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Article ; Online: Reply to White and Watson.

Rebelo, Maria / McCarthy, James S / Khoury, David S

2021 Volume 224, Issue 4, Page(s) 739–740

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiaa791
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Article ; Online: Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters.

Khoury, David S / Docken, Steffen S / Subbarao, Kanta / Kent, Stephen J / Davenport, Miles P / Cromer, Deborah

Nature medicine

2023 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 574–578

Abstract: Booster vaccination for the prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is required to overcome loss of protection due to waning immunity and the spread of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Studies have ... ...

Abstract	Booster vaccination for the prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is required to overcome loss of protection due to waning immunity and the spread of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Studies have assessed the ability of existing ancestral-based vaccines as well as novel variant-modified vaccine regimens to boost immunity to different variants, and a crucial question is to assess the relative benefits of these different approaches. Here we aggregate data on neutralization titers from 14 reports (three published papers, eight preprints, two press releases and notes of one advisory committee meeting) comparing booster vaccination with the current ancestral-based vaccines or variant-modified vaccines. Using these data, we compare the immunogenicity of different vaccination regimens and predict the relative protection of booster vaccines under different scenarios. We predict that boosting with ancestral vaccines can markedly enhance protection against both symptomatic and severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses, although variant-modified vaccines may provide additional protection, even if not matched to the circulating variants. This work provides an evidence-based framework to inform choices on future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimens.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1220066-9
ISSN	1546-170X ; 1078-8956
ISSN (online)	1546-170X
ISSN	1078-8956
DOI	10.1038/s41591-023-02228-4
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Article ; Online: Relating In Vitro Neutralization Level and Protection in the CVnCoV (CUREVAC) Trial.

Cromer, Deborah / Reynaldi, Arnold / Steain, Megan / Triccas, James A / Davenport, Miles P / Khoury, David S

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2022 Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) e878–e879

Abstract: The vaccine candidate CVnCoV (CUREVAC) showed surprisingly low efficacy in a recent phase 3 trial compared with other messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. Here we show that the low efficacy follows from the dose used and the presence of severe acute ... ...

Abstract	The vaccine candidate CVnCoV (CUREVAC) showed surprisingly low efficacy in a recent phase 3 trial compared with other messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. Here we show that the low efficacy follows from the dose used and the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and is predicted by the neutralizing antibody response induced by the vaccine.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciac075
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Article ; Online: Resilience of Spanish forests to recent droughts and climate change.

Khoury, Sacha / Coomes, David A

Global change biology

2020 Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 7079–7098

Abstract: A widespread increase in forest cover is underway in northern Mediterranean forests because of land abandonment and decreased wood demand, but the resilience of these successional forests to climate change remains unresolved. Here we use 18-year time ... ...

Abstract	A widespread increase in forest cover is underway in northern Mediterranean forests because of land abandonment and decreased wood demand, but the resilience of these successional forests to climate change remains unresolved. Here we use 18-year time series of canopy greenness derived from satellite imagery (NDVI) to evaluate the impacts of climate change on Spain's forests. Specifically, we analyzed how NDVI was influenced by the climatic water balance (i.e. Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI), using monthly time-series extracted from 3,100 pixels of forest, categorized into ten forest types. The forests increased in leaf area index by 0.01 per year on average (from 1.7 in 2000 to 1.9 in 2017) but there was enormous variation among years related to climatic water balance. Forest types varied in response to drought events: those dominated by drought-avoiding species showed strong covariance between greenness and SPEI, while those dominated by drought-tolerant species showed weak covariance. Native forests usually recovered more than 80% of greenness within the 18 months and the remainder within 5 years, but plantations of Eucalyptus were less resilient. Management to increase the resilience of forests-a key goal of forestry in the Mediterranean region-appears to have had a positive effect: canopy greenness within protected forests was more resilient to drought than within non-protected forests. In conclusion, many of Spain's successional forests have been resilient to drought over the past 18 years, from the perspective of space. Future studies will need to combine remote sensing with field-based analyses of physiological tolerances and mortality processes to understand how Mediterranean forests will respond to the rapid climate change predicted for this region in the coming decades.
MeSH term(s)	Climate Change ; Droughts ; Forestry ; Forests ; Mediterranean Region ; Trees
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15268
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Article ; Online: Predictors and Outcomes of Arrhythmia on Stage I Palliation of Single Ventricle Patients.

Czosek, Richard J / Spar, David S / Anderson, Jeffrey B / Khoury, Philip R / Webster, Gregory

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology

2022 Volume 8, Issue 9, Page(s) 1136–1144

Abstract: Background: Arrhythmias are common in single ventricle patients though their effect on outcomes during stage I palliation (S1P) is unclear.: Objectives: The authors sought to study associated risks for arrhythmia in patients undergoing S1P for single ...

