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Article ; Online: Histological evidence of sequential hermaphroditism in Hawaiian sandburrowers Crystallodytes cookei and Limnichthys nitidus

Langston, Ross

Environ Biol Fish. 2023 Jan., v. 106, no. 1 p.61-78

2023

Abstract: ... L. nitidus are most similar to protandrous porgies (family Sparidae). When compared to sex changing ...

Abstract	The Hawaiian sandburrowers Crystallodytes cookei and Limnichthys nitidus were found to be protandrous hermaphrodites based on a histological examination of gonad morphology and development. The majority of individuals of both species (71% and 75%, respectively) had delimited ovotestes in which ovarian and testicular tissue were divided by a connective tissue barrier. In juveniles and functional males, the ovarian and testicular regions were similar in cross-sectional area, whereas in functional females, the testicular portion was absent or greatly reduced. Reproductive females were significantly larger in body size than functional males but did not differ significantly in size with transitionals (individuals which contained both developing ova and visible spermatozoa). The complete absence of functional females at the smallest size ranges suggests that both species are monogynic; all females are derived from previously mature males. The ovotestis morphology and sequence of gonad development present in C. cookei and L. nitidus are most similar to protandrous porgies (family Sparidae). When compared to sex changing species of the closely related genus Trichonotus (family Trichonotidae), the distinct ovotestis morphology (delimited in creediids vs. mixed in Trichonotus) and differing direction of sex change (protandry vs. protogyny) suggest that sex change evolved independently in these taxa.
Keywords	Sparidae ; Trichonotidae ; body size ; fish ; histology ; protandry ; protogyny ; sex reversal ; testes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 61-78.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	196790-3
ISSN	1573-5133 ; 0378-1909
ISSN (online)	1573-5133
ISSN	0378-1909
DOI	10.1007/s10641-022-01373-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Development and characterization of an automated behavioral assessment platform for the Göttingen minipig.

Langston, Jeffrey L / Myers, Todd M

Toxicology letters

2024 Volume 394, Page(s) 128–137

Abstract: The Göttingen minipig is fast becoming the standard for assessing dermal chemical hazards because, like most swine, its skin is predictive of human skin response and because this strain's smaller size makes laboratory manipulations and husbandry easier. ... ...

Abstract	The Göttingen minipig is fast becoming the standard for assessing dermal chemical hazards because, like most swine, its skin is predictive of human skin response and because this strain's smaller size makes laboratory manipulations and husbandry easier. Unfortunately, standard behavioral tests and apparatus have not been developed for behavioral assessments of this swine strain. Indeed, computer-controlled automated behavioral testing procedures are much needed. The present research advanced this goal by producing a home-cage behavioral testing system that could accommodate minipigs of various sizes (ages). An aluminum frame housed three levers for recording operant responses, and LEDs above and below each lever served as discriminative stimuli. A commercially available food pellet dispenser was attached to a specialized pellet receptacle capable of measuring pellet retrieval. Two behavioral tests were selected and adapted from our commonly used non-human primate behavioral assessments: delayed match-to-sample (a memory test) and temporal response differentiation (a time-estimation test). Minipigs were capable of learning both tests and attaining stable performance. Next, scopolamine was used to validate the sensitivity of the behavioral tests for gauging behavioral perturbations in this swine strain. Scopolamine dose-effect functions were comparable to those observed in other species, including non-human primates, wherein 37.5 µg/kg of scopolamine (administered intramuscularly) reduced responding approximately 50%. Thus, we were successful in developing the apparatus and automated operant behavioral tests necessary to characterize drug safety in this swine strain. This capability will be valuable for characterizing chemical agent toxicity as well as the safety and efficacy of medical countermeasures.
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Animals ; Swine, Miniature ; Behavior Rating Scale ; Skin ; Learning ; Scopolamine/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Scopolamine (DL48G20X8X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	433788-8
ISSN	1879-3169 ; 0378-4274
ISSN (online)	1879-3169
ISSN	0378-4274
DOI	10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.02.009
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Article ; Online: Dilemmas of Double Consciousness - On Being Black in Medicine.

Langston, Ayana L

The New England journal of medicine

2021 Volume 384, Issue 21, Page(s) 1978–1979

MeSH term(s)	African Americans ; Female ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Medicine ; Physicians, Women ; Racism/psychology ; Social Justice
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Personal Narrative
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMp2100211
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Article ; Online: Use of haemodiafiltration in the treatment of massive caffeine intoxication in a dog.

