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Article ; Online: Chitosan reduced in-situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles on paper towards fabricating highly sensitive, stable uniform SERS substrates for sensing applications.

Srivastava, Saurabh Kumar / Oggu, Gopi Suresh / Rayaprolu, Anirudh / Adicherla, Harikishana / Rao, Ch Mohan / Bhatnagar, Ira / Asthana, Amit

International journal of biological macromolecules

2023 Volume 239, Page(s) 124240

Abstract: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful surface-sensitive technique for molecular analysis. Its use is limited due to high cost, non-flexible rigid substrates such as silicon, alumina or glass and less reproducibility due to non-uniform ... ...

Abstract	Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful surface-sensitive technique for molecular analysis. Its use is limited due to high cost, non-flexible rigid substrates such as silicon, alumina or glass and less reproducibility due to non-uniform surface. Recently, paper-based SERS substrates, a low-cost and highly flexible alternative, received significant attention. We report here a rapid, inexpensive method for chitosan-reduced, in-situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on paper devices towards direct utilization as SERS substrates. GNPs have been prepared by reducing chloroauric acid with chitosan as a reducing and capping reagent on the cellulose-based paper surface at 100 °C, under the saturated humidity condition (100 % humidity). GNPs thus obtained were uniformly distributed on the surface and had fairly uniform particle size with a diameter of 10 ± 2 nm. Substrate coverage of resulting GNPs directly depended on the precursor's ratio, temperature and reaction time. Techniques such as TEM, SEM, and FE-SEM were utilized to determine the shape, size, and distribution of GNPs on paper substrate. SERS substrate produced by this simple, rapid, reproducible and robust method of chitosan-reduced, in situ synthesis of GNPs, showed exceptional performance and long-term stability, with a detection limit of up to 1 pM concentration of test analyte, R6G. Present paper-based SERS substrates are cost-effective, reproducible, flexible, and suitable for field applications.
MeSH term(s)	Chitosan/chemistry ; Gold/chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods
Chemical Substances	Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Gold (7440-57-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124240
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Article ; Online: A novel method for fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices using BSA-ink.

Walia, Sunil / Bhatnagar, Ira / Liu, Juewen / Mitra, Sushanta K / Asthana, Amit

International journal of biological macromolecules

2021 Volume 193, Issue Pt B, Page(s) 1617–1622

Abstract: This paper describes the fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices using a novel, inexpensive ink composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA), utilizing BSA's thermal denaturation and aggregation to create a hydrophobic barrier on Whatman® Grade 4 ... ...

Abstract	This paper describes the fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices using a novel, inexpensive ink composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA), utilizing BSA's thermal denaturation and aggregation to create a hydrophobic barrier on Whatman® Grade 4 filter paper. A 20% aqueous solution of BSA was inked onto the paper using a pen plotter at moderate speed (5 cm/s) with desired shape and size followed by heating at 80 °C to denature the BSA leading to hydrophobic barriers formation, whereas below 80 °C the barrier layer is prone to collapse. The minimum line gap and line width of ~1 mm and ~1.3 mm were achieved. Finally, a proof-of-concept glucose sensing was shown while addressing the issue of the coffee ring effect using the biopolymer NanoCheck-ATH® from ChitoLytic Inc. The glucose concentration limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.2 mg/mL was estimated. The developed technique offers ease of fabrication, high reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and is environmentally friendly.
MeSH term(s)	Filtration/methods ; Glucose/chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ink ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Limit of Detection ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/methods ; Paper ; Reproducibility of Results ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Serum Albumin, Bovine (27432CM55Q) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.224
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Article ; Online: A child with hypertension and ascitis

Ira Shah / Sushmita Bhatnagar

Journal of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 155-

2016 Volume 157

Abstract: Caroli disease is a rare disorder characterized by congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary tree and may be associated with polycystic kidney disease. Patients usually present with intermittent abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and recurrent ... ...

Abstract	Caroli disease is a rare disorder characterized by congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary tree and may be associated with polycystic kidney disease. Patients usually present with intermittent abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and recurrent cholangitis. Renal failure as a presenting complaint of Caroli disease is rare. We present a child with Caroli disease who presented to us with renal failure.
Keywords	Caroli disease ; cholangitis ; hypertension ; polycystic kidney disease ; renal failure ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Ready-to-use vertical flow paper device for instrument-free room temperature reverse transcription.

Shiju, Thomas Michael / Tripura, Chaturvedula / Saha, Pritam / Mansingh, Arushi / Challa, Venkatapathi / Bhatnagar, Ira / Nagesh, Narayana / Asthana, Amit

New biotechnology

2022 Volume 68, Page(s) 77–86

Abstract: Paper-based nucleic acid detection and diagnosis are currently gaining much interest in point-of-care (POC) applications. The major steps involved in any nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) based diagnostics are nucleic acid isolation, reverse ... ...