Abstract	Background: Arrhythmias are common in single ventricle patients though their effect on outcomes during stage I palliation (S1P) is unclear. Objectives: The authors sought to study associated risks for arrhythmia in patients undergoing S1P for single ventricle disease and evaluate the outcome of arrhythmias and their treatment strategies on survival. Methods: Retrospective patient, surgical, medication, and arrhythmia data were obtained from the NPC-QIC (National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative) database. Bivariate analysis of variables associated with arrhythmias, as well as those associated with survival, was performed at the time of stage II palliation. Appropriate variables were included in multivariate modeling. Results: Of the 2,048 patients included in the study, 36% had arrhythmia noted during their S1P hospitalization, with supraventricular tachycardia (12%) and focal atrial tachycardia (11%) the most common. At S1P discharge, 11% of patients were on an antiarrhythmic medication. Arrhythmias were associated with lower survival and increased hospital length of stay. Heterotaxy syndrome, younger age at S1P, male sex, and additional anomalies were associated with increased risk of arrhythmia in multivariable modeling (P ≤ 0.01). Arrhythmia and female sex were associated with increased mortality, whereas antiarrhythmic medication and digoxin use were associated with decreased mortality (P ≤ 0.003, model area under the curve = 0.79). The use of antiarrhythmic medications within the subcohort of arrhythmia patients was also associated with decreased risk of mortality (P < 0.0001; odds ratio: 2.0-7.2). Conclusions: Arrhythmias are common during admission for S1P and associated with poor outcomes. The use of antiarrhythmic medications may improve survival, though future studies are needed.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child ; Digoxin ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome/complications ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Digoxin (73K4184T59)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2846739-5
ISSN	2405-5018 ; 2405-500X ; 2405-500X
ISSN (online)	2405-5018 ; 2405-500X
ISSN	2405-500X
DOI	10.1016/j.jacep.2022.06.010
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Article: Absolute Versus Relative Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Pediatric Cardiac Patients.

Iliopoulos, Ilias / Cooper, David S / Reagor, James A / Koh, Wonshill / Goldstein, Bryan H / Khoury, Philip R / Morales, David L S / Batlivala, Sarosh

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

2022 Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 204–212

Abstract: Objectives: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been increasingly accepted as a noninvasive marker of regional tissue oxygenation despite concerns of imprecision and wide limits of agreement (LOA) with invasive oximetry. New generation absolute ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been increasingly accepted as a noninvasive marker of regional tissue oxygenation despite concerns of imprecision and wide limits of agreement (LOA) with invasive oximetry. New generation absolute monitors may have improved accuracy compared with trend monitors. We sought to compare the concordance with invasive venous oximetry of a new generation absolute NIRS-oximeter (FORESIGHT ELITE; CASMED, Branford, CT) with a modern widely used trend monitor (INVOS 5100C; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). Design: Prospective single-center study. Setting: Tertiary pediatric heart center. Patients: Children undergoing elective cardiac catheterization under general anesthesia. Time-paired venous oximetry samples (jugular and renal) were compared with NIRS-derived oximetry by two monitors using regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: We enrolled 36 children (19 female, 10 cyanotic) with median age 4.1 years (25-75%, 2.5-7.8 yr) and weight 16.7 kg (12.3-29.1 kg). The absolute difference between NIRS-derived and invasive jugular oximetry was less than 10% in 67% of occasions for both monitors. Correlation was fair (Spearman rs = 0.40; p = 0.001) for the FORESIGHT ELITE and poor ( rs = 0.06; p = 0.71) for the INVOS 5100C. Bias and LOA were +6.7% (+22%, -9%) versus +1.3% (LOA = +24%, -21%), respectively. The absolute difference between NIRS-derived and invasive renal oximetry was less than 10% in 80% of occasions with moderate correlation ( rs = 0.57; p < 0.001) for the FORESIGHT ELITE and in 61% of occasions with moderate correlation ( rs = 0.58; p < 0.001) for the INVOS 5100C; bias and LOA were +3.6% (+19%, -12%) and -1.4 % (+27%, -30%), respectively. NIRS correlation with renal venous oximetry was worse for cyanotic versus noncyanotic patients ( p = 0.02). Conclusions: Concordance and LOA of NIRS-derived oximetry with invasive venous oximetry in the cerebral and renal vascular beds was suboptimal for clinical decision-making. Cyanosis adversely affected NIRS performance in the renal site.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Oximetry/methods ; Oxygen ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cyanosis
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2052349-X
ISSN	1947-3893 ; 1529-7535
ISSN (online)	1947-3893
ISSN	1529-7535
DOI	10.1097/PCC.0000000000003118
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Article ; Online: "Picking up the pieces": Patients' retrospective reflections of rupture resolution episodes during treatment.

