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  1. Article: Temporal patterns of bovine leukemia virus infection in dairy herds in Atlantic Canada.

    John, Emily E / Cameron, Marguerite / Stryhn, Henrik / Keefe, Greg / McClure, J Trenton

    The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne

    2024  Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 488–495

    Abstract: Objective: The primary objective was to determine the youngest age group where bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected dairy animals were identified. The secondary objective was to investigate associations between age-specific management practices and BLV ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The primary objective was to determine the youngest age group where bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected dairy animals were identified. The secondary objective was to investigate associations between age-specific management practices and BLV infection status of different age groups of dairy calves and heifers.
    Procedure: For enrolled herds, BLV status was determined using blood samples from pre-weaned calves, weaned calves, and breeding-age heifers; and bulk tank milk from the adult herd. A questionnaire investigating age-specific management factors was administered for each herd. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to identify management factors associated with the youngest age range in which BLV was identified.
    Results: Fifty-three dairy herds from the 4 provinces in Atlantic Canada were enrolled. Bovine leukemia virus was most commonly earliest identified in pre-weaned heifers (18 herds, 32.1%) and the adult herd (18 herds, 32.1%). Ordinal logistic regression revealed that BLV was first identified in older age groups more often than in younger age groups when herds regrouped weaned heifers at least once, when fly control was used for breeding-age heifers, when herds practiced foot trimming on breeding-age heifers, and when bred heifers were brought in.
    Conclusion: Producers can use results to identify the youngest age group(s) in which BLV is identified and to tailor management strategies to prevent new infections.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine ; Female ; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/epidemiology ; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/virology ; Dairying ; Canada/epidemiology ; Age Factors ; Milk ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 41603-4
    ISSN 0008-5286
    ISSN 0008-5286
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: A scoping review of functional performance and fall risk.

    Washington, Selena E / Cler, Emily / Lowery, Cameron / Stark, Susan L

    Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) e12393

    Abstract: ... to disease staging (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe defined staging criteria) in relation ... electronic databases (e.g., PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, COCHRANE Library, MEDLINE, and PubMed ... outcomes (e.g., activities of daily living, balance, gait, motor control, speech, behavior, and cognition ...

    Abstract Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs in aging adults with Down syndrome (DS) at a higher prevalence and an earlier age than in typical aging adults. As with the general aging adult population, there is an urgent need to understand the preclinical and early phases of AD progression in the adult population with DS. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the current state of the evidence and identify gaps in the literature regarding functional activity performance and falls and their significance to disease staging (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe defined staging criteria) in relation to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in adults with DS.
    Methods: This scoping review included six electronic databases (e.g., PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, COCHRANE Library, MEDLINE, and PubMed). Eligible studies included participants with DS ≥25 years of age, studies with functional measures and/or outcomes (e.g., activities of daily living, balance, gait, motor control, speech, behavior, and cognition; falls; and fall risks), and studies that investigated AD pathology and implications.
    Results: Fourteen eligible studies were included and categorized through a thematic analysis into the following themes: (1) physical activity and motor coordination (PAMC), (2) cognition, (3) behavior, and (4) sleep. The studies indicated how functional activity performance and engagement may contribute to early identification of those at risk of cognitive decline and AD development and/or progression.
    Discussion: There is a need to expand the research regarding ADRD pathology relative to functional outcomes in adults with DS. Functional measures related to disease staging and cognitive impairment are essential to understanding how AD progression is characterized within real-world settings. This scoping review identified the need for additional mixed-methods research to examine the use of assessment and intervention related to function and its detection of cognitive decline and AD progression.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2832891-7
    ISSN 2352-8737 ; 2352-8737
    ISSN (online) 2352-8737
    ISSN 2352-8737
    DOI 10.1002/trc2.12393
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  3. Article ; Online: The Impact of Prescription Drug Coverage on Disparities in Adherence and Medication Use: A Systematic Review.

    Kaplan, Cameron M / Waters, Teresa M / Clear, Emily R / Graves, Elizabeth E / Henderson, Stephanie

    Medical care research and review : MCRR

    2024  Volume 81, Issue 2, Page(s) 87–95

    Abstract: Prescription drug cost-sharing is a barrier to medication adherence, particularly for low-income and minority populations. In this systematic review, we examined the impact of prescription drug cost-sharing and policies to reduce cost-sharing on racial/ ... ...

