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  1. Article ; Online: Application of facial recognition technology on identification of the dead during large scale disasters.

    Khoo, Lay See / Mahmood, Mohd Shah

    Forensic science international. Synergy

    2020  Volume 2, Page(s) 238–239

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 2589-871X ; 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 2589-871X ; 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.07.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Management of unidentified and unclaimed bodies: a comparison of model from four countries in the Asia Pacific Region.

    Khoo, Lay See / Lai, Poh Soon / Siew, Sheue Feng / Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini

    Forensic science, medicine, and pathology

    2023  

    Abstract: Managing mass fatality incidents or disasters involving multiple deaths are not uncommon among forensic practitioners. In fact, management of unidentified or unknown bodies is also a vital component of the day-to-day mortuary work practice. The ... ...

    Abstract Managing mass fatality incidents or disasters involving multiple deaths are not uncommon among forensic practitioners. In fact, management of unidentified or unknown bodies is also a vital component of the day-to-day mortuary work practice. The unidentified and subsequently unclaimed bodies have always been a "silent mass disaster," a problem that needs to be tackled within the forensic community and raises the global issue of ethics, law, and human rights. Unidentified bodies' in Malaysia make up an average of 4.02% of all death cases where a total postmortem examination was performed which is comparable with other developing countries within 4-10% which can go up to 25%. Moreover, unstandardized procedures in all mortuaries in different states and districts in Malaysia have worsened the scenario even with guidelines in place. This study aims to address the issues surrounding unidentified and unclaimed bodies including body disposal from a social and legal perspective using case study methodology by comparing four different countries in the Asia Pacific Region through document analysis and interview methods. One of the major findings is evident in 3 out of the 4 models, whereby there is a considerable gap in consolidating the missing person report and information to match with the unidentified bodies received in forensic institutions in an attempt to enhance the identification process which ultimately intends as a closure for the family members. It is also timely to think out of the box beyond dental records and DNA profiling to improve the identification rate for skeletonized remains through means of anthropology biometrics comparison. With the limited literature published surrounding this domain, it is hoped that the suggestions and recommendations to standardize the management of unidentified and unclaimed bodies can benefit many forensic institutions and public mortuaries in this region.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2195904-3
    ISSN 1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
    ISSN (online) 1556-2891
    ISSN 1547-769X
    DOI 10.1007/s12024-023-00683-6
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  3. Article ; Online: Durability of cling film plastic wrap usage on dead body towards human decomposition changes.

    Khoo, Lay See / Mahmood, Mohd Shah

    Forensic science international. Synergy

    2020  Volume 2, Page(s) 72–75

    Abstract: This study explores the practicability and usability of the cling film plastic wrap on the dead body with decomposition changes, whereby the feasibility of wrapping the remains to ensure the containment of the decomposition fluid within the cling film ... ...

    Abstract This study explores the practicability and usability of the cling film plastic wrap on the dead body with decomposition changes, whereby the feasibility of wrapping the remains to ensure the containment of the decomposition fluid within the cling film plastic wrap. Unknown and unclaimed dead bodies were used. Wrapping and preservation of human remains using the cling film plastic wrap could be the best operational practices for first responders rather than leaving bodies exposed on the disaster site, when the supplies of the cadaver body bags are inadequate. Thinking out of the box, the conventional way of using cadaver body bags to the cling film plastic wrap forms a new perspective in managing the dead and facilitating the human identification needs. New inventive idea of adopting the cling film plastic wrap as means of protecting the dignity of the dead person, could be the way forward in humanitarian forensic action.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 2589-871X ; 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 2589-871X ; 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A dynamic forensic medicine approach: Management of the dead during COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia.

    Khoo, Lay See / Hasmi, Ahmad Hafizam / Mahmood, Mohd Shah / Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini

    Forensic Science International. Reports

    2021  Volume 4, Page(s) 100245

    Abstract: It has been a difficult year ahead since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO). Many countries including Malaysia have struggled to take urgent and aggressive measures to advise, detect, ...