Abstract	Paper-based nucleic acid detection and diagnosis are currently gaining much interest in point-of-care (POC) applications. The major steps involved in any nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) based diagnostics are nucleic acid isolation, reverse transcription (RT) (in the case of RNA), amplification and detection. RT is an important step in quantifying the viral load in case of disease diagnosis as well as quantifying gene expression levels in other molecular studies. cDNA synthesis is routinely carried out using a thermal cycler, with the process requiring temperatures between 40ºC to 65ºC. Here we report for the first time an instrument-free RT, performed at room temperature on cellulose-based paper devices. cDNA synthesis on paper was confirmed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing of the PCR products. Purified RNA from varied sources such as cell lysate, tissue and blood were used to test the methodology. Synthetic hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and human blood RNA were used as proof-of-concept to demonstrate the use of these devices in diagnostic applications. Further, ready-to-use paper-based reverse transcription (PRT) devices have been developed, wherein only the RNA sample is added on the device and the cDNA can be eluted after 30 min of incubation at room temperature. The devices were found to be stable for 30 days at - 20ºC storage. The cellulose-based PRT devices are simple, time saving and user-friendly for a complete instrument-free cDNA synthesis at room temperature.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; RNA ; Reverse Transcription ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2400836-9
ISSN	1876-4347 ; 1876-4347
ISSN (online)	1876-4347
ISSN	1876-4347
DOI	10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.001
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Article: Ready-to-use vertical flow paper device for instrument-free room temperature reverse transcription

Shiju, Thomas Michael / Tripura, Chaturvedula / Saha, Pritam / Mansingh, Arushi / Challa, Venkatapathi / Bhatnagar, Ira / Nagesh, Narayana / Asthana, Amit

New biotechnology. 2022 May 25, v. 68

2022

Abstract	Paper-based nucleic acid detection and diagnosis are currently gaining much interest in point-of-care (POC) applications. The major steps involved in any nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) based diagnostics are nucleic acid isolation, reverse transcription (RT) (in the case of RNA), amplification and detection. RT is an important step in quantifying the viral load in case of disease diagnosis as well as quantifying gene expression levels in other molecular studies. cDNA synthesis is routinely carried out using a thermal cycler, with the process requiring temperatures between 40ºC to 65ºC. Here we report for the first time an instrument-free RT, performed at room temperature on cellulose-based paper devices. cDNA synthesis on paper was confirmed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing of the PCR products. Purified RNA from varied sources such as cell lysate, tissue and blood were used to test the methodology. Synthetic hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and human blood RNA were used as proof-of-concept to demonstrate the use of these devices in diagnostic applications. Further, ready-to-use paper-based reverse transcription (PRT) devices have been developed, wherein only the RNA sample is added on the device and the cDNA can be eluted after 30 min of incubation at room temperature. The devices were found to be stable for 30 days at − 20ºC storage. The cellulose-based PRT devices are simple, time saving and user-friendly for a complete instrument-free cDNA synthesis at room temperature.
Keywords	Hepatitis C virus ; RNA ; ambient temperature ; biotechnology ; blood ; diagnostic techniques ; disease diagnosis ; gene amplification ; gene expression ; humans ; point-of-care systems ; reverse transcription ; viral load
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0525
Size	p. 77-86.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2400836-9
ISSN	1876-4347 ; 1871-6784
ISSN (online)	1876-4347
ISSN	1871-6784
DOI	10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.001
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Article: Biliary atresia with cytomegalovirus infection and its response to ganciclovir.

Shah, Ira / Bhatnagar, Sushmita

Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation

2014 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 56–58

MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Biliary Atresia/therapy ; Biliary Atresia/virology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology ; Female ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Ganciclovir (P9G3CKZ4P5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09-26
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605777-9
ISSN	0250-636X
ISSN	0250-636X
DOI	10.7869/tg.169
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Article ; Online: Gliotoxin from Aspergillus fumigatus reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition: implications in renal fibrosis.

Bhatnagar, Ira / Kim, Se-Kwon

International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM

2015 Volume 305, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–19

Abstract: Fibrosis is generally characterized by an excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that progressively leads to the destruction of functional nephrons of the kidney. Current study is aimed to propose a probable antifibrotic ... ...

