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Article: Immune Responses to SARS-CoV2 Mirror Societal Responses to COVID-19: Identifying Factors Underlying a Successful Viral Response.

Lev-Ari, Shahar / Rolnik, Benjamin / Volovitz, Ilan

2021 Volume 10, Issue 6

Abstract: The adaptive immune system was sculpted to protect individuals, societies, and species since its inception, developing effective strategies to cope with emerging pathogens. Here, we show that similar successful or failed dynamics govern personal and ... ...

Abstract	The adaptive immune system was sculpted to protect individuals, societies, and species since its inception, developing effective strategies to cope with emerging pathogens. Here, we show that similar successful or failed dynamics govern personal and societal responses to a pathogen as SARS-CoV2. Understanding the self-similarity between the health-protective measures taken to protect the individual or the society, help identify critical factors underlying the effectiveness of societal response to a pathogenic challenge. These include (1) the quick employment of adaptive-like, pathogen-specific strategies to cope with the threat including the development of "memory-like responses"; (2) enabling productive coaction and interaction within the society by employing effective decision-making processes; and (3) the quick inhibition of positive feedback loops generated by hazardous or false information. Learning from adaptive anti-pathogen immune responses, policymakers and scientists could reduce the direct damages associated with COVID-19 and avert an avoidable "social cytokine storm" with its ensuing socioeconomic damage.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology10060485
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Article ; Online: Immune Responses to SARS-CoV2 Mirror Societal Responses to COVID-19

Shahar Lev-Ari / Benjamin Rolnik / Ilan Volovitz

Biology, Vol 10, Iss 485, p

Identifying Factors Underlying a Successful Viral Response

2021 Volume 485

Abstract	The adaptive immune system was sculpted to protect individuals, societies, and species since its inception, developing effective strategies to cope with emerging pathogens. Here, we show that similar successful or failed dynamics govern personal and societal responses to a pathogen as SARS-CoV2. Understanding the self-similarity between the health-protective measures taken to protect the individual or the society, help identify critical factors underlying the effectiveness of societal response to a pathogenic challenge. These include (1) the quick employment of adaptive-like, pathogen-specific strategies to cope with the threat including the development of “memory-like responses”; (2) enabling productive coaction and interaction within the society by employing effective decision-making processes; and (3) the quick inhibition of positive feedback loops generated by hazardous or false information. Learning from adaptive anti-pathogen immune responses, policymakers and scientists could reduce the direct damages associated with COVID-19 and avert an avoidable “social cytokine storm” with its ensuing socioeconomic damage.
Keywords	adaptive immune system ; COVID-19 ; social cytokine storm ; biological analogy ; cytokine storm ; pandemic ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Immune Responses to SARS-CoV2 Mirror Societal Responses to COVID-19: Identifying Factors Underlying a Successful Viral Response

Lev-Ari, Shahar / Rolnik, Benjamin / Volovitz, Ilan

Biology. 2021 May 29, v. 10, no. 6

2021

Abstract	The adaptive immune system was sculpted to protect individuals, societies, and species since its inception, developing effective strategies to cope with emerging pathogens. Here, we show that similar successful or failed dynamics govern personal and societal responses to a pathogen as SARS-CoV2. Understanding the self-similarity between the health-protective measures taken to protect the individual or the society, help identify critical factors underlying the effectiveness of societal response to a pathogenic challenge. These include (1) the quick employment of adaptive-like, pathogen-specific strategies to cope with the threat including the development of “memory-like responses”; (2) enabling productive coaction and interaction within the society by employing effective decision-making processes; and (3) the quick inhibition of positive feedback loops generated by hazardous or false information. Learning from adaptive anti-pathogen immune responses, policymakers and scientists could reduce the direct damages associated with COVID-19 and avert an avoidable “social cytokine storm” with its ensuing socioeconomic damage.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; adaptive immunity ; cytokines ; decision making ; pathogens ; society
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0529
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology10060485
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Inhaled corticosteroids as rescue medication in asthma exacerbations in children.

Volovitz, Benjamin

Expert review of clinical immunology

2008 Volume 4, Issue 6, Page(s) 695–702

Abstract: The role of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as rescue medication for asthma exacerbations in children is controversial. ICS have the important potential advantage of direct delivery to the airways, which substantially reduces the risk of the adverse ... ...

