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Article ; Online: Impact of E-liquid Packaging on Vaping Product Perceptions Among Youth in England, Canada, and the United States: A Randomized Online Experiment.

Simonavičius, Erikas / East, Katherine / Taylor, Eve / Nottage, Matilda / Reid, Jessica L / Arnott, Deborah / Bunce, Laura / McNeill, Ann / Hammond, David

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2023 Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 370–379

Abstract: Introduction: Vaping is not risk-free but can help those who smoke to reduce harm to health and stop smoking. However, packaging of vaping products, including e-liquids, appeals to youth and might facilitate vaping among nicotine-naïve people. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Vaping is not risk-free but can help those who smoke to reduce harm to health and stop smoking. However, packaging of vaping products, including e-liquids, appeals to youth and might facilitate vaping among nicotine-naïve people. Standardized packaging of vaping products could moderate the appeal of vaping among youth. This study assessed how youth interest in trying and perceived health harms of using e-liquids are associated with branded or standardized (white or olive) e-liquid packaging with different nicotine levels displayed. Aims and methods: A between-subject experiment with three packaging and two nicotine level conditions included youth (n = 13801) aged 16 to 19 from England, Canada, and the United States as a part of a cross-sectional online survey in August-September 2021. Participants' interest in trying and perceived harm of e-liquids were analyzed using logistic and multinomial regressions adjusted for age, sex, race or ethnicity, country, vaping, and smoking status. Results: Compared with branded e-liquid packs, more youth reported no interest in trying e-liquids in white (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.64) or olive (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.47 to 1.80) standardized packs. Compared with branded e-liquid packs, more youth inaccurately perceived e-liquids in white (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.34) or olive (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.41) standardized packs as equally or more harmful than smoking. E-liquid nicotine levels displayed on packs were not associated with youth interest in trying or harm perceptions of using e-liquids. Conclusions: Among 16- to 19-year-old youth from England, Canada, and the United States, standardized packaging of e-liquids was associated with lower interest in trying and higher health risk perceptions. Implications: Branded packaging of vaping products appeal to youth and might prompt nicotine use among those who had never smoked. This study suggests that restricting branding elements on e-liquid packaging is associated with youth's lower interest in trying e-liquids and higher misperceptions that vaping is equally or more harmful than smoking. Standardized packaging might reduce appeal of vaping among youth, but its potential to discourage vaping for harm reduction should also be considered.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; United States ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Nicotine ; Vaping ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Product Packaging ; England ; Tobacco Products ; Canada ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Chemical Substances	Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntad144
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Article ; Online: Association of Fully Branded and Standardized e-Cigarette Packaging With Interest in Trying Products Among Youths and Adults in Great Britain.

Taylor, Eve / Arnott, Deborah / Cheeseman, Hazel / Hammond, David / Reid, Jessica L / McNeill, Ann / Driezen, Pete / East, Katherine

JAMA network open

2023 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) e231799

Abstract: Importance: e-Cigarette vaping among youths and adults has increased in Great Britain. The design of e-cigarette packaging may appeal to youths. Regulations that reduce the appeal of e-cigarettes to youths may deter adult smokers from trying e- ... ...