    Abstract Prescription drug cost-sharing is a barrier to medication adherence, particularly for low-income and minority populations. In this systematic review, we examined the impact of prescription drug cost-sharing and policies to reduce cost-sharing on racial/ethnic and income disparities in medication utilization. We screened 2,145 titles and abstracts and identified 19 peer-reviewed papers that examined the interaction between cost-sharing and racial/ethnic and income disparities in medication adherence or utilization. We found weak but inconsistent evidence that lower cost-sharing is associated with reduced disparities in adherence and utilization, but studies consistently found that significant disparities remained even after adjusting for differences in cost-sharing across individuals. Study designs varied in their ability to measure the causal effect of policy or cost-sharing changes on disparities, and a wide range of policies were examined across studies. Further research is needed to identify the types of policies that are best suited to reduce disparities in medication adherence.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; Prescription Drugs/therapeutic use ; Cost Sharing ; Income ; Racial Groups
    Chemical Substances Prescription Drugs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1232314-7
    ISSN 1552-6801 ; 1077-5587
    ISSN (online) 1552-6801
    ISSN 1077-5587
    DOI 10.1177/10775587231218050
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Variation in the stringency of COVID-19 public health measures on self-reported health, stress, and overall wellbeing in Canada.

    Cameron-Blake, Emily / Annan, Henry / Marro, Leonora / Michaud, David / Sawatzky, Julia / Tatlow, Helen

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 13094

    Abstract: ... which included overall stringency index (SI), and four of its sub-components, i.e., school and business closures ...

    Abstract Evidence is building regarding the association between government implemented public health measures aimed at combating COVID-19 and their impacts on health. This study investigated the relationship between the stringency of public health measures implemented in Canada and self-reported mental health, physical health, stress, and wellbeing among a random sample of 6647 Canadians 18 years of age and older. The analysis was based on self-reported health data from the Canadian Perspectives on Environmental Noise Survey. This data was combined with the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database, which included overall stringency index (SI), and four of its sub-components, i.e., school and business closures, restrictions on gatherings, and stay at home policies. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models indicated that the magnitude of the overall SI was associated with higher or lower odds of reporting worse physical health, mental health, stress and/or overall wellbeing, depending on the measure evaluated. Similarly, policy directed at the four sub-components had varying impacts on the odds of reporting worse health, depending on the sub-component, the strength of the policy restriction, and the health outcome evaluated. The association between the strength of the public health measures and self-reported health, and how this may inform future policy, is discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Self Report ; Canada/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Policy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-39004-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Views, obstacles, and uncertainties around the inclusion of children and young people's time in economic evaluations: Findings from an international survey of health economists.

    Andronis, Lazaros / Morgan, Cameron / Donaldson, Cam / Lancsar, Emily / Petrou, Stavros

    Social science & medicine (1982)

    2023  Volume 333, Page(s) 116179

    Abstract: ... the questionnaire through a series of cognitive interviews, and we e-mailed unique links to the final version ... uncertainties around appropriate practice (e.g., when CYP's time should or should not be included ... in calculations), methodological gaps (e.g., what value to attach to CYP's time), and practical difficulties in measuring displaced ...

    Abstract People's time is a limited resource and, in economic evaluations that adopt a societal perspective, it is important that it is valued and accounted for. Yet, in economic evaluations of interventions for children and young people (CYP), attempts to take into account the opportunity cost of their time are rare. To understand why this is the case, we need to first understand what views health economists hold in relation to CYP time, and what challenges they face in incorporating this in their evaluations. We planned and carried out an international survey of health economists. We used a combination of approaches to identify potential survey respondents (the survey's sampling frame), we developed a questionnaire that sought to capture respondents' views and practice through close- and open-ended questions, we piloted the questionnaire through a series of cognitive interviews, and we e-mailed unique links to the final version of the questionnaire to 1956 individuals in the sampling frame. We analysed data using quantitative (descriptive and inferential statistics) and qualitative (thematic analysis) methods. We received 274 complete responses. Most respondents (87%) believe CYP time should be considered for inclusion in economic evaluations conducted from a societal perspective. However, they identify a number of obstacles to doing so, most prominently uncertainties around appropriate practice (e.g., when CYP's time should or should not be included in calculations), methodological gaps (e.g., what value to attach to CYP's time), and practical difficulties in measuring displaced time in CYP. Reporting on their own practice, most respondents found it challenging to consider CYP time in their studies, and stressed the need for clear guidance on when, and further research on how, to appropriately account for CYP's time in economic evaluations. We offer our views on how to move the topic forwards and make suggestions further research.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Uncertainty
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 4766-1
    ISSN 1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    ISSN (online) 1873-5347
    ISSN 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116179
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: One-year quality-of-life outcomes of cardiac arrest survivors by initial defibrillation provider.

