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Article ; Online: Silver-lining in the Time of Mayhem: The Role of Local Governments of Nepal During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Adhikari, Biplov / Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

2020 Volume 58, Issue 231, Page(s) 960–964

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected health systems but also has had deep socio-economic effects. The lockdown enforced in Nepal, had people running out of means to make ends meet, the public in fear of an unknown disease, and challenges for ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected health systems but also has had deep socio-economic effects. The lockdown enforced in Nepal, had people running out of means to make ends meet, the public in fear of an unknown disease, and challenges for leaders to deliver better. Local governments of Nepal, established under the federal system, have the closest ties to the community. They have powers entrusted by the constitution to enact laws according to the needs of the community. During the 83 days of lockdown, the local governments came through for their inhabitants by managing quarantines and isolation centers, taking care of diagnostics, providing food and rations, and arranging facilities to bring back their locals stranded in other cities. The local governments improved awareness and helped maintain the lockdown. These undertakings by the local governments of Nepal highlight the importance of a community-based approach to dealing with pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Local Government ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-22
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209910-4
ISSN	1815-672X ; 0028-2715
ISSN (online)	1815-672X
ISSN	0028-2715
DOI	10.31729/jnma.5262
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The use of telehealth to overcome barriers to mental health services faced by young people from Afro-Caribbean backgrounds in England during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rajgopal, Aditi / Li, C Raymond / Shah, Shahini / Sundar Budhathoki, Shyam

Journal of global health

2021 Volume 11, Page(s) 3040

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Africa/ethnology ; COVID-19 ; Caribbean Region/ethnology ; England ; Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Mental Health Services ; Social Stigma ; Telemedicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2741629-X
ISSN	2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
ISSN (online)	2047-2986
ISSN	2047-2986
DOI	10.7189/jogh.11.03040
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Article ; Online: Silver-lining in the Time of Mayhem

Biplov Adhikari / Shyam Sundar Budhathoki

Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Vol 58, Iss

The Role of Local Governments of Nepal During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 Volume 231

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected health systems but also has had deep socio-economic effects. The lockdown enforced in Nepal, had people running out of means to make ends meet, the public in fear of an unknown disease, and challenges for leaders to deliver better. Local governments of Nepal, established under the federal system, have the closest ties to the community. They have powers entrusted by the constitution to enact laws according to the needs of the community. During the 83 days of lockdown, the local governments came through for their inhabitants by managing quarantines and isolation centers, taking care of diagnostics, providing food and rations, and arranging facilities to bring back their locals stranded in other cities. The local governments improved awareness and helped maintain the lockdown. These undertakings by the local governments of Nepal highlight the importance of a community-based approach to dealing with pandemics.
Keywords	community responses ; COVID-19 ; federalism ; local governments ; Nepal ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nepal Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Barriers and facilitators to the recruitment of disabled people to clinical trials: a scoping review.

Shariq, Sameed / Cardoso Pinto, Alexandra M / Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar / Miller, Marie / Cro, Suzie

Trials

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 171

Abstract: Introduction: Underrepresentation of disabled groups in clinical trials results in an inadequate evidence base for their clinical care, which drives health inequalities. This study aims to review and map the potential barriers and facilitators to the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Underrepresentation of disabled groups in clinical trials results in an inadequate evidence base for their clinical care, which drives health inequalities. This study aims to review and map the potential barriers and facilitators to the recruitment of disabled people in clinical trials to identify knowledge gaps and areas for further extensive research. The review addresses the question: 'What are the barriers and facilitators to recruitment of disabled people to clinical trials?'. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping review guidelines were followed to complete the current scoping review. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched via Ovid. The literature search was guided by a combination of four key concepts from the research question: (1) disabled populations, (2) patient recruitment, (3) barriers and facilitators, and (4) clinical trials. Papers discussing barriers and facilitators of all types were included. Papers that did not have at least one disabled group as their population were excluded. Data on study characteristics and identified barriers and facilitators were extracted. Identified barriers and facilitators were then synthesised according to common themes. Results: The review included 56 eligible papers. The evidence on barriers and facilitators was largely sourced from Short Communications from Researcher Perspectives (N = 22) and Primary Quantitative Research (N = 17). Carer perspectives were rarely represented in articles. The most common disability types for the population of interest in the literature were neurological and psychiatric disabilities. A total of five emergent themes were determined across the barriers and facilitators. These were as follows: risk vs benefit assessment, design and management of recruitment protocol, balancing internal and external validity considerations, consent and ethics, and systemic factors. Conclusions: Both barriers and facilitators were often highly specific to disability type and context. Assumptions should be minimised, and study design should prioritise principles of co-design and be informed by a data-driven assessment of needs for the study population. Person-centred approaches to consent that empower disabled people to exercise their right to choose should be adopted in inclusive practice. Implementing these recommendations stands to improve inclusive practices in clinical trial research, serving to produce a well-rounded and comprehensive evidence base.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Disabled Persons ; Patient Selection ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2040523-6
ISSN	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
ISSN (online)	1745-6215
ISSN	1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
DOI	10.1186/s13063-023-07142-1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Prehypertension and its predictors among older adolescents: A cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal.