    Abstract It has been a difficult year ahead since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO). Many countries including Malaysia have struggled to take urgent and aggressive measures to advise, detect, screen, test, isolate and treat their citizens in order to fight against the virus. All countries must strike a balance between protecting health, minimizing economic and social disruption and at the same time, preserving human rights which includes managing the dead with dignity and respect. The National Institute of Forensic Medicine (IPFN) Malaysia has been proactively engaging the various agencies involved in a concerted effort to ensure smooth flow in the management of the dead for all COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases since the beginning of the outbreak in February 2020. This is in accordance with all existing guidelines and regulations vis-a-vis infection prevention and control in the country. However, new situations that arise during the pandemic are always challenging and dynamic. The COVID-19 crisis has uncovered a plethora of issues surrounding the margin of the Forensic Medicine fraternity. Therefore, this article highlights various emerging issues encountered by the IPFN and how they are resolved through good leadership to guide and direct operations and activities during the exponential rise of COVID-19 infection in Malaysia. In the provision of the management of the dead, it is of utmost importance to note that the humanitarian aspect needs to be emphasized even in times of an outbreak to give closure to the family and the opportunity to mourn their loved ones.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2665-9107
    ISSN (online) 2665-9107
    DOI 10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Use of thermal drone in detection and assessment of larval mass temperature in decomposed rabbit carcasses.

    Syed Mohd Daud, Sharifah Mastura / Heo, Chong Chin / Mohd Yusof, Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera / Khoo, Lay See / Chainchel Singh, Mansharan Kaur / Mahmood, Mohd Shah / Bin Muhammad Nasir, Muhammad Dzulfiqri / Nawawi, Hapizah

    Journal of forensic sciences

    2024  Volume 69, Issue 2, Page(s) 542–553

    Abstract: Manual ground searches and cadaver dogs are traditional methods for locating remains, but they can be time- and resource-intensive, resulting in the decomposition of bodies and delay in victim identification. Therefore, thermal imaging has been proposed ... ...

    Abstract Manual ground searches and cadaver dogs are traditional methods for locating remains, but they can be time- and resource-intensive, resulting in the decomposition of bodies and delay in victim identification. Therefore, thermal imaging has been proposed as a potentially useful tool for detecting remains based on their temperature. This study investigated the potential of a novel search technique of thermal drones to detect surface remains through the detection of maggot mass temperatures. Two trials were carried out at Selangor, Malaysia, each utilizing 12 healthy male Oryctolagus cuniculus European white rabbits and DJI Matrice 300 RTK drone China, equipped with a thermal camera; Zenmuse H20T to record the thermal imaging footage of the carcasses at various heights (15, 30, 60-100 m) for 14 days for each trial. Our results demonstrated that the larval masses and corresponding heat emissions were at their largest during the active decay stage; therefore, all the carcasses were observable in thermal images on day 5 and remained until day 7. Statistical analyses showed that (1) no statistically significant differences in thermal images between clothed and unclothed subjects (p > 0.05); (2) 15 m above ground level was proven to be the optimal height, as it showed the greatest contrast between the carcass heat signature and the background (p < 0.005). Our data suggested the potential window of detection of thermal signatures was detectable up to 7 days post-deposition. This could be an important guideline for the search and recovery teams for operational implementation in this tropical region.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Male ; Rabbits ; Cadaver ; Larva ; Temperature ; Unmanned Aerial Devices
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219216-0
    ISSN 1556-4029 ; 0022-1198
    ISSN (online) 1556-4029
    ISSN 0022-1198
    DOI 10.1111/1556-4029.15466
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 24: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: A dynamic forensic medicine approach: Management of the dead during COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia

    Khoo, Lay See / Hasmi, Ahmad Hafizam / Mahmood, Mohd Shah / Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini

    Forensic science international. 2021 Nov., v. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: It has been a difficult year ahead since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO). Many countries including Malaysia have struggled to take urgent and aggressive measures to advise, detect, ...