    Haskins, Brian / Nehme, Ziad / Andrew, Emily / Bernard, Stephen / Cameron, Peter / Smith, Karen

    Heart (British Cardiac Society)

    2023  Volume 109, Issue 18, Page(s) 1363–1371

    Abstract: ... telephone interviews. Outcomes were identified using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E), EuroQol-5 Dimension ... 77.0%, p<0.001), upper good recovery (GOS-E=8) (41.7%, 30.4%, 30.6%, p=0.002) and EQ-5D visual ... 80 (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.56, 95% CI 1.15-2.10; p=0.004), good functional recovery (GOS-E ≥7) (AOR 1.53 ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the long-term functional and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors stratified by initial defibrillation provider.
    Methods: This retrospective study included adult non-traumatic OHCA with initial shockable rhythms between 2010 and 2019. Survivors at 12 months after arrest were invited to participate in structured telephone interviews. Outcomes were identified using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E), EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey and living and work status-related questions.
    Results: 6050 patients had initial shockable rhythms, 3211 (53.1%) had a pulse on hospital arrival, while 1879 (31.1%) were discharged alive. Bystander defibrillation using the closest automated external defibrillator had the highest survival rate (52.8%), followed by dispatched first responders (36.7%) and paramedics (27.9%). 1802 (29.8%) patients survived to 12-month postarrest; of these 1520 (84.4%) were interviewed. 1088 (71.6%) were initially shocked by paramedics, 271 (17.8%) by first responders and 161 (10.6%) by bystanders. Bystander-shocked survivors reported higher rates of living at home without care (87.5%, 75.2%, 77.0%, p<0.001), upper good recovery (GOS-E=8) (41.7%, 30.4%, 30.6%, p=0.002) and EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) ≥80 (64.9%, 55.9%, 52.9%, p=0.003) compared with first responder and paramedics, respectively. After adjustment, initial bystander defibrillation was associated with higher odds of EQ-5D VAS ≥80 (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.56, 95% CI 1.15-2.10; p=0.004), good functional recovery (GOS-E ≥7) (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12-2.11; p=0.009), living at home without care (AOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.16-2.71; p=0.009) and returning to work (AOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05-2.81; p=0.031) compared with paramedic defibrillation.
    Conclusion: Survivors receiving initial bystander defibrillation reported better functional and HRQoL outcomes at 12 months after arrest compared with those initially defibrillated by paramedics.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Electric Countershock/adverse effects ; Electric Countershock/methods ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Defibrillators ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Survivors ; Shock
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1303417-0
    ISSN 1468-201X ; 1355-6037
    ISSN (online) 1468-201X
    ISSN 1355-6037
    DOI 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320559
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  7. Article: Treponema pallidum

    Lithgow, Karen V / Tsao, Emily / Schovanek, Ethan / Gomez, Alloysius / Swayne, Leigh Anne / Cameron, Caroline E

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 691731

    Abstract: Treponema ... ...

    Abstract Treponema pallidum
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691731
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  8. Article: Family Factors Associated with Hands-On Play and Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Stienwandt, Shaelyn / Cameron, Emily E / Soderstrom, Melanie / Casar, Mercedes / Le, Cindy / Roos, Leslie E

    Child & youth care forum

    2022  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 1091–1115

    Abstract: Background: Parent-child interactions are crucial for child development. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mental health and increased parenting challenges impacting parent-child functioning.: Objective: This study examined parent factors ...