Abstract	The role of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as rescue medication for asthma exacerbations in children is controversial. ICS have the important potential advantage of direct delivery to the airways, which substantially reduces the risk of the adverse systemic effects that may be associated with oral corticosteroids. Oral corticosteroids are still preferred for severe attacks. Five randomized, controlled studies performed at home and six performed in the emergency department indicated that ICS are at least as effective as the oral route. Our pediatric out-patient asthma clinic has been using ICS for asthma exacerbations for more than 25 years. The key elements to success are the administration of repetitive doses at least four-times higher than the maintenance dose and parental adherence to the treatment plan. This article reviews the findings in the literature favoring this approach and describes our methodology in detail.
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274260-8
ISSN	1744-8409 ; 1744-666X
ISSN (online)	1744-8409
ISSN	1744-666X
DOI	10.1586/1744666X.4.6.695
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Article ; Online: Management of acute asthma exacerbations in children.

Volovitz, Benjamin

Expert review of respiratory medicine

2008 Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) 607–616

Abstract: The management of acute asthma exacerbations in children remains controversial and the latest guidelines (Expert Panel Report [EPR]-3 2007 and the Global Initiative of Asthma 2008) leave several questions unanswered. This review summarizes the most up-to- ...

Abstract	The management of acute asthma exacerbations in children remains controversial and the latest guidelines (Expert Panel Report [EPR]-3 2007 and the Global Initiative of Asthma 2008) leave several questions unanswered. This review summarizes the most up-to-date information on the practical prevention and control of asthma attacks in children, and describes the 20-year experience of a major tertiary asthma clinic with the administration of inhaled corticosteroids in this setting. The following subjects are discussed: the knowledge and skills required by the parents regarding asthma and its treatment, how to prevent or minimize exacerbations in asthmatic children, the drugs used in the treatment of exacerbations and their order of administration, and the steps to follow after discharge from the emergency department or after a severe asthma exacerbation. The efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of acute asthma exacerbations in children, both at home and in the emergency department, is discussed in detail. The goal of asthma-management programs is to arm parents with the skills and knowledge to prevent, detect and successfully control most exacerbations of asthma in children at home.
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2479146-5
ISSN	1747-6356 ; 1747-6348
ISSN (online)	1747-6356
ISSN	1747-6348
DOI	10.1586/17476348.2.5.607
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Zs.A 6963: Show issues

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Article: Inhaled budesonide in the management of acute worsenings and exacerbations of asthma: a review of the evidence.

Volovitz, Benjamin

Respiratory medicine

2007 Volume 101, Issue 4, Page(s) 685–695

Abstract: The use of systemic corticosteroids, together with bronchodilators and oxygen therapy, has become established for the management of acute asthma. These agents are undoubtedly effective, but are also associated with problems such as metabolic adverse ... ...

Abstract	The use of systemic corticosteroids, together with bronchodilators and oxygen therapy, has become established for the management of acute asthma. These agents are undoubtedly effective, but are also associated with problems such as metabolic adverse effects. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) offer potential benefit in the acute setting because they are delivered directly to the airways. They are also likely to reduce systemic exposure, which would lead in turn to reductions in rates of unwanted systemic effects. In order to evaluate the role of budesonide in the management of acute asthma exacerbations we conducted a review of the literature and critically evaluated the rationale for the use of ICS in general in this setting. Trials in adults and children requiring treatment for acute exacerbation of asthma have shown clinical and/or spirometric benefit for budesonide when delivered via nebulizer, dry powder inhaler, or aerosol in the emergency department, hospital and follow-up settings. The efficacy seems to benefit from high doses given repeatedly during the initial phase of an acute exacerbation. These acute effects are likely to be linked to the drug's distinctive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The current evidence base revealed encouraging results regarding the efficacy of the ICS budesonide in patients with wheeze and acute worsening of asthma. Future studies should focus on the efficacy of these agents in more severe asthma worsenings.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Administration, Inhalation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage ; Bronchodilator Agents/adverse effects ; Budesonide/administration & dosage ; Budesonide/adverse effects ; Child ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Emergencies ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Respiratory Sounds ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Bronchodilator Agents ; Glucocorticoids ; Budesonide (51333-22-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1003348-8
ISSN	1532-3064 ; 0954-6111
ISSN (online)	1532-3064
ISSN	0954-6111
DOI	10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.009
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Article: [Treatment of acute asthma attack in the emergency department].

