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Article: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Embolism

Glazier, Catherine R. / Baciewicz, Frank A.

2024

Abstract: Over the last 20 years, there has been a progressive increase in the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis in the United States, Europe, and Australia. Increased use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography has likely contributed in part to ... ...

Abstract	Over the last 20 years, there has been a progressive increase in the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis in the United States, Europe, and Australia. Increased use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography has likely contributed in part to this rising incidence. However, it is pertinent to note that the burden of comorbidities associated with PE, such as malignancy, obesity, and advanced age, has also increased over the past 20 years. Time-trend analysis in North American, European, and Asian populations suggests that mortality rates associated with PE have been declining. The reported improved survival rates in PE over the past 20 years are likely, at least in part, to be the result of better adherence to guidelines, improved risk stratification, and enhanced treatment. Factors contributing to the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) include stasis of blood, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury, and inflammation. In 70 to 80% of cases of PE, the thrombi embolizes from the proximal deep veins of the lower extremities and pelvis. Strong risk factors for VTE include lower extremity fractures and surgeries, major trauma, and hospitalization within the previous 3 months for acute myocardial infarction or heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Acute PE causes several pathophysiological responses including hypoxemia and right ventricle (RV) failure. The latter is a result of pulmonary artery occlusion and associated vasoconstriction. Hemodynamic compromise from RV failure is the principal cause of poor outcome in patients with acute PE.
Keywords	pulmonary embolism ; thromboembolic disease ; venous thrombosis ; epidemiology ; pathophysiology ; etiology ; risk factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publisher	Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1144390-x
ISSN	1615-5939 ; 1061-1711
ISSN (online)	1615-5939
ISSN	1061-1711
DOI	10.1055/s-0044-1785487
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article: The impact of maternal immune activation on embryonic brain development.

McEwan, Francesca / Glazier, Jocelyn D / Hager, Reinmar

Frontiers in neuroscience

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 1146710

Abstract: The adult brain is a complex structure with distinct functional sub-regions, which are generated from an initial pool of neural epithelial cells within the embryo. This transition requires a number of highly coordinated processes, including neurogenesis, ...

Abstract	The adult brain is a complex structure with distinct functional sub-regions, which are generated from an initial pool of neural epithelial cells within the embryo. This transition requires a number of highly coordinated processes, including neurogenesis, i.e., the generation of neurons, and neuronal migration. These take place during a critical period of development, during which the brain is particularly susceptible to environmental insults. Neurogenesis defects have been associated with the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. However, these disorders have highly complex multifactorial etiologies, and hence the underlying mechanisms leading to aberrant neurogenesis continue to be the focus of a significant research effort and have yet to be established. Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that exposure to maternal infection
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2023.1146710
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Article ; Online: Consistency of gender identity and preferences across time: An exploration among cisgender and transgender children.

Hässler, Tabea / Glazier, Jessica J / Olson, Kristina R

Developmental psychology

2022 Volume 58, Issue 11, Page(s) 2184–2196

Abstract: While considerable research has examined gender development in middle childhood, little longitudinal work has been conducted at this time to indicate whether, for example, youth who show more or less gender conformity at one point continue to do so later. ...

Abstract	While considerable research has examined gender development in middle childhood, little longitudinal work has been conducted at this time to indicate whether, for example, youth who show more or less gender conformity at one point continue to do so later. The present study investigated the consistency of gender identity and preferences for gender-stereotypical toys, clothing, and same-gender peer preferences among groups of transgender youth (
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Transgender Persons ; Gender Identity ; Sexual Behavior ; Peer Group ; Parents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2066223-3
ISSN	1939-0599 ; 0012-1649
ISSN (online)	1939-0599
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0001419
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Article ; Online: Understanding the training, mentorship, and professional development priorities of early career embedded researchers.

Chukwu, Otuto Amarauche / Nadigel, Jessica / Kasaai, Bahar / Boateng, Rhonda / Glazier, Richard H / McMahon, Meghan