    Abstract Background: Parent-child interactions are crucial for child development. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mental health and increased parenting challenges impacting parent-child functioning.
    Objective: This study examined parent factors related to more and less enriching child activities during the pandemic through Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems framework.
    Methods: A convenience sample of parents (
    Results: For families with childcare needs, parental anxiety was associated with higher total hands-on play, combined hands-on play, and combined screen time. Families without childcare needs indicated parenting stress was associated with lower total hands-on play and combined hands-on play, and higher supervised screen time. Family structure and indices of socioeconomic status were also predictive of activities across childcare needs and child ages.
    Conclusions: To promote high-quality parent-child interactions and positive developmental outcomes during the pandemic, childcare needs and parent wellbeing should be supported, while evidence-based guidelines for child screen time should be further researched in this context.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1070355-x
    ISSN 1573-3319 ; 1053-1890
    ISSN (online) 1573-3319
    ISSN 1053-1890
    DOI 10.1007/s10566-021-09668-4
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  9. Article ; Online: Changes in Maternal Substance Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Joyce, Kayla M / Cameron, Emily E / Sulymka, Julia / Protudjer, Jennifer L P / Roos, Leslie E

    Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs

    2022  Volume 83, Issue 3, Page(s) 352–357

    Abstract: Objective: Maternal stress and mental health challenges have increased since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began. Experts are concerned about elevated substance use given its well-known association with negative emotions, but existing ...

    Abstract Objective: Maternal stress and mental health challenges have increased since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began. Experts are concerned about elevated substance use given its well-known association with negative emotions, but existing research has not examined substance use among mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a crucial next step to inform policy and service supports given links between maternal substance use and adverse family experiences.
    Method: Data were collected online between April 14 and 28, 2020. A total of 508 mothers (mean age = 34.8 years,
    Results: Of participating mothers, 54.9% did not change, 39.2% increased, and 5.9% decreased their substance use. Findings indicated that mothers with an anxiety disorder or elevated anxiety symptoms were more likely to report increased substance use during the pandemic. Using substances to cope with anxiety, depression, and boredom was elevated among mothers self-reporting increased substance use during the pandemic versus those reporting no change or a decrease in usage. Using substances to cope with anxiety was a risk factor for increased substance use.
    Conclusions: Many mothers have increased their substance use since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results highlight the need to treat maternal anxiety and the importance of teaching mothers coping strategies, other than using substances, to reduce the incidence of increased substance use among mothers and its negative sequelae.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anxiety/psychology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers/psychology ; Pandemics ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2266450-6
    ISSN 1938-4114 ; 1934-2683 ; 1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
    ISSN (online) 1938-4114 ; 1934-2683
    ISSN 1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
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  10. Article ; Online: Effect of a national awareness campaign on ambulance attendances for chest pain and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

    Nehme, Ziad / Cameron, Peter / Nehme, Emily / Finn, Judith / Bosley, Emma / Brink, Deon / Ball, Stephen / Doan, Tan N / Bray, Janet E

    Resuscitation

    2023  Volume 191, Page(s) 109932

    Abstract: Aim: Awareness of heart attack symptoms may enhance health-seeking behaviour and prevent premature deaths from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We sought to investigate the impact of a national awareness campaign on emergency medical service (EMS) ...

    Abstract Aim: Awareness of heart attack symptoms may enhance health-seeking behaviour and prevent premature deaths from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We sought to investigate the impact of a national awareness campaign on emergency medical service (EMS) attendances for chest pain and OHCA.
    Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2017, we included registry data for 97,860 EMS-attended OHCA cases from 3 Australian regions and dispatch data for 1,631,217 EMS attendances for chest pain across 5 Australian regions. Regions were exposed to between 11 and 28 months of television, radio, and print media activity. Multivariable negative binomial models were used to explore the effect of campaign activity on the monthly incidence of EMS attendances for chest pain and OHCA.
    Results: Months with campaign activity were associated with an 8.8% (IRR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.11) increase in the incidence of EMS attendances for chest pain and a 5.6% (IRR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) reduction in OHCA attendances. Larger intervention effects were associated with increasing months of campaign activity, increasing monthly media spending and media exposure in 2013. In stratified analyses of OHCA cases, the largest reduction in incidence during campaign months was observed for unwitnessed arrests (IRR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96), initial non-shockable arrests (IRR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.97) and arrests occurring in private residences (IRR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.98).
    Conclusion: A national awareness campaign targeting knowledge of heart attack symptoms was associated with an increase in EMS use for chest pain and a reduction in OHCA incidence and may serve as an effective primary prevention strategy for OHCA.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ambulances ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/epidemiology ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/diagnosis ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Australia ; Emergency Medical Services ; Myocardial Infarction ; Chest Pain/epidemiology ; Chest Pain/etiology ; Chest Pain/prevention & control ; Registries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 189901-6
    ISSN 1873-1570 ; 0300-9572
    ISSN (online) 1873-1570
    ISSN 0300-9572
    DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109932
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