Gordon, Daniel S / Langston, Cathy E

Veterinary medicine and science

2023 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 1460–1464

Abstract: ... with 11.25 L of therapy fluid (83% dialysate, 17% replacement fluid), or 1.8 L/kg, was provided over 6 h ...

Abstract	The objective of this case report is to describe the use of extracorporeal therapy, specifically hemodialfiltration, for the treatment of caffeine intoxication. A 12 year old Border Terrier consumed up to 1440 mg/kg of caffeine and rapidly developed clinical signs of tachycardia and tremors. Hemodiafiltration was instituted, using an M60 PrismaFlex cartridge using blood to prime the system due to patient size. Treatment with 11.25 L of therapy fluid (83% dialysate, 17% replacement fluid), or 1.8 L/kg, was provided over 6 h. Pre-treatment serum caffeine concentration of 233 µg/mL was decreased by 89% to 25 µg/nL by the end of treatment. Despite prompt institution of extracorporeal toxin removal therapy, ventricular ectopy developed necessitating sotolol treatment for the following week. Caffeine is efficiently removed via hemodialysis, as predicted by small size, small volume of distribution, and minimal protein binding. A CRRT platform can be used to provide adequate clearance.
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Hemodiafiltration/veterinary ; Caffeine ; Renal Dialysis/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Caffeine (3G6A5W338E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2819409-3
ISSN	2053-1095 ; 2053-1095
ISSN (online)	2053-1095
ISSN	2053-1095
DOI	10.1002/vms3.1147
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Article: Enhanced striatal opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation in L-DOPA-treated dyskinetic monkeys.

Chen, L / Togasaki, D M / Langston, J W / Di Monte, D A / Quik, M

Neuroscience

2005 Volume 132, Issue 2, Page(s) 409–420

Abstract: Long-term l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) treatment in Parkinson's disease leads ... to dyskinesias in the majority of patients. The underlying molecular mechanisms for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias ... administered water or L-DOPA. Subtype-selective opioid receptor G-protein coupling was investigated using ...

Abstract	Long-term l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) treatment in Parkinson's disease leads to dyskinesias in the majority of patients. The underlying molecular mechanisms for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are currently unclear. However, the findings that there are alterations in opioid peptide mRNA and protein expression and that opioid ligands modulate dyskinesias suggest that the opioid system may be involved. To further understand its role in dyskinesias, we mapped opioid receptor-stimulated G-protein activation using [35S]guanylyl-5'-O-(gamma-thio)-triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS) autoradiography in the basal ganglia of normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned squirrel monkeys administered water or L-DOPA. Subtype-selective opioid receptor G-protein coupling was investigated using the mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala, N-Me-Phe, Gly-ol]-enkephalin, delta-agonist SNC80 and kappa-agonist U50488H. Our data show that mu-opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation is significantly enhanced in the basal ganglia and cortex of L-DOPA-treated dyskinetic monkeys, whereas delta- and kappa-receptor-induced increases were limited to only a few regions. A similar pattern of enhancement was observed in both MPTP-lesioned and unlesioned animals with LIDs suggesting the effect was not simply due to a compromised nigrostriatal system. Opioid receptor G-protein coupling was not enhanced in non-dyskinetic L-DOPA-treated animals, or lesioned monkeys not given L-DOPA. The increases in opioid-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding are directly correlated with dyskinesias. The present data demonstrate an enhanced subtype-selective opioid-receptor G-protein coupling in the basal ganglia of monkeys with LIDs. The positive correlation with LIDs suggests this may represent an intracellular signaling mechanism underlying these movement abnormalities.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiparkinson Agents/adverse effects ; Autoradiography/methods ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain ; Corpus Striatum/anatomy & histology ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Dyskinesias/etiology ; Dyskinesias/metabolism ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology ; Levodopa/adverse effects ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Narcotics/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Parkinsonian Disorders/drug therapy ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid/metabolism ; Saimiri ; Sulfur Isotopes/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antiparkinson Agents ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Narcotic Antagonists ; Narcotics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Receptors, Opioid ; Sulfur Isotopes ; Naloxone (36B82AMQ7N) ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) (37589-80-3) ; Levodopa (46627O600J) ; GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	196739-3
ISSN	1873-7544 ; 0306-4522
ISSN (online)	1873-7544
ISSN	0306-4522
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.10.026
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Article ; Online: Successful treatment of a severe 5-hydroxytrytophan intoxication using carbon hemoperfusion, hemodiafiltration, and mechanical ventilation in a dog.

