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  1. Article: [Rezension von: Mosley, Paul, The making of economic policy]

    Coats, Alfred W / Mosley, Paul

    Southern economic journal 52 ,3, S. 879-880

    1986  

    Author's details A. W. Coats
    Keywords 40;49 ; Mosley
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
    Publishing place Hoboken, NJ
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 219272x ; 2067038-2
    ISSN 2325-8012 ; 0038-4038
    ISSN (online) 2325-8012
    ISSN 0038-4038
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  2. Article ; Online: The effect of peripheral vascular disease on structure and function of resistance arteries isolated from human skeletal muscle.

    Coats, Paul

    Clinical physiology and functional imaging

    2010  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 192–197

    Abstract: Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is associated with numerous pathophysiological adaptations of the microvasculature. Considering this, active and passive pressure-dependent and pressure-independent mechanisms of vascular control were studied in small ... ...

    Abstract Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is associated with numerous pathophysiological adaptations of the microvasculature. Considering this, active and passive pressure-dependent and pressure-independent mechanisms of vascular control were studied in small resistance arteries isolated from patients with PVD. Using pressure myography and confocal microscopy, human skeletal muscle arteriolar structure and function were compared between paired arteries; one isolated from the healthy non-diseased proximal skeletal muscle vascular bed (PSM, internal control) and the other from the diseased ischaemic part of the leg [distal skeletal muscle (DSM)]. Structurally, arteries isolated from the diseased part of the leg displayed significant atrophy compared with the non-diseased arteries. Functionally, no differences were observed in the fundamental ability small resistance arteries to contract or relax. However, active pressure-dependent myogenic contraction was significantly reduced in DSM arteries compared with PSM arteries. DSM versus PSM; 3 +/- 1% versus 22 +/- 4% and 3.4% +/- 1.1% versus 25 +/- 4% at 80 and 120 mmHg, respectively. Furthermore, structural remodelling in DSM arteries could also be correlated with significant changes in vascular wall mechanics. DSM arteries displayed significantly greater incremental dispensability, wall stress and wall strain compared with PSM arteries as a product of pressure-dependent distension. These alterations in pressure-dependent active myogenic tone and passive mechanical properties goes some way to explain uncontrolled orthostatic-dependent changes in leg fluid volume and oedema formation experienced by these patients.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Vascular Resistance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2071203-0
    ISSN 1475-097X ; 1475-0961
    ISSN (online) 1475-097X
    ISSN 1475-0961
    DOI 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2009.00923.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Desmopressin for patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage taking antiplatelet drugs (DASH): a UK-based, phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre feasibility trial.

    Desborough, Michael J R / Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam / Stanworth, Simon J / Havard, Diane / Woodhouse, Lisa J / Craig, Jennifer / Krishnan, Kailash / Brennan, Paul M / Dineen, Robert A / Coats, Tim J / Hepburn, Trish / Bath, Philip M / Sprigg, Nikola

    The Lancet. Neurology

    2023  Volume 22, Issue 7, Page(s) 557–567

    Abstract: Background: The risk of death from spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage is increased for people taking antiplatelet drugs. We aimed to assess the feasibility of randomising patients on antiplatelet drug therapy with spontaneous intracerebral ... ...