Volovitz, Benjamin

Harefuah

2003 Volume 142, Issue 11, Page(s) 750–3, 806

Abstract: Although acute asthma is a very common cause of emergency department visits of children and adults, there is not as yet a standardized accepted treatment protocol. The aim of the present review is to describe updated information on the various ... ...

Abstract	Although acute asthma is a very common cause of emergency department visits of children and adults, there is not as yet a standardized accepted treatment protocol. The aim of the present review is to describe updated information on the various medications used for the treatment of acute asthma attack in the emergency department on the basis of published controlled studies. Oxygen is the first treatment the patient needs in order to overcome hypoxemia. Beta-2 agonists should always be given with oxygen in order to prevent the decrease in oxygen saturation due to the increase of blood flow in relatively poor ventilated areas of the lung. With the exception of hypoxemic patients who also need oxygen, the administration of beta-2 agonists using metered-dose inhalers with a holding chamber was found to be as effective as administration with nebulizers, and in some studies, even more effective and safer. Oral prednisolone is the treatment of choice for the most severe asthma exacerbations, given together with oxygen and beta-2 agonists. With the exception of the most severe asthma attacks, high-dose inhaled corticosteroids are at least as effective as oral corticosteroids in controlling moderate-to-severe asthma attacks especially in children. This form of drug delivery is accompanied with less cortisol suppression. Other drugs such as: ipratropium bromide, theophyline or magnesium sulfate do not provide significant additional clinical benefit for the treatment of acute asthma attacks and should not be use routinely.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/therapy ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; Prednisolone (9PHQ9Y1OLM)
Language	Hebrew
Publishing date	2003-11
Publishing country	Israel
Document type	Editorial ; English Abstract
ZDB-ID	953872-0
ISSN	0017-7768
ISSN	0017-7768
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Zs.B 291: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Fas-L promotes the stem cell potency of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells.

Solodeev, Inna / Meilik, Benjamin / Volovitz, Ilan / Sela, Meirav / Manheim, Sharon / Yarkoni, Shai / Zipori, Dov / Gur, Eyal / Shani, Nir

Cell death & disease

2018 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) 695

Abstract: Fas-L is a TNF family member known to trigger cell death. It has recently become evident that Fas-L can transduce also non-apoptotic signals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are derived from various adult tissues. Although MSCs ... ...

Abstract	Fas-L is a TNF family member known to trigger cell death. It has recently become evident that Fas-L can transduce also non-apoptotic signals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are derived from various adult tissues. Although MSCs from different tissues display common properties they also display tissue-specific characteristics. Previous works have demonstrated massive apoptosis following Fas-L treatment of bone marrow-derived MSCs both in vitro and following their administration in vivo. We therefore set to examine Fas-L-induced responses in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Human ASCs were isolated from lipoaspirates and their reactivity to Fas-L treatment was examined. ASCs responded to Fas-L by simultaneous apoptosis and proliferation, which yielded a net doubling of cell quantities and a phenotypic shift, including reduced expression of CD105 and increased expression of CD73, in association with increased bone differentiation potential. Treatment of freshly isolated ASCs led to an increase in large colony forming unit fibroblasts, likely produced by early stem cell progenitor cells. Fas-L-induced apoptosis and proliferation signaling were found to be independent as caspase inhibition attenuated Fas-L-induced apoptosis without impacting proliferation, whereas inhibition of PI3K and MEK, but not of JNK, attenuated Fas-L-dependent proliferation, but not apoptosis. Thus, Fas-L signaling in ASCs leads to their expansion and phenotypic shift toward a more potent stem cell state. We speculate that these reactions ensure the survival of ASC progenitor cells encountering Fas-L-enriched environments during tissue damage and inflammation and may also enhance ASC survival following their administration in vivo.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Bone and Bones/cytology ; Caspase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Fas Ligand Protein/pharmacology ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/drug effects ; Stromal Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antigens, CD ; Caspase Inhibitors ; FASLG protein, human ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-018-0702-y
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Article: Cryopreservation of Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Reduces Their Counts but Not Their Stem Cell Potency.