Abstract	Importance: e-Cigarette vaping among youths and adults has increased in Great Britain. The design of e-cigarette packaging may appeal to youths. Regulations that reduce the appeal of e-cigarettes to youths may deter adult smokers from trying e-cigarettes to help them quit smoking. Objective: To examine the association of fully branded and standardized e-cigarette packaging with interest in trying products among youths and adults in Great Britain. Design, setting, and participants: In this survey study comprising 2 surveys, the online Action on Smoking and Health Smokefree Great Britain survey collected data between March 25 and April 16, 2021, from a representative sample of 2469 youths (aged 11-18 years) and between February 18 and March 18, 2021, from a representative sample of 12 046 adults (aged ≥18 years). Interventions: A between-individuals experimental design was used to examine participants' perceptions of e-cigarette packs that were digitally altered to remove brand imagery and color. Participants were randomly assigned to view a set of 3 e-cigarette packs from 1 of 3 different packaging conditions: (1) fully branded packs (control), (2) white standardized packs with brand name, or (3) green standardized packs with brand name. Main outcomes and measures: Youth participants were asked which product people their age would be most interested in trying, while adult participants were asked which product they would be most interested in trying. All participants could respond "no interest" or "don't know." Logistic regression models tested whether reporting no interest in trying the e-cigarettes differed between the pack conditions. Results: This study included 2469 youths (1286 female youths [52.1%]; mean [SD] age, 15.0 [2.3] years) and 12 046 adults (6412 female [53.2%]; mean [SD] age, 49.9 [17.4] years). Youths had higher odds of reporting no interest among people their age in trying the e-cigarettes packaged in green (292 of 815 [35.8%]; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.71; P = .005) but not white (264 of 826 [32.0%]; AOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.93-1.44; P = .20) standardized packaging compared with the fully branded packaging (238 of 828 [28.7%]). Adults had lower odds of reporting no interest in trying e-cigarettes in green standardized packaging (3505 of 4040 [86.8%]; AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.99; P = .046) but not white packaging (3532 of 4006 [88.2%]; AOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.89-1.23; P = .59) compared with branded packaging (3526 of 4000 [88.1%]). Youths who had never vaped (275 of 699 [39.3%]; AOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.69; P = .01) and youths who had never smoked (271 of 676 [40.1%]; AOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10-1.75; P = .006) were more likely to report no interest in trying e-cigarettes in green packaging compared with branded packaging (224 of 688 [32.6%] never vaping; 216 of 662 [32.6%] never smoking). There were no significant differences by vaping or smoking status among adults. Conclusions and relevance: The findings of this survey study suggest that standardized packaging measures may reduce the appeal of e-cigarettes among youths without reducing their appeal among adults.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; United Kingdom ; Product Packaging ; Tobacco Products ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.1799
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Article ; Online: Contextualizing Cisgender Women's Histories of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization With Men and Women.

McCauley, Heather L / Reid, Taylor A / Anderson, RaeAnn E / Ast, Roxanna / Zelazny, Sarah / Miller, Elizabeth

Violence against women

2023 Volume 29, Issue 15-16, Page(s) 3244–3262

Abstract: Sexual minoritized women (SMW) are more likely than exclusively heterosexual women to experience intimate partner violence (IPV). We conducted in-depth interviews with a clinic-based sample of plurisexual SMW ( ...

Abstract	Sexual minoritized women (SMW) are more likely than exclusively heterosexual women to experience intimate partner violence (IPV). We conducted in-depth interviews with a clinic-based sample of plurisexual SMW (
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Intimate Partner Violence/psychology ; Sexual Behavior/psychology ; Crime Victims ; Heterosexuality ; Gender Identity ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2031375-5
ISSN	1552-8448 ; 1077-8012
ISSN (online)	1552-8448
ISSN	1077-8012
DOI	10.1177/10778012231199110
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Article: Treponema pallidum

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Background: Histologic and serologic studies suggest the induction of local and systemic : Methods: PBMC collected from 67 participants were screened by IFNγ ELISPOT response to : Results: We detected CD4+ T cell responses to : Conclusions: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Histologic and serologic studies suggest the induction of local and systemic Methods: PBMC collected from 67 participants were screened by IFNγ ELISPOT response to Results: We detected CD4+ T cell responses to Conclusions: Tp
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.02.27.581790
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Article ; Online: Pharmacological Interventions for Sialorrhoea in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Naeem, Fariha / Reid, James / Bailey, Matthew / Reid, Amanda / Smyth, Clare / Taylor-Rowan, Martin / Newman, Edward J / Quinn, Terry

Movement disorders clinical practice

2023 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 558–568

Abstract: Background/objectives: Sialorrhoea is a common non motor complication experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its prevalence there is conflicting evidence on how to effectively treat it. Our aim was to establish the efficacy and ... ...