Ben David-Sela, Tal / Leibovich, Liat / Khoury, Yara / Hill, Clara E / Zilcha-Mano, Sigal

Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research

2023 , Page(s) 1–14

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1080323-3
ISSN	1468-4381 ; 1050-3307
ISSN (online)	1468-4381
ISSN	1050-3307
DOI	10.1080/10503307.2023.2245128
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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Propensity of selecting mutant parasites for the antimalarial drug cabamiquine.

Stadler, Eva / Maiga, Mohamed / Friedrich, Lukas / Thathy, Vandana / Demarta-Gatsi, Claudia / Dara, Antoine / Sogore, Fanta / Striepen, Josefine / Oeuvray, Claude / Djimdé, Abdoulaye A / Lee, Marcus C S / Dembélé, Laurent / Fidock, David A / Khoury, David S / Spangenberg, Thomas

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5447

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-41287-6
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Article ; Online: Viral clearance as a surrogate of clinical efficacy for COVID-19 therapies in outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Elias, Karen M / Khan, Shanchita R / Stadler, Eva / Schlub, Timothy E / Cromer, Deborah / Polizzotto, Mark N / Kent, Stephen J / Turner, Tari / Davenport, Miles P / Khoury, David S

The Lancet. Microbe

2024

Abstract: Background: Surrogates of antiviral efficacy are needed for COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the virological effect of treatment and clinical efficacy as measured by progression to severe disease in outpatients treated for mild- ...

Abstract	Background: Surrogates of antiviral efficacy are needed for COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the virological effect of treatment and clinical efficacy as measured by progression to severe disease in outpatients treated for mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and medRxiv from database inception to Aug 16, 2023, for randomised placebo-controlled trials that tested virus-directed treatments (ie, any monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, or antivirals) in non-hospitalised individuals with COVID-19. We only included studies that reported both clinical outcomes (ie, rate of disease progression to hospitalisation or death) and virological outcomes (ie, viral load within the first 7 days of treatment). We extracted summary data from eligible reports, with discrepancies resolved through discussion. We used an established meta-regression model with random effects to assess the association between clinical efficacy and virological treatment effect, and calculated I Findings: We identified 1718 unique studies, of which 22 (with a total of 16 684 participants) met the inclusion criteria, and were in primarily unvaccinated individuals. Risk of bias was assessed as low in 19 of 22 studies for clinical outcomes, whereas for virological outcomes, a high risk of bias was assessed in 11 studies, some risk in ten studies, and a low risk in one study. The unadjusted relative risk of disease progression for each extra log Interpretation: Despite the aggregation of studies with differing designs, and evidence of risk of bias in some virological outcomes, this review provides evidence that treatment-induced acceleration of viral clearance within the first 5 days after treatment is a potential surrogate of clinical efficacy to prevent hospitalisation with COVID-19. This work supports the use of viral clearance as an early phase clinical trial endpoint of therapeutic efficacy. Funding: Australian Government Department of Health, Medical Research Future Fund, and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-5247
ISSN (online)	2666-5247
DOI	10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00398-1
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Article: Resilience of Spanish forests to recent droughts and climate change

Khoury, Sacha / Coomes, David A

Global change biology. 2020 Dec., v. 26, no. 12

2020

Abstract	A widespread increase in forest cover is underway in northern Mediterranean forests because of land abandonment and decreased wood demand, but the resilience of these successional forests to climate change remains unresolved. Here we use 18‐year time series of canopy greenness derived from satellite imagery (NDVI) to evaluate the impacts of climate change on Spain's forests. Specifically, we analyzed how NDVI was influenced by the climatic water balance (i.e. Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI), using monthly time‐series extracted from 3,100 pixels of forest, categorized into ten forest types. The forests increased in leaf area index by 0.01 per year on average (from 1.7 in 2000 to 1.9 in 2017) but there was enormous variation among years related to climatic water balance. Forest types varied in response to drought events: those dominated by drought‐avoiding species showed strong covariance between greenness and SPEI, while those dominated by drought‐tolerant species showed weak covariance. Native forests usually recovered more than 80% of greenness within the 18 months and the remainder within 5 years, but plantations of Eucalyptus were less resilient. Management to increase the resilience of forests—a key goal of forestry in the Mediterranean region—appears to have had a positive effect: canopy greenness within protected forests was more resilient to drought than within non‐protected forests. In conclusion, many of Spain's successional forests have been resilient to drought over the past 18 years, from the perspective of space. Future studies will need to combine remote sensing with field‐based analyses of physiological tolerances and mortality processes to understand how Mediterranean forests will respond to the rapid climate change predicted for this region in the coming decades.
Keywords	Eucalyptus ; abandoned land ; canopy ; climate change ; covariance ; drought ; drought tolerance ; forestry ; leaf area index ; mortality ; remote sensing ; time series analysis ; wood ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 7079-7098.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15268
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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