Thapa, Jeevan / Sundar Budhathoki, Shyam / Niraula, Surya Raj / Pandey, Sagar / Thakur, Nishant / Pokharel, Paras K

PLOS global public health

2022 Volume 2, Issue 9, Page(s) e0001117

Abstract: Prehypertension is a state of transition between normal blood pressure and hypertension. Adolescent prehypertension is a strong predictor of hypertension in adults and is now considered for cardiovascular intervention or risk reduction. This study was ... ...

Abstract	Prehypertension is a state of transition between normal blood pressure and hypertension. Adolescent prehypertension is a strong predictor of hypertension in adults and is now considered for cardiovascular intervention or risk reduction. This study was conducted among adolescents to assess the burden of pre-hypertension and its predictors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among grade 11 and 12 students in three districts in eastern Nepal namely Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari. Sampling was done using a multistage stratified proportionate random method. A semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPwise approach to the non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) instrument was used as a study tool after modification and pre-testing in addition to the anthropometric and blood pressure measurements by the investigators. The prevalence of prehypertension was assessed along with the identification of its predictors through multivariable binary logistic regression modelling. A total of 806 participants aged 15 to 19 years, with 57.1% female, participated in the study. Prehypertension was found in 20.8% (24.6% in males and 18.0% in females) of the participants, while 7.1% of them were hypertensive (9.2% males and 5.4% females). Obesity and central obesity were seen among 6.3% and 17.7% of the respondents respectively. Age, sex, ethnicity and obesity were found to be significantly associated with prehypertension. A significant proportion of prehypertension was seen among the adolescent population along with a notable presence of risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and eating out. This warrants careful consideration and identification of relevant strategies to reduce the burden of prehypertension via school-based interventions to reduce the modifiable risk factors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0001117
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Reasons for reductions in routine childhood immunisation uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

Cardoso Pinto, Alexandra M / Shariq, Sameed / Ranasinghe, Lasith / Sundar Budhathoki, Shyam / Skirrow, Helen / Whittaker, Elizabeth / Seddon, James A

PLOS global public health

2023 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) e0001415

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a substantial decline in routine immunisation coverage in children globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study summarises the reasons for disruptions to ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a substantial decline in routine immunisation coverage in children globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study summarises the reasons for disruptions to routine child immunisations in LMICs. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021286386) was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Scopus and MedRxiv, on 11/02/2022. Observational and qualitative studies published from January 2020 onwards were included if exploring reasons for missed immunisations during the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. Study appraisal used National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools. Reasons for disruption were defined with descriptive codes; cross-sectional (quantitative) data were summarised as mean percentages of responses weighted by study population, and qualitative data were summarised narratively. A total of thirteen studies were included describing reasons behind disruptions; 7 cross-sectional (quantitative), 5 qualitative and 1 mixed methods. Seventeen reasons for disruptions were identified. In quantitative studies (total respondents = 2,853), the most common reasons identified were fear of COVID-19 and consequential avoidance of health centres (41.2%, SD ±13.3%), followed by transport challenges preventing both families and healthcare professionals from reaching vaccination services (11.1% SD ±16.6%). Most reasons stemmed from reduced healthcare-seeking (83.4%), as opposed to healthcare-delivery issues (15.2%). Qualitative studies showed a more even balance of healthcare-seeking (49.5%) and healthcare-delivery issues (50.5%), with fear of COVID-19 remaining a major identified issue (total respondents = 92). The most common reasons for disruption were parental fear of COVID-19 and avoidance of health services. Health systems must therefore prioritise public health messaging to encourage vaccine uptake and recovery of missed immunisations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0001415
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Challenges of Hospital Oxygen Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Nepal.

Bhatt, Navin / Nepal, Shristi / Pinder, Richard J / Lucero-Prisno, Don Eliseo / Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2022 Volume 106, Issue 4, Page(s) 997–999

Abstract: Oxygen support remains essential for treatment of acute and severe manifestations of COVID-19. In Nepal, like many other low-resource settings, medical oxygen availability was inadequate before the pandemic. The mid-2021 wave of COVID-19 transmission ... ...