Her, Jiwoong / Gordon, Daniel / Riggs, Alexandra / Venner, Laura / Cooper, Edward / Langston, Catherine

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)

2024 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 186–192

Abstract: ... A total of 46.5 L of blood (4.89 L/kg) was processed during a 4.85-hour treatment. Serial plasma samples ...

Abstract	Objective: To describe the successful use of carbon hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration in combination with mechanical ventilation (MV) to treat a severe intoxication of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in a dog. Case summary: A dog ingested a minimum of 550 mg/kg of extended-release 5-HTP, resulting in serotonin syndrome that progressed to a comatose state and severe hypoventilation requiring MV. Extracorporeal carbon hemoperfusion coupled with hemodiafiltration was performed to remove 5-HTP from this patient. A carbon hemoperfusion cartridge was placed in series upstream in the extracorporeal circuit from the hemodialyzer. A total of 46.5 L of blood (4.89 L/kg) was processed during a 4.85-hour treatment. Serial plasma samples were obtained at 0, 60, 90, and 150 minutes during the session and 14 hours after the session. These samples were later analyzed for 5-HTP and serotonin concentrations. The extraction ratio of 5-HTP was 93.6%-98.9% through the carbon filter. The dog was weaned from MV within 8 hours after extracorporeal therapy and, after a full recovery, was successfully discharged. New or unique information provided: Despite an extensive review of the available literature, this appears to be the first reported case of using a carbon hemoperfusion, hemodiafiltration, and MV to treat severe serotonin syndrome secondary to 5-HTP intoxication in a dog. The combination of carbon hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration can significantly reduce plasma 5-HTP concentrations after acute intoxication and may serve to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with severe intoxication.
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Hemodiafiltration/methods ; Hemodiafiltration/veterinary ; Charcoal ; Carbon ; Hemoperfusion/veterinary ; Hemoperfusion/methods ; Respiration, Artificial/veterinary ; 5-Hydroxytryptophan ; Serotonin Syndrome/veterinary ; Dog Diseases/chemically induced ; Dog Diseases/therapy
Chemical Substances	Charcoal (16291-96-6) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; 5-Hydroxytryptophan (C1LJO185Q9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2077212-9
ISSN	1476-4431 ; 1479-3261
ISSN (online)	1476-4431
ISSN	1479-3261
DOI	10.1111/vec.13368
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Article: The selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U50,488 reduces L-dopa-induced dyskinesias but worsens parkinsonism in MPTP-treated primates.

Cox, Heather / Togasaki, Daniel M / Chen, Li / Langston, J William / Di Monte, Donato A / Quik, Maryka

Experimental neurology

2007 Volume 205, Issue 1, Page(s) 101–107

Abstract: ... the selective kappa-agonist U50,488 in rats with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. Chronic L-dopa ... contralateral to the lesion. U50,488 administration prior to L-dopa treatment reduced these movements by 70 ... Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys were treated with L-dopa (5 mg/kg p.o.) twice daily for 3 weeks to induce ...

Abstract	Several lines of evidence demonstrate that the striatal enkephalinergic system may be involved in the development of LIDs. Preproenkephalin-B (PPE-B) transcript levels are elevated with LIDs and there are also declines in kappa-opioid and other opioid receptors in different regions of the basal ganglia. If reduced kappa-opioid receptors are linked to LIDs, it is possible that drugs that stimulate this subtype may decrease dyskinesias. We therefore initiated experiments to investigate the effect of kappa-opioid receptor activation on LIDs. We first tested the selective kappa-agonist U50,488 in rats with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. Chronic L-dopa treatment induced abnormal involuntary movements, including axial, orolingual and forelimb dyskinesias contralateral to the lesion. U50,488 administration prior to L-dopa treatment reduced these movements by 70%, suggesting that U50,488 has potential as an anti-dyskinetic treatment. We next tested its effect in a parkinsonian nonhuman primate model, which offers the advantage that parkinsonism and LIDs can clearly be differentiated and that the dyskinesias are similar to those in parkinsonian patients. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys were treated with L-dopa (5 mg/kg p.o.) twice daily for 3 weeks to induce dyskinesias. As in the rodent model, U50,488 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg i.m.) decreased LIDs in a dose-dependent fashion. However, the anti-parkinsonian effect of L-dopa was similarly reduced, and side effects developed, including sedation and vomiting. These data suggest that kappa-opioid agonists such as U50,488 may not be clinically useful antidyskinetic agents because they also reverse the anti-parkinsonian effect of l-dopa.
MeSH term(s)	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/administration & dosage ; 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antiparkinson Agents/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dopamine Agents ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/physiopathology ; Female ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology ; Levodopa/antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced ; Parkinsonian Disorders/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists ; Saimiri ; Vomiting/chemically induced
Chemical Substances	Antiparkinson Agents ; Dopamine Agents ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; Levodopa (46627O600J) ; 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer (67198-13-4) ; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (9P21XSP91P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	207148-4
ISSN	1090-2430 ; 0014-4886
ISSN (online)	1090-2430
ISSN	0014-4886
DOI	10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.024
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Article: Evaluation of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch Severity and

