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  1. Article ; Online: A psychometric evaluation of the Life Attitudes Schedule-Short Form.

    Cramer, Robert J / Nobles, Matt R / Rooney, Emily / Rasmussen, Susan

    Death studies

    