Solodeev, Inna / Orgil, Matan / Bordeynik-Cohen, Mor / Meilik, Benjamin / Manheim, Sharon / Volovitz, Ilan / Sela, Meirav / Inbal, Amir / Gur, Eyal / Shani, Nir

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open

2019 Volume 7, Issue 7, Page(s) e2321

Abstract: Adipose-derived stem cells are derived from the nonfat component of adipose tissue termed the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The use of freshly isolated autologous SVF cells as an alternative to adult stem cells is becoming more common. Repeated SVF ... ...

Abstract	Adipose-derived stem cells are derived from the nonfat component of adipose tissue termed the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The use of freshly isolated autologous SVF cells as an alternative to adult stem cells is becoming more common. Repeated SVF administration for improved clinical outcomes is complicated by the need for repeated liposuction. This can be overcome by cryopreservation of SVF cells. The current study aimed to assess whether SVF cells retain their stem cell potency during cryopreservation. Methods: SVF cells isolated from lipoaspirates (donor age: 46.1 ± 11.7 y; body mass index: 29.3 ± 4.8 kg/m Results: While cryopreservation reduced the number of viable SVF cells, stem cell potency was preserved, as demonstrated by no significant difference in the proliferation, surface marker expression in culture, bone and fat differentiation capacity, and the number of colony-forming unit fibroblasts in culture, in cryopreserved versus fresh SVF cells. Importantly, reduced cell counts of cryopreserved cells were due, mainly, to a reduction in hematopoietic CD45+ cells, which was accompanied by increased proportions of CD45-CD34+CD31- stem cell progenitor cells compared to fresh SVF cells. Conclusions: Cryopreservation of SVF cells did not affect their in vitro stem cell potency and may therefore enable repeated SVF cell administrations, without the need for repeated liposuction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851682-5
ISSN	2169-7574 ; 2169-7574
ISSN (online)	2169-7574
ISSN	2169-7574
DOI	10.1097/GOX.0000000000002321
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Article: Effect of high starting dose of budesonide inhalation suspension on serum cortisol concentration in young children with recurrent wheezing episodes.

Volovitz, Benjamin / Nussinovitch, Moshe

The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma

2003 Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s) 625–629

Abstract: Introduction: There are no available data on the safety of recommended schedules for the initiation of treatment with budesonide inhalation suspension in children with recurrent wheezing episodes. We compared the safety of high and low starting dose of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: There are no available data on the safety of recommended schedules for the initiation of treatment with budesonide inhalation suspension in children with recurrent wheezing episodes. We compared the safety of high and low starting dose of budesonide by measuring their effect on plasma cortisol concentration. Methods: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled design was used. Twenty-nine children ages 6 months to 3 years were divided into three groups: (1) high starting dose: 1 mg budesonide inhalation suspension twice daily followed by a stepwise decrease of 25% every second day for 8 days (n = 11); (2) low starting dose: 0.25 mg twice daily for 8 days (n = 11); (3) placebo (n = 7). The 8 AM (fasting) and 1-hour post-ACTH stimulation plasma cortisol concentrations were measured before and 10 days after initiation of budesonide treatment. Results: Before treatment and after 8-10 days of treatment, there was no significant difference in mean serum cortisol concentration in the high starting dose, low-dose and placebo groups, either at 8 AM or at 1 hour after ACTH stimulation. Conclusion: The administration of nebulized suspension of budesonide at a high starting dose (2 mg/day for 2 days) followed by a rapid stepwise decrease over 8 days was safe, causing similar changes in serum cortisol levels to low-dose budesonide suspension or placebo.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Inhalation ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage ; Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use ; Budesonide/administration & dosage ; Budesonide/therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Infant ; Male ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Sounds/physiopathology ; Safety ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Bronchodilator Agents ; Budesonide (51333-22-3) ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	603816-5
ISSN	0277-0903
ISSN	0277-0903
DOI	10.1081/jas-120019033
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