    Abstract Background: The risk of death from spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage is increased for people taking antiplatelet drugs. We aimed to assess the feasibility of randomising patients on antiplatelet drug therapy with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage to desmopressin or placebo to reduce the antiplatelet drug effect.
    Methods: DASH was a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre feasibility trial. Patients were recruited from ten acute stroke centres in the UK and were eligible if they had an intracerebral haemorrhage with stroke symptom onset within 24 h of randomisation, were aged 18 years or older, and were taking an antiplatelet drug. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to a single dose of intravenous desmopressin 20 μg or matching placebo. Treatment allocation was concealed from all staff and patients involved in the trial. The primary outcome was feasibility, which was measured as the number of eligible patients randomised and the proportion of eligible patients approached, and analysis was by intention to treat. The trial was prospectively registered with ISRCTN (reference ISRCTN67038373), and it is closed to recruitment.
    Findings: Between April 1, 2019, and March 31, 2022, 1380 potential participants were screened for eligibility. 176 (13%) participants were potentially eligible, of whom 57 (32%) were approached, and 54 (31%) consented and were subsequently recruited and randomly assigned to receive desmopressin (n=27) or placebo (n=27). The main reason for eligible patients not being recruited was the patient arriving out of hours (74 [61%] of 122 participants). The recruitment rate increased after the enrolment period was extended from 12 h to 24 h, but it was then impaired due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 54 participants included in the analysis (mean age 76·4 years [SD 11·3]), most were male (36 [67%]) and White (50 [93%]). 53 (98%) of 54 participants received all of their allocated treatment (one participant assigned desmopressin only received part of the infusion). No participants were lost to follow-up or withdrew from the trial. Death or dependency on others for daily activities at day 90 (modified Rankin Scale score >4) occurred in six (22%) of 27 participants in the desmopressin group and ten (37%) of 27 participants in the placebo group. Serious adverse events occurred in 12 (44%) participants in the desmopressin group and 13 (48%) participants in the placebo group. The most common adverse events were expansion of the haemorrhagic stroke (four [15%] of 27 participants in the desmopressin group and six [22%] of 27 participants in the placebo group) and pneumonia (one [4%] of 27 participants in the desmopressin group and six [22%] of 27 participants in the placebo group).
    Interpretation: Our results show it is feasible to randomise patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage who are taking antiplatelet drugs to desmopressin or placebo. Our findings support the need for a definitive trial to determine if desmopressin improves outcomes in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage on antiplatelet drug therapy.
    Funding: National Institute for Health Research.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Female ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/adverse effects ; Pandemics ; Feasibility Studies ; COVID-19 ; Treatment Outcome ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Stroke/drug therapy ; United Kingdom ; Double-Blind Method
    Chemical Substances Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin (ENR1LLB0FP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2081241-3
    ISSN 1474-4465 ; 1474-4422
    ISSN (online) 1474-4465
    ISSN 1474-4422
    DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00157-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Biomechanics of the classic metaphyseal lesion: finite element analysis.

    Tsai, Andy / Coats, Brittany / Kleinman, Paul K

    Pediatric radiology

    2017  Volume 47, Issue 12, Page(s) 1622–1630

    Abstract: Background: The classic metaphyseal lesion (CML) is strongly associated with infant abuse, but the biomechanics responsible for this injury have not been rigorously studied. Radiologic and CT-pathological correlates show that the distal tibial CML ... ...

    Abstract Background: The classic metaphyseal lesion (CML) is strongly associated with infant abuse, but the biomechanics responsible for this injury have not been rigorously studied. Radiologic and CT-pathological correlates show that the distal tibial CML always involves the cortex near the subperiosteal bone collar, with variable extension of the fracture into the medullary cavity. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the primary site of bone failure is cortical, rather than intramedullary.
    Objective: This study focuses on the strain patterns generated from finite element modeling to identify loading scenarios and regions of the cortex that are susceptible to bone failure.
    Materials and methods: A geometric model was constructed from a normal 3-month-old infant's distal tibia and fibula. The model's boundary conditions were set to mimic forceful manipulation of the ankle with eight load modalities (tension, compression, internal rotation, external rotation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, valgus bending and varus bending).
    Results: For all modalities except internal and external rotation, simulations showed increased cortical strains near the subperiosteal bone collar. Tension generated the largest magnitude of cortical strain (24%) that was uniformly distributed near the subperiosteal bone collar. Compression generated the same distribution of strain but to a lesser magnitude overall (15%). Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion generated high (22%) and moderate (14%) localized cortical strains, respectively, near the subperiosteal bone collar. Lower cortical strains resulted from valgus bending, varus bending, internal rotation and external rotation (8-10%). The highest valgus and varus bending cortical strains occurred medially.
    Conclusion: These simulations suggest that the likelihood of the initial cortical bone failure of the CML is higher along the margin of the subperiosteal bone collar when the ankle is under tension, compression, valgus bending, varus bending, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, but not under internal and external rotation. Focal cortical strains along the medial margins of the subperiosteal bone collar with varus and valgus bending may explain the known tendency for focal distal tibial CMLs to occur medially. Further research is needed to determine the threshold of applied forces required to produce this strong indicator of infant abuse.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-017-3921-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Medically Historical Obituary. David H. Hubel. Nobel Prize winner in Medicine 1981.

    Coats, David K / Romano, Paul E

    Binocular vision & strabology quarterly, Simms-Romano's

    2013  Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 198–202

    MeSH term(s) History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Medicine ; Nobel Prize ; Sweden ; Visual Cortex
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Historical Article
    ISSN 2160-5904
    ISSN (online) 2160-5904
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Untargeted Metabolic Profiling Cell-Based Approach of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Response to High Glucose and the Effect of the Antioxidant Vitamins D and E.

    Alamri, Abdulwahab / Burzangi, Abdulhadi S / Coats, Paul / Watson, David G

    Metabolites

    2018  Volume 8, Issue 4

    Abstract: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multi-factorial disease characterized by the hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation resulted in alterations of the structure and ... ...

    Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multi-factorial disease characterized by the hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation resulted in alterations of the structure and function of pulmonary arterial walls, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Diabetes mellitus has not yet been implicated in pulmonary hypertension. However, recently, variable studies have shown that diabetes is correlated with pulmonary hypertension pathobiology, which could participate in the modification of pulmonary artery muscles. The metabolomic changes in PASMCs were studied in response to 25 mM of D-glucose (high glucose, or HG) in order to establish a diabetic-like condition in an in vitro setting, and compared to five mM of D-glucose (normal glucose, or LG). The effect of co-culturing these cells with an ideal blood serum concentration of cholecalciferol-D3 and tocopherol was also examined. The current study aimed to examine the role of hyperglycemia in pulmonary arterial hypertension by the quantification and detection of the metabolomic alteration of smooth muscle cells in high-glucose conditions. Untargeted metabolomics was carried out using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell viability and the [³H] thymidine incorporation assay, and the redox state within the cells was examined by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The results demonstrated that PASMCs in high glucose (HG) grew, proliferated faster, and generated higher levels of superoxide anion (O₂·
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662251-8
    ISSN 2218-1989
    ISSN 2218-1989
    DOI 10.3390/metabo8040087
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: EMPOWER: A Multi-Site Pilot Trial to Reduce Distress in Surrogate Decision-Makers in the ICU.

    Lichtenthal, Wendy G / Lief, Lindsay / Rogers, Madeline / Russell, David / Viola, Martin / Winoker, Hillary / Kakarala, Sophia / Traube, Chani / Coats, Taylor / Fadalla, Carol / Roberts, Kailey E / Pavao, Madison / Osso, Francesco / Brewin, Chris R / Pan, Cynthia X / Maciejewski, Paul K / Berlin, David / Pastores, Stephen / Halpern, Neil /
    Vaughan, Susan C / Cox, Christopher E / Prigerson, Holly G

    Journal of pain and symptom management

    2024  

    Abstract: Context: Efforts to reduce the psychological distress of surrogate decision-makers of critically ill patients have had limited success, and some have even exacerbated distress.: Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility, ... ...

    Abstract Context: Efforts to reduce the psychological distress of surrogate decision-makers of critically ill patients have had limited success, and some have even exacerbated distress.
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of EMPOWER (Enhancing and Mobilizing the POtential for Wellness and Resilience), an ultra-brief (∼2-hour), 6-module manualized psychological intervention for surrogates.
    Methods: Surrogates who reported significant anxiety and/or an emotionally close relationship with the patient (n=60) were randomized to receive EMPOWER or enhanced usual care (EUC) at one of three metropolitan hospitals. Participants completed evaluations of EMPOWER's acceptability and measures of psychological distress pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and at 1- and 3-month follow-up assessments.
    Results: Delivery of EMPOWER appeared feasible, with 89% of participants completing all 6 modules, and acceptable, with high ratings of satisfaction (mean=4.5/5, SD = .90). Compared to EUC, intent-to-treat analyses showed EMPOWER was superior at reducing peritraumatic distress (Cohen's d = -0.21, small effect) immediately post-intervention and grief intensity (d = -0.70, medium-large effect), posttraumatic stress (d = -0.74, medium-large effect), experiential avoidance (d = -0.46, medium effect), and depression (d = -0.34, small effect) 3 months post-intervention. Surrogate satisfaction with overall critical care (d = 0.27, small effect) was higher among surrogates randomized to EMPOWER.
    Conclusions: EMPOWER appeared feasible and acceptable, increased surrogates' satisfaction with critical care, and prevented escalation of posttraumatic stress, grief, and depression 3 months later.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639142-4
    ISSN 1873-6513 ; 0885-3924
    ISSN (online) 1873-6513
    ISSN 0885-3924
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2024.03.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Assessing the feasibility and acceptability of online measurements of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in children with preschool wheeze: a pilot study.

    Holden, Karl / Makinde, Misty / Wilde, Michael / Richardson, Matthew / Coats, Tim / Monks, Paul / Gaillard, Erol A

    BMJ paediatrics open

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) e001003

    Abstract: Background: Investigating airway inflammation and pathology in wheezy preschool children is both technically and ethically challenging. Identifying and validating non-invasive tests would be a huge clinical advance. Real-time analysis of exhaled ... ...