Kaur, Navjot / Mehl, Hillary L / Langston, David / Haak, David C

Phytopathology

2024 Volume 114, Issue 1, Page(s) 258–268

Abstract: Parastagonospora ... ...

Abstract	Parastagonospora nodorum
MeSH term(s)	Chromosome Mapping ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Virginia ; Triticum/microbiology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Genetic Variation ; Ascomycota
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO-10-22-0392-R
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Article ; Online: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Standard Nerve Agent Medical Countermeasures in Göttingen Minipigs.

Langston, Jeffrey L / Moffett, Mark C / Pennington, M Ross / Myers, Todd M

Toxicology letters

2024

Abstract: Animal research continues to serve a critical role in the testing and development of medical countermeasures. The Göttingen minipig, developed for laboratory research, may provide many benefits for addressing research questions within chemical defense. ... ...

Abstract	Animal research continues to serve a critical role in the testing and development of medical countermeasures. The Göttingen minipig, developed for laboratory research, may provide many benefits for addressing research questions within chemical defense. Targeted development of the Göttingen minipig model could reduce reliance upon non-human primates, and improve study design, statistical power, and throughput to advance medical countermeasures for regulatory approval and fielding. In this vein, we completed foundational pharmacokinetics and physiological safety studies of intramuscularly administered atropine sulfate, pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM), and diazepam across a broad range of doses (1 to 6 autoinjector equivalent) using adult male Göttingen minipigs (n=11; n=4-8/study) surgically implanted with vascular access ports and telemetric devices to monitor cardiovascular, respiratory, arterial pressure, and temperature signals. Pharmacokinetic data were orderly and the concentration maximum mirrored available human data at comparably scaled doses clearly for atropine, moderately for 2-PAM, and poorly for diazepam. Time to peak concentration approximated 2, 7, and 20minutes for atropine, 2-PAM, and diazepam, respectively, and the elimination half-life of these drugs approximated 2hr (atropine), 3hr (2-PAM), and 8hr (diazepam). Atropine sulfate dose-dependently increased the magnitude and duration of tachycardia and decreased the PR and ST intervals (consistent with findings obtained from other species). Mild hypothermia was observed at the highest diazepam dose. Göttingen minipigs appear to provide a ready and appropriate large animal alternative to non-human primates, and further development and evaluation of novel nerve agent medical countermeasures and treatment strategies in this model are justified.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	433788-8
ISSN	1879-3169 ; 0378-4274
ISSN (online)	1879-3169
ISSN	0378-4274
DOI	10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.014
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Article: Pyruvate Decarboxylase from Zea mays L. : 2. Examination of Hysteretic Kinetics.

Langston-Unkefer, P J / Lee, T C

Plant physiology

2006 Volume 79, Issue 2, Page(s) 436–440

Abstract: A significant lag phase was observed in the accumulation of product for the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) purified from mature maize kernels. The effects of pH, pyruvate, potassium chloride, PDC concentration, and Mg(2+)-thiamine ... ...

Abstract	A significant lag phase was observed in the accumulation of product for the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) purified from mature maize kernels. The effects of pH, pyruvate, potassium chloride, PDC concentration, and Mg(2+)-thiamine pyrophosphate upon this lag and upon the observed cooperativity were investigated. PDC preincubated with Mg(2+)-thiamine pyrophosphate for six days had Michaelis-Menten kinetics, a Hill number of 1, and no apparent lag phase. The degree of saturation of PDC with Mg(2+)-thiamine pyrophosphate appears to have a central role in controlling the lag phase and the degree of cooperativity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208914-2
ISSN	1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
ISSN (online)	1532-2548
ISSN	0032-0889
DOI	10.1104/pp.79.2.436
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