Abstract	Background/objectives: Sialorrhoea is a common non motor complication experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its prevalence there is conflicting evidence on how to effectively treat it. Our aim was to establish the efficacy and safety outcomes of pharmacological interventions used to treat sialorrhoea in people with idiopathic PD. Methods: We registered and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42016042470). We searched seven electronic databases from inception until July 2022. Quantitative synthesis was performed where data allowed using random effects models. Results: From 1374 records we included 13 studies (n = 405 participants). Studies were conducted in Europe, North America and China. There was marked heterogeneity in the interventions used, follow up times and outcome measures investigated. The main source of risk of bias identified was reporting bias. Five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Summary estimates showed administration of botulinum toxin significantly reduced saliva production, improved patient reported functional outcomes and was associated with an increase in adverse events. Conclusion: Sialorrhoea in PD is an important condition, but current data does not allow for strong recommendations on optimal pharmacological treatments. There is significant heterogeneity in outcomes measures used to evaluate the burden of sialorrhoea with lack of consensus on what constitutes clinically meaningful change. More research is required to better understand the underlying mechanism and potential treatments of sialorrhoea in idiopathic PD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2330-1619
ISSN (online)	2330-1619
DOI	10.1002/mdc3.13688
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Article ; Online: Use of 'Elf Bar' among youth and young adults who currently vape in England: cross-sectional associations with demographics, dependence indicators and reasons for use.

East, Katherine / Taylor, Eve V / Simonavičius, Erikas / Reid, Jessica L / Burkhalter, Robin / McNeill, Ann / Hammond, David

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2024

Abstract: Background and aims: Elf Bar is currently the leading e-cigarette (vape) brand in Great Britain. This study examined youth and young adults' use of Elf Bar, socio-demographic characteristics and dependence indicators and reasons for use over other ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Elf Bar is currently the leading e-cigarette (vape) brand in Great Britain. This study examined youth and young adults' use of Elf Bar, socio-demographic characteristics and dependence indicators and reasons for use over other brands. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting and participants: Online 2022 International Tobacco Control Project Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey (N = 1355 16-29-year-olds in England who had vaped in the past 30 days). Measurements: Currently using Elf Bar most often (versus other brands) and associations with: socio-demographics, owning a vaping device, dependence indicators and reasons for brand choice. Logistic regressions were used. Findings: Among 16-29-year-olds who vaped in the past 30 days, 48.4% (n = 732) reported Elf Bar as the brand they used most often. Among 16-17-year-olds, 40.7% used Elf Bar over other brands; this was lower than among 18-19-year-olds (60.1%) and 20-29-year-olds (47.4%) (P ≤ 0.002). Using Elf Bar over other brands was higher among those who were female (55.2 versus 41.5% male), identified as White (53.1 versus 30.9% other/mixed), a student (54.5 versus 44.3% not), did not own a vape (66.7 versus 44.4% who did) and typically vaped 5-8 hours after waking (62.7 versus 36.8% within 5 min) (P ≤ 0.044). Most who vaped but had never smoked used Elf Bar (64.3%), although use did not significantly differ from those who currently (45.4%), formerly (42.3%) or experimentally (48.7%) smoked (all P ≥ 0.060). Popular reasons for choosing Elf Bar over other brands were better flavour/taste (47.5%), less expensive (28.7%), easier to get (26.1%), smoother to inhale (24.0%) and popularity (23.1%). 'Better for quitting smoking' (10.1%) was least frequently selected reason for choosing Elf Bar over other brands. Conclusions: Elf Bar brand e-cigarettes were used by approximately half of 16-29-year-olds who vaped in England in 2022 and was mainly chosen over other brands for subjective responses (e.g. flavour/taste), rather than for quitting smoking.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.16463
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Article: Early detection of malignant and pre-malignant peripheral nerve tumors using cell-free DNA fragmentomics.