    Abstract It has been a difficult year ahead since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO). Many countries including Malaysia have struggled to take urgent and aggressive measures to advise, detect, screen, test, isolate and treat their citizens in order to fight against the virus. All countries must strike a balance between protecting health, minimizing economic and social disruption and at the same time, preserving human rights which includes managing the dead with dignity and respect. The National Institute of Forensic Medicine (IPFN) Malaysia has been proactively engaging the various agencies involved in a concerted effort to ensure smooth flow in the management of the dead for all COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases since the beginning of the outbreak in February 2020. This is in accordance with all existing guidelines and regulations vis-a-vis infection prevention and control in the country. However, new situations that arise during the pandemic are always challenging and dynamic. The COVID-19 crisis has uncovered a plethora of issues surrounding the margin of the Forensic Medicine fraternity. Therefore, this article highlights various emerging issues encountered by the IPFN and how they are resolved through good leadership to guide and direct operations and activities during the exponential rise of COVID-19 infection in Malaysia. In the provision of the management of the dead, it is of utmost importance to note that the humanitarian aspect needs to be emphasized even in times of an outbreak to give closure to the family and the opportunity to mourn their loved ones.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; World Health Organization ; forensic sciences ; humans ; leadership ; medicine ; pandemic ; viruses ; Malaysia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2665-9107
    DOI 10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100245
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Management of the dead during COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia.

    Khoo, Lay See / Hasmi, Ahmad Hafizam / Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini / Mahmood, Mohd Shah

    Forensic science, medicine, and pathology

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 463–470

    Abstract: The emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans, is affecting all countries of the world and has become a global health concern. Since the virus was first identified in December 2019, the ... ...

    Abstract The emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans, is affecting all countries of the world and has become a global health concern. Since the virus was first identified in December 2019, the number of deaths have been propagating exponentially, causing countries across the world, including Malaysia, to increase emergency measures to combat the virus. Due to the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic does not discriminate its victims, it is of paramount importance to construct a plan for management of the dead for all suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, including the unidentified deceased, as an essential portion of the humanitarian forensic action approach. This document provides an overview on ways to maximize the local collective capacity from various government agencies to manage the dead based on the prevailing regulations and legislation in the country, in preparation for possible large scale deaths from this pandemic. The National Institute of Forensic Medicine Malaysia has improvised procedures and guidelines for management of the dead within the existing regulations in order to achieve a balance between medicolegal requirements and the safety of personnel managing the bodies of the deceased with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection; at the site of death, during transport, during postmortem procedures, storage and preparation before and during burial or cremation as well as environmental cleaning and disinfection, involving various agencies in the country. A form of temporary controlled burial is as an option to allow the reinvestigation of a decedent to help formally identify victims of the pandemic such as undocumented migrants or refugees who were previously not identified. Due to the different legal requirements and mortality rates between countries, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to the management of the dead. Whenever possible, every opportunity and assistance must be given to families to mourn their loved ones, even in times of crisis or an outbreak, in order to sustain an appropriate level of dignity and respect.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Attitude to Death ; Autopsy ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; Burial ; COVID-19 ; Cause of Death ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Cremation ; Female ; Forensic Sciences/organization & administration ; Funeral Rites ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortuary Practice/organization & administration ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2195904-3
    ISSN 1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
    ISSN (online) 1556-2891
    ISSN 1547-769X
    DOI 10.1007/s12024-020-00269-6
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  8. Article ; Online: A dynamic forensic medicine approach

    Lay See Khoo / Ahmad Hafizam Hasmi / Mohd Shah Mahmood / Mohamad Azaini Ibrahim

    Forensic Science International: Reports, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100245- (2021)

    Management of the dead during COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia

    2021  

    Abstract: It has been a difficult year ahead since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO). Many countries including Malaysia have struggled to take urgent and aggressive measures to advise, detect, ...