Abstract	Oxygen support remains essential for treatment of acute and severe manifestations of COVID-19. In Nepal, like many other low-resource settings, medical oxygen availability was inadequate before the pandemic. The mid-2021 wave of COVID-19 transmission starkly exposed the supply-demand imbalance of medical oxygen across the country. Pre-pandemic, more complex cases were typically referred to hospitals with better resources; however, during the pandemic, these hospitals were overrun. Therefore, resource-poor health facilities have been attempting to provide greater levels of care. However, we are faced with numerous challenges to provide a proper oxygen supply in these health settings. At a logistical level, complex geographies, sparse infrastructure, and inadequate electricity supply pose challenges. On a provider level, a shortage of trained staff and equipment necessary to administer and monitor medical oxygen creates additional pressures. Recognizing the end of the pandemic is still a long way off in many parts of the world, it is imperative that scalable, sustainable approaches to provisioning oxygen to those in greatest need are considered at a policy level.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.21-0669
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Manmade earthquake: the hidden health effects of a blockade-induced fuel crisis in Nepal.

Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar / Gelband, Hellen

BMJ global health

2016 Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) e000116

Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000116
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Reasons for reductions in routine childhood immunisation uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries

Alexandra M Cardoso Pinto / Sameed Shariq / Lasith Ranasinghe / Shyam Sundar Budhathoki / Helen Skirrow / Elizabeth Whittaker / James A Seddon

PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 3, Iss 1, p e

A systematic review.

2023 Volume 0001415

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a substantial decline in routine immunisation coverage in children globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study summarises the reasons for disruptions to routine child immunisations in LMICs. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021286386) was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Scopus and MedRxiv, on 11/02/2022. Observational and qualitative studies published from January 2020 onwards were included if exploring reasons for missed immunisations during the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. Study appraisal used National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools. Reasons for disruption were defined with descriptive codes; cross-sectional (quantitative) data were summarised as mean percentages of responses weighted by study population, and qualitative data were summarised narratively. A total of thirteen studies were included describing reasons behind disruptions; 7 cross-sectional (quantitative), 5 qualitative and 1 mixed methods. Seventeen reasons for disruptions were identified. In quantitative studies (total respondents = 2,853), the most common reasons identified were fear of COVID-19 and consequential avoidance of health centres (41.2%, SD ±13.3%), followed by transport challenges preventing both families and healthcare professionals from reaching vaccination services (11.1% SD ±16.6%). Most reasons stemmed from reduced healthcare-seeking (83.4%), as opposed to healthcare-delivery issues (15.2%). Qualitative studies showed a more even balance of healthcare-seeking (49.5%) and healthcare-delivery issues (50.5%), with fear of COVID-19 remaining a major identified issue (total respondents = 92). The most common reasons for disruption were parental fear of COVID-19 and avoidance of health services. Health systems must therefore prioritise public health messaging to encourage vaccine uptake and recovery of missed ...
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Morbidities, health problems, health care seeking and utilization behaviour among elderly residing on urban areas of eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study.

Poudel, Mukesh / Ojha, Asmita / Thapa, Jeevan / Yadav, Deepak Kumar / Sah, Ram Bilakshan / Chakravartty, Avaniendra / Ghimire, Anup / Sundar Budhathoki, Shyam

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0273101

Abstract: Background: Morbidity increases with age and enhances the burden of health problems that result in new challenges to meet additional demands. In the ageing population, health problems, and health care utilization should be assessed carefully and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Morbidity increases with age and enhances the burden of health problems that result in new challenges to meet additional demands. In the ageing population, health problems, and health care utilization should be assessed carefully and addressed. This study aimed to identify chronic morbidities, health problems, health care seeking behaviour and health care utilization among the elderly. Methods: We conducted a community based, cross-sectional study in urban areas of the Sunsari district using face-to-face interviews. A total of 530 elderly participants were interviewed and selected by a simple proportionate random sampling technique. Results: About half, 48.3%, elderly were suffering from pre-existing chronic morbidities, of which, 30.9% had single morbidity, and 17.4% had multi-morbidities. This study unfurled more than 50.0% prevalence of health ailments like circulatory, digestive, eye, musculoskeletal and psychological problems each representing the burden of 68.7%, 68.3%, 66.2%, 65.8% and 55.7% respectively. Our study also found that 58.7% preferred hospitals as their first contact facility. Despite the preferences, 46.0% reported visiting traditional healers for treatment of their ailments. About 68.1% reported having difficulty seeking health care and 51.1% reported visits to a health care facility within the last 6 months period. The participants with pre-existing morbidity, health insurance, and an economic status above the poverty line were more likely to visit health care facilities. Conclusion: Elderly people had a higher prevalence of health ailments, but unsatisfactory health care seeking and health care utilization behaviour. These need further investigation and attention by the public health system in order to provide appropriate curative and preventive health care to the elderly. There is an urgent need to promote geriatric health services and make them available at the primary health care level, the first level of contact with a national health system.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Morbidity ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0273101
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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