Taylor Sundby, R / Szymanski, Jeffrey J / Pan, Alexander / Jones, Paul A / Mahmood, Sana Z / Reid, Olivia H / Srihari, Divya / Armstrong, Amy E / Chamberlain, Stacey / Burgic, Sanita / Weekley, Kara / Murray, Béga / Patel, Sneh / Qaium, Faridi / Lucas, Andrea N / Fagan, Margaret / Dufek, Anne / Meyer, Christian F / Collins, Natalie B /

Pratilas, Christine A / Dombi, Eva / Gross, Andrea M / Kim, AeRang / Chrisinger, John S A / Dehner, Carina A / Widemann, Brigitte C / Hirbe, Angela C / Chaudhuri, Aadel A / Shern, Jack F

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2024

Abstract: Early detection of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) associated peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) informs clinical decision-making, potentially averting deadly outcomes. Here, we describe a cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomic approach which distinguishes ...

Abstract	Early detection of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) associated peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) informs clinical decision-making, potentially averting deadly outcomes. Here, we describe a cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomic approach which distinguishes non-malignant, pre-malignant and malignant forms of NF1 PNST. Using plasma samples from a novel cohort of 101 NF1 patients and 21 healthy controls, we validated that our previous cfDNA copy number alteration (CNA)-based approach identifies malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) but cannot distinguish among benign and premalignant states. We therefore investigated the ability of fragment-based cfDNA features to differentiate NF1-associated tumors including binned genome-wide fragment length ratios, end motif analysis, and non-negative matrix factorization deconvolution of fragment lengths. Fragmentomic methods were able to differentiate pre-malignant states including atypical neurofibromas (AN). Fragmentomics also adjudicated AN cases suspicious for MPNST, correctly diagnosing samples noninvasively, which could have informed clinical management. Overall, this study pioneers the early detection of malignant and premalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in NF1 patients using plasma cfDNA fragmentomics. In addition to screening applications, this novel approach distinguishes atypical neurofibromas from benign plexiform neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, enabling more precise clinical diagnosis and management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.18.24301053
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Article ; Online: Environmental and practice factors associated with children's device-measured physical activity and sedentary time in early childhood education and care centres: a systematic review.

Martin, Anne / Brophy, Rachel / Clarke, Joanne / Hall, Charlotte J S / Jago, Russell / Kipping, Ruth / Reid, Tom / Rigby, Benjamin / Taylor, Hilary / White, James / Simpson, Sharon A

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 84

Abstract: Background: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings offer a potentially cost-effective and sustainable solution for ensuring children have opportunities to meet physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) guidelines. This paper ... ...

Abstract	Background: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings offer a potentially cost-effective and sustainable solution for ensuring children have opportunities to meet physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) guidelines. This paper systematically reviewed the association between childcare environment and practice and children's PA and ST. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched, and citation tracking of eligible studies performed between June-July 2020 (updated March 2022). Studies were eligible when (i) participants attended ECEC settings, (ii) they reported the association between use of outdoor space, including factors of time, availability, play, size and equipment, and children's device-measured PA and ST, and (iii) where applicable, they compared the exposure to use of indoor space. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tools. A synthesis was performed using effect direct plots and charts to visualise effect sizes. Results: Of 1617 reports screened, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies provided data on outdoor versus indoor time (n = 9; 960 children), outdoor versus indoor play (n = 3; 1104 children), outdoor play space (n = 19; 9596 children), outdoor space use external to ECEC (n = 2; 1148 children), and portable (n = 7; 2408 children) and fixed (n = 7; 2451 children) outdoor equipment. Time spent outdoors versus indoors was associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA) and total PA, while the association with ST was inconclusive. The mean (standard deviation) levels of outdoor MVPA (4.0 ± 3.2 to 18.6 ± 5.6 min/h) and LPA (9.9 ± 2.6 to 30.8 ± 11.8 min/h) were low, and ST high (30.0 ± 6.5 to 46.1 ± 4.3 min/h). MVPA levels doubled when children played outdoors versus indoors. Outdoor play space, and outdoor portable equipment, were associated with increased MVPA. A dose-response relationship for outdoor play area size was observed, demonstrating increased MVPA with areas ≥505m Conclusions: ECEC policies and practices should promote not only outdoor time but also the availability of resources such as portable play equipment and sufficient size of outdoor play areas that enable children to be physically active for sustained periods while outdoors. Systematic review registration: International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) Registration Number: CRD42020189886.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Accelerometry ; Child Care ; Exercise/physiology ; Sedentary Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2134691-4
ISSN	1479-5868 ; 1479-5868
ISSN (online)	1479-5868
ISSN	1479-5868
DOI	10.1186/s12966-022-01303-2
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Article ; Online: Multicenter comparison of first salvage chemotherapy versus novel therapy regimens in adult relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Ochs, Madeleine A / Marini, Bernard L / Benitez, Lydia L / Stump, Sarah E / Weis, Taylor M / Buhlinger, Kaitlyn M / Diaz, Thomas / Reid, Justin H / Muluneh, Benyam / Pettit, Kristen / Burke, Patrick / Bixby, Dale L / Perissinotti, Anthony J