    Abstract Background: Investigating airway inflammation and pathology in wheezy preschool children is both technically and ethically challenging. Identifying and validating non-invasive tests would be a huge clinical advance. Real-time analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in adults is established, however, the feasibility of this non-invasive method in young children remains undetermined.
    Aim: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of obtaining breath samples from preschool children by means of real-time mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled VOCs.
    Methods: Breath samples from preschool children were collected and analysed in real time by proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) capturing unique breath profiles. Acetone (mass channel m/z 59) was used as a reference profile to investigate the breath cycle in more detail. Dynamic time warping (DTW) was used to compare VOC profiles from adult breath to those we obtained in preschool children.
    Results: 16 children were recruited in the study, of which eight had acute doctor-diagnosed wheeze (mean (range) age 3.2 (1.9-4.5) years) and eight had no history of wheezing (age 3.3 (2.2-4.1) years). Fully analysable samples were obtained in 11 (68%). DTW was used to ascertain the distance between the time series of mass channel m/z 59 (acetone) and the other 193 channels. Commonality of 12 channels (15, 31, 33, 41, 43, 51, 53, 55, 57, 60, 63 and 77) was established between adult and preschool child samples despite differences in the breathing patterns.
    Conclusion: Real-time measurement of exhaled VOCs by means of PTR-MS is feasible and acceptable in preschool children. Commonality in VOC profiles was found between adult and preschool children.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Breath Tests ; Child, Preschool ; Exhalation ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Volatile Organic Compounds
    Chemical Substances Volatile Organic Compounds
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2399-9772
    ISSN (online) 2399-9772
    DOI 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-001003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Home-Based Palliative Care: Perspectives of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and Their Caregivers.

    Hyden, Karen F / Coats, Heather L / Meek, Paula M

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.)

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) 327–335

    Abstract: Background: Home-based palliative care (HBPC) is an important aspect of care for patients with moderate to advanced stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their caregivers. HBPC provides symptom management, advanced care planning and ...

    Abstract Background: Home-based palliative care (HBPC) is an important aspect of care for patients with moderate to advanced stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their caregivers. HBPC provides symptom management, advanced care planning and goals of care conversations in the home, with the goal of maximizing quality of life and minimizing health care utilization. There is a gap in the knowledge of how the patients with COPD and their caregivers experience HBPC. The overall purpose of this study is to describe which aspects of HBPC were the most meaningful to patients with COPD, and their caregivers.
    Methods: Through a descriptive design with narrative analysis methodology, we interviewed COPD patients and their caregivers to investigate their experience of HBPC received in the 30 days post hospitalization for a COPD exacerbation. A thematic analysis was conducted and the patient and caregiver interviews were analyzed in dyad using thematic analysis.
    Results: A total of 10 dyads were interviewed. Patients and their caregivers perceived 3 times as many facilitators as barriers of receiving home-based palliative care in the 30 days post hospitalization for a COPD exacerbation. The outcomes of this study provide information that describes the aspects of HBPC that patients and their caregivers found most meaningful.
    Conclusion: An understanding of the most meaningful aspects of HBPC from the perspectives of the patients with COPD and their caregivers can be used to inform the development of the best model for HBPC for this patient population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2771715-X
    ISSN 2372-952X
    ISSN 2372-952X
    DOI 10.15326/jcopdf.7.4.2020.0144
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Adventitial ablation technique that permits the assessment of adventitial-dependent contribution to microvascular contractile function.

    Zainalabidin, Satirah / Wadsworth, Roger M / Coats, Paul

    Analytical biochemistry

    2016  Volume 499, Page(s) 71–77

    Abstract: Resistance arteries have been implicated as a major contributing factor in the sequela of disease conditions such as hypertension and diabetes and, as such, are a major focus of cardiovascular research. The paracrine influence of the intimal endothelial ... ...

    Abstract Resistance arteries have been implicated as a major contributing factor in the sequela of disease conditions such as hypertension and diabetes and, as such, are a major focus of cardiovascular research. The paracrine influence of the intimal endothelial layer of resistance arteries is well established. Considering the growing body of evidence substantiating a functionally relevant vascular adventitia, in this study we have established a technique that permits determination of the functional influence of the adventitial layer on resistance artery tone. Isolating adventitial-dependent function, analogous to isolating endothelial function, has potentially significant implications for studying the as yet unexplored role of the microvascular adventitial layer in modulating acute vascular contractile function.
    MeSH term(s) Ablation Techniques ; Adventitia/physiology ; Adventitia/surgery ; Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/surgery ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasoconstriction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1110-1
    ISSN 1096-0309 ; 0003-2697
    ISSN (online) 1096-0309
    ISSN 0003-2697
    DOI 10.1016/j.ab.2016.01.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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