with good psychometric properties being demonstrated.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Cerebral Palsy ; East Asian People ; Hong Kong ; Psychometrics/methods ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	194196-3
ISSN	1432-1076 ; 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
ISSN (online)	1432-1076
ISSN	0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
DOI	10.1007/s00431-023-04845-0
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