    Abstract It has been a difficult year ahead since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO). Many countries including Malaysia have struggled to take urgent and aggressive measures to advise, detect, screen, test, isolate and treat their citizens in order to fight against the virus. All countries must strike a balance between protecting health, minimizing economic and social disruption and at the same time, preserving human rights which includes managing the dead with dignity and respect. The National Institute of Forensic Medicine (IPFN) Malaysia has been proactively engaging the various agencies involved in a concerted effort to ensure smooth flow in the management of the dead for all COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases since the beginning of the outbreak in February 2020. This is in accordance with all existing guidelines and regulations vis-a-vis infection prevention and control in the country. However, new situations that arise during the pandemic are always challenging and dynamic. The COVID-19 crisis has uncovered a plethora of issues surrounding the margin of the Forensic Medicine fraternity. Therefore, this article highlights various emerging issues encountered by the IPFN and how they are resolved through good leadership to guide and direct operations and activities during the exponential rise of COVID-19 infection in Malaysia. In the provision of the management of the dead, it is of utmost importance to note that the humanitarian aspect needs to be emphasized even in times of an outbreak to give closure to the family and the opportunity to mourn their loved ones.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; Management of the Dead ; Humanitarian Forensic Action ; Forensic Medicine ; Criminal law and procedure ; K5000-5582
    Subject code 390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: The first case of C4-Blast related death in Malaysia: A multidisciplinary approach illustrated with emphasis on conjoint anthropologic and radiologic expertise in forensic identification of skeletal remains.

    Wong, Yi-Li / Khoo, Lay See / Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini / Mohamad Noor, Mohamad Helmee / Mahmood, Mohd Shah

    Journal of forensic and legal medicine

    2021  Volume 83, Page(s) 102253

    Abstract: Background: Blast related deaths are often shrouded by diagnostic and medicolegal complexities requiring multidisciplinary expertise in order to gauge accurate identification of the victims and document scientific investigations comprehensively. In the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Blast related deaths are often shrouded by diagnostic and medicolegal complexities requiring multidisciplinary expertise in order to gauge accurate identification of the victims and document scientific investigations comprehensively. In the advent of more sophisticated technology, anthropologic methods can now be applied into post mortem imaging interpretation. The traditional imaging roles of characterizing osseous fragmentation, detecting and localizing foreign bodies can be expanded to simulate and support physical anthropologic examination to assist in documentation for court proceedings.
    Case presentation: An assemblage of unidentified, incomplete, highly fragmented skeletal remains were found scattered on a bare area of land in a forest. There was evidence of an explosion given the pattern of scattered evidentiary material of explosive and ballistic nature. Laboratory analysis of white powder found within the explosive material confirmed the presence of high impact C4-explosive trace containing cyclotrimethylene trinitramin [Royal Demolition Explosive (RDX)] & pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). It took meticulous multidisciplinary efforts to confirm the identity of the victim that was marred by the severe fragmentation and skeletalization of the remains. The initial radiologic interpretation focused more on identification of foreign bodies and supporting documentation of fragmentation. With the current availability of post computed tomography (PMCT) in our center, we reexamined the value and potential of PMXR and PMCT as an adjunctive tool for biological profiling.
    Conclusion: This was the first case of C4-blast related death reported in Malaysia. The multidisciplinary approach in efforts to identify the victim may serve as a guide in managing, coordinating and maximizing the expertise of different forensic specialists, with emphasis on anthropologic and radiologic collaboration.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Age Determination by Skeleton ; Blast Injuries ; Body Remains/anatomy & histology ; Body Remains/diagnostic imaging ; Body Remains/injuries ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging ; Bone and Bones/injuries ; Explosive Agents/analysis ; Female ; Forensic Anthropology/methods ; Forensic Sciences/methods ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Radiography ; Sex Determination by Skeleton ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Chemical Substances Explosive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2268721-X
    ISSN 1878-7487 ; 1752-928X
    ISSN (online) 1878-7487
    ISSN 1752-928X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102253
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Management of the dead during COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia

    Khoo, Lay See / Hasmi, Ahmad Hafizam / Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini / Mahmood, Mohd Shah

    Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 463–470

    Keywords Pathology and Forensic Medicine ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2195904-3
    ISSN 1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
    ISSN (online) 1556-2891
    ISSN 1547-769X
    DOI 10.1007/s12024-020-00269-6
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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