The International journal of health planning and management

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Health systems are constantly evolving in response to existing and emerging health challenges and are increasingly adopting the Quintuple Aim to guide transformation and improvement efforts. Addressing health challenges and achieving the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Health systems are constantly evolving in response to existing and emerging health challenges and are increasingly adopting the Quintuple Aim to guide transformation and improvement efforts. Addressing health challenges and achieving the Quintuple Aim (enhancing patient experience, improving healthcare provider experience, promoting population health, optimising the value of healthcare services, and advancing health equity) may be enhanced with the use of a Learning Health Systems approach that fosters the real-time use of data and evidence to inform improvement efforts and harnesses embedded researchers to co-produce timely, relevant evidence to address priorities. Training programs have emerged to build embedded research capacity within health system organisations and have focused predominantly on the postdoctoral career stage, with little attention paid to the early career researcher (ECR) stage. The objective of this study was to understand ECR training and mentorship needs in the embedded research context to inform the creation new or adaptation of existing programs to build embedded ECR capacity. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach to garner insight from embedded and applied scholars and health systems leaders in Canada from various professional backgrounds and at various career stages using a combination of focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and an online survey. Thematic content analysis was used to examine the responses of study participants within the interview themes. Results: Twenty-six (26) participants were included in the study. Results were organised according to four key themes: (1) key competencies and skills needed by embedded ECRs; (2) additional training and capacity development needs; (3) training delivery approaches; and (4) enablers and challenges faced by embedded ECRs. Results highlight the importance of supporting ECRs to develop their leadership and organisational management capabilities; their knowledge of and ability to use research approaches that are well-suited to real-world, complex, evolving environments; and their opportunities to learn with and from each other and mentors. Results underscore the perceived importance of context, including being embedded in a supportive environment that values research and evidence and of academic incentives that recognise and value real-world research impact. The challenges of responding to shifting organisational and system priorities were identified. Additional insights from health systems leaders were also highlighted. Conclusion: This study identified the multifaceted needs of embedded ECRs and the challenges they face within healthcare systems. Designing new programs or tailoring existing ones to address these needs would build their capacity, foster career progression, and ensure their impact as leaders of evidence-informed health system improvement which is crucial for achieving the Quintuple Aim.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632786-2
ISSN	1099-1751 ; 0749-6753
ISSN (online)	1099-1751
ISSN	0749-6753
DOI	10.1002/hpm.3800
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression in a Community Sample of Transgender Youth.

Gibson, Dominic J / Glazier, Jessica J / Olson, Kristina R

JAMA network open

2021 Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) e214739

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Child ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transgender Persons/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4739
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Article ; Online: The association between prejudice toward and essentialist beliefs about transgender people.

Glazier, Jessica J / Gomez, Eric M / Olson, Kristina R

Collabra. Psychology

2021 Volume 7, Issue 1

Abstract: Previous research often suggests that people who endorse more essentialist beliefs about social groups are also likely to show increased prejudice towards members of these social groups, and there is even some evidence to suggest that essentialism may ... ...

Abstract	Previous research often suggests that people who endorse more essentialist beliefs about social groups are also likely to show increased prejudice towards members of these social groups, and there is even some evidence to suggest that essentialism may lead to prejudice and stereotyping. However, there are several notable exceptions to this pattern in that, for certain social groups (e.g., gay men and lesbians), higher essentialism is actually related to lower prejudice. The current studies further explored the relationship between essentialism and prejudice by examining a novel type of essentialism-transgender essentialism (i.e., essentializing transgender identity), and its relationship to prejudice towards transgender people. Study 1 (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2474-7394
ISSN (online)	2474-7394
DOI	10.1525/collabra.25528
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Article: Editing status at the Q/R site of the GluR2 and GluR6 glutamate receptor subunits in the surgically excised hippocampus of patients with refractory epilepsy.

Grigorenko, E V / Bell, W L / Glazier, S / Pons, T / Deadwyler, S

Neuroreport

1997 Volume 9, Issue 10, Page(s) 2219–2224

Abstract: The editing status of mRNA at the Q/R site of the glutamate receptor subunits GluR2 and GluR6 ... of the editing process may be involved in the debilitating effects of epilepsy. The ratio of unedited/edited (Q/R ...

Abstract	The editing status of mRNA at the Q/R site of the glutamate receptor subunits GluR2 and GluR6 modulates channel conductivity and ion selectivity of ionotropic AMPA/KA receptors. Alteration of the editing process may be involved in the debilitating effects of epilepsy. The ratio of unedited/edited (Q/R) forms of GluR2 and GluR6 subunits was examined in conjunction with the expression of two double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminases (DRADA) in surgically excised hippocampus from patients with refractory epilepsy compared with that of control samples. In the majority of patients with long histories of epilepsy, the GluR2 transcript was detected in the completely edited form, however, in two (out of 16 tested) hippocampal samples of young subjects (2 and 10 years old) we were able to identify the unedited transcript of GluR2 subunit. The proportion of unedited fraction of GluR6(Q) subunit was decreased to 9% compared to control human hippocampus. We conclude that the editing process in epileptic specimens is selectively affected by seizure activity in the epileptic focus.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism ; Adult ; Child ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epilepsy/metabolism ; Epilepsy/pathology ; Epilepsy/surgery ; Female ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Hippocampus/surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Editing/genetics ; RNA Editing/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Glutamate/genetics ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/genetics ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Restriction Mapping ; GluK2 Kainate Receptor
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, AMPA ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) ; glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2 (P6W5IXV8V9)
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-04-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1049746-8
ISSN	1473-558X ; 0959-4965
ISSN (online)	1473-558X
ISSN	0959-4965
DOI	10.1097/00001756-199807130-00013
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Article ; Online: Using deep LSD to build operators in GANs latent space with meaning in real space

J. Quetzalcóatl Toledo-Marín / James A. Glazier

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 6

Abstract: Generative models rely on the idea that data can be represented in terms of latent variables which are uncorrelated by definition. Lack of correlation among the latent variable support is important because it suggests that the latent-space manifold is ... ...