Leukemia & lymphoma

2022 Volume 63, Issue 8, Page(s) 1839–1848

Abstract: Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represent a heterogeneous population and therefore there is no standard of care first salvage regimen. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis to compare chemotherapy ( ... ...

Abstract	Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represent a heterogeneous population and therefore there is no standard of care first salvage regimen. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis to compare chemotherapy (e.g. HyperCVAD, MOAD, Larson/CALGB-9511, etc.) to novel agents (blinatumomab or inotuzumab) in first salvage. The primary endpoint, overall survival (OS), was not significantly different among treatment arms, with a median OS of 10.6 months with chemotherapy and 10.1 months with novel therapy (
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Humans ; Inotuzumab Ozogamicin ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Salvage Therapy/methods
Chemical Substances	Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (P93RUU11P7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	1042374-6
ISSN	1029-2403 ; 1042-8194
ISSN (online)	1029-2403
ISSN	1042-8194
DOI	10.1080/10428194.2022.2053530
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Article ; Online: Rapid binding to protofilament edge sites facilitates tip tracking of EB1 at growing microtubule plus-ends.

Gonzalez, Samuel J / Heckel, Julia M / Goldblum, Rebecca R / Reid, Taylor A / McClellan, Mark / Gardner, Melissa K

eLife

2024 Volume 13

Abstract: EB1 is a key cellular protein that delivers regulatory molecules throughout the cell via the tip-tracking of growing microtubule plus-ends. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanism for how EB1 efficiently tracks growing microtubule plus-ends. It ...

Abstract	EB1 is a key cellular protein that delivers regulatory molecules throughout the cell via the tip-tracking of growing microtubule plus-ends. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanism for how EB1 efficiently tracks growing microtubule plus-ends. It is widely accepted that EB1 binds with higher affinity to GTP-tubulin subunits at the growing microtubule tip, relative to GDP-tubulin along the microtubule length. However, it is unclear whether this difference in affinity alone is sufficient to explain the tip-tracking of EB1 at growing microtubule tips. Previously, we found that EB1 binds to exposed microtubule protofilament-edge sites at a ~70 fold faster rate than to closed-lattice sites, due to diffusional steric hindrance to binding. Thus, we asked whether rapid protofilament-edge binding could contribute to efficient EB1 tip tracking. A computational simulation with differential EB1 on-rates based on closed-lattice or protofilament-edge binding, and with EB1 off-rates that were dependent on the tubulin hydrolysis state, robustly recapitulated experimental EB1 tip tracking. To test this model, we used cell-free biophysical assays, as well as live-cell imaging, in combination with a Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) that binds exclusively to protofilament-edge sites, and whose binding site partially overlaps with the EB1 binding site. We found that DARPin blocked EB1 protofilament-edge binding, which led to a decrease in EB1 tip tracking on dynamic microtubules. We conclude that rapid EB1 binding to microtubule protofilament-edge sites contributes to robust EB1 tip tracking at the growing microtubule plus-end.
MeSH term(s)	Tubulin/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Protein Binding
Chemical Substances	Tubulin ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.91719
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