Abstract	Fibrosis is generally characterized by an excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that progressively leads to the destruction of functional nephrons of the kidney. Current study is aimed to propose a probable antifibrotic mechanism of gliotoxin, isolated from marine Aspergillus fumigatus strain, in proximal tubule renal epithelial cells by inhibiting HIF-1α, Ang-II and NF-κB in a dose dependent manner. GTX at a concentration of 1.6 ng/ml also showed more than 80% cell viability. Scanning Electron Microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, FACS, mRNA and protein profiles further confirmed that gliotoxin reverses the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells by scavenging the production of reactive oxygen species (g=69.7) when compared to negative control (g=467.74). Under the light of obtained results, the present study holds immense promise for the biomedical implication of the fungal metabolite, Gliotoxin in medicine for treating various clinical cases of renal fibrosis.
MeSH term(s)	Aspergillosis/microbiology ; Aspergillosis/pathology ; Aspergillus fumigatus/classification ; Aspergillus fumigatus/genetics ; Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation & purification ; Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Fibrosis/pathology ; Free Radical Scavengers/metabolism ; Gliotoxin/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/pathology ; Mesoderm/drug effects ; Mesoderm/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA, Fungal ; Free Radical Scavengers ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Gliotoxin (67-99-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2006518-8
ISSN	1618-0607 ; 1438-4221
ISSN (online)	1618-0607
ISSN	1438-4221
DOI	10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.09.005
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Article: A novel method for fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices using BSA-ink

Walia, Sunil / Bhatnagar, Ira / Liu, Juewen / Mitra, Sushanta K. / Asthana, Amit

International journal of biological macromolecules. 2021 Dec. 15, v. 193

2021

Abstract	This paper describes the fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices using a novel, inexpensive ink composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA), utilizing BSA's thermal denaturation and aggregation to create a hydrophobic barrier on Whatman® Grade 4 filter paper. A 20% aqueous solution of BSA was inked onto the paper using a pen plotter at moderate speed (5 cm/s) with desired shape and size followed by heating at 80 °C to denature the BSA leading to hydrophobic barriers formation, whereas below 80 °C the barrier layer is prone to collapse. The minimum line gap and line width of ~1 mm and ~1.3 mm were achieved. Finally, a proof-of-concept glucose sensing was shown while addressing the issue of the coffee ring effect using the biopolymer NanoCheck-ATH® from ChitoLytic Inc. The glucose concentration limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.2 mg/mL was estimated. The developed technique offers ease of fabrication, high reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and is environmentally friendly.
Keywords	aqueous solutions ; biopolymers ; bovine serum albumin ; cost effectiveness ; denaturation ; detection limit ; glucose ; hydrophobicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1215
Size	p. 1617-1622.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.224
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Article ; Online: Uncommon associations of Hepatitis A in children

Shefali Parikh / Ira Shah / Sushmita Bhatnagar

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Vol 10, Iss 3, Pp 284-

Acute respiratory distress syndrome and erosive gastritis

2017 Volume 286

Abstract: Hepatitis A is a common cause of acute hepatitis in children and usually has a benign self-limiting course, moreover so in young children. We report two exceptional cases of erosive gastritis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively, as rare ...

Abstract	Hepatitis A is a common cause of acute hepatitis in children and usually has a benign self-limiting course, moreover so in young children. We report two exceptional cases of erosive gastritis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively, as rare associations of hepatitis A in children. Both children were < 5 years of age and eventually recovered.
Keywords	Acute respiratory distress syndrome ; erosive gastritis ; hepatitis A ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae for Bone Tissue Regeneration.

Venkatesan, Jayachandran / Anil, Sukumaran / Rao, Sneha / Bhatnagar, Ira / Kim, Se-Kwon

Current pharmaceutical design

2019 Volume 25, Issue 11, Page(s) 1200–1209

Abstract: Background: Utilization of macroalgae has gained much attention in the field of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food and bioenergy. Macroalgae has been widely consumed in Asian countries as food from ancient days and proved that it has potential ... ...

Abstract	Background: Utilization of macroalgae has gained much attention in the field of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food and bioenergy. Macroalgae has been widely consumed in Asian countries as food from ancient days and proved that it has potential bioactive compounds which are responsible for its nutritional properties. Macroalgae consists of a diverse range of bioactive compounds including proteins, lipids, pigments, polysaccharides, etc. Polysaccharides from macroalgae have been utilized in food industries as gelling agents and drug excipients in the pharmaceutical industries owing to their biocompatibility and gel forming properties. Exploration of macroalgae derived sulfated polysaccharides in biomedical applications is increasing recently. Methods: In the current review, we have provided information of three different sulfated polysaccharides such as carrageenan, fucoidan and ulvan and their isolation procedure (enzymatic precipitation, microwave assisted method, and enzymatic hydrolysis method), structural details, and their biomedical applications exclusively for bone tissue repair and regeneration. Results: From the scientific results on sulfated polysaccharides from macroalgae, we conclude that sulfated polysaccharides have exceptional properties in terms of hydrogel-forming ability, scaffold formation, and mimicking the extracellular matrix, increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, enhancement of biomineralization ability and stem cell differentiation for bone tissue regeneration. Conclusion: Overall, sulfated polysaccharides from macroalgae may be promising biomaterials in bone tissue repair and regeneration.
MeSH term(s)	Asia ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone and Bones ; Carrageenan ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; Seaweed/chemistry ; Sulfates/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Polysaccharides ; Sulfates ; ulvan ; Carrageenan (9000-07-1) ; fucoidan (9072-19-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-29
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/1381612825666190425161630
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