Abstract	Generative models rely on the idea that data can be represented in terms of latent variables which are uncorrelated by definition. Lack of correlation among the latent variable support is important because it suggests that the latent-space manifold is simpler to understand and manipulate than the real-space representation. Many types of generative model are used in deep learning, e.g., variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Based on the idea that the latent space behaves like a vector space Radford et al. (2015), we ask whether we can expand the latent space representation of our data elements in terms of an orthonormal basis set. Here we propose a method to build a set of linearly independent vectors in the latent space of a trained GAN, which we call quasi-eigenvectors. These quasi-eigenvectors have two key properties: i) They span the latent space, ii) A set of these quasi-eigenvectors map to each of the labeled features one-to-one. We show that in the case of the MNIST image data set, while the number of dimensions in latent space is large by design, 98% of the data in real space map to a sub-domain of latent space of dimensionality equal to the number of labels. We then show how the quasi-eigenvectors can be used for Latent Spectral Decomposition (LSD). We apply LSD to denoise MNIST images. Finally, using the quasi-eigenvectors, we construct rotation matrices in latent space which map to feature transformations in real space. Overall, from quasi-eigenvectors we gain insight regarding the latent space topology.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Using deep LSD to build operators in GANs latent space with meaning in real space.

J Quetzalcóatl Toledo-Marín / James A Glazier

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e

2023 Volume 0287736

Abstract	Generative models rely on the idea that data can be represented in terms of latent variables which are uncorrelated by definition. Lack of correlation among the latent variable support is important because it suggests that the latent-space manifold is simpler to understand and manipulate than the real-space representation. Many types of generative model are used in deep learning, e.g., variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Based on the idea that the latent space behaves like a vector space Radford et al. (2015), we ask whether we can expand the latent space representation of our data elements in terms of an orthonormal basis set. Here we propose a method to build a set of linearly independent vectors in the latent space of a trained GAN, which we call quasi-eigenvectors. These quasi-eigenvectors have two key properties: i) They span the latent space, ii) A set of these quasi-eigenvectors map to each of the labeled features one-to-one. We show that in the case of the MNIST image data set, while the number of dimensions in latent space is large by design, 98% of the data in real space map to a sub-domain of latent space of dimensionality equal to the number of labels. We then show how the quasi-eigenvectors can be used for Latent Spectral Decomposition (LSD). We apply LSD to denoise MNIST images. Finally, using the quasi-eigenvectors, we construct rotation matrices in latent space which map to feature transformations in real space. Overall, from quasi-eigenvectors we gain insight regarding the latent space topology.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spectroscopic Analysis of a Library of DNA Tension Probes for Mapping Cellular Forces at Fluid Interfaces.

Glazier, Roxanne / Shinde, Pushkar / Ogasawara, Hiroaki / Salaita, Khalid

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2021 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 2145–2164

Abstract: Oligonucleotide-based probes offer the highest spatial resolution, force sensitivity, and molecular specificity for cellular tension sensing and have been developed to measure a variety of molecular forces mediated by individual receptors in T cells, ... ...

Abstract	Oligonucleotide-based probes offer the highest spatial resolution, force sensitivity, and molecular specificity for cellular tension sensing and have been developed to measure a variety of molecular forces mediated by individual receptors in T cells, platelets, fibroblasts, B-cells, and immortalized cancer cell lines. These fluorophore-oligonucleotide conjugate probes are designed with a stem-loop structure that engages cell receptors and reversibly unfolds due to mechanical strain. With the growth of recent work bridging molecular mechanobiology and biomaterials, there is a need for a detailed spectroscopic analysis of DNA tension probes that are used for cellular imaging. In this manuscript, we conducted an analysis of 19 DNA hairpin-based tension probe variants using molecular dynamics simulations, absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence imaging (epifluorescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy). We find that tension probes are highly sensitive to their molecular design, including donor and acceptor proximity and pairing, DNA stem-loop structure, and conjugation chemistry. We demonstrate the impact of these design features using a supported lipid bilayer model of podosome-like adhesions. Finally, we discuss the requirements for tension imaging in various biophysical contexts and offer a series of experimental recommendations, thus providing a guide for the design and application of DNA hairpin-based molecular tension probes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer/methods ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; Integrins/analysis ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oligonucleotide Probes/chemistry ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Tensile Strength
Chemical Substances	Fluorescent Dyes ; Integrins ; Lipid Bilayers ; Oligonucleotide Probes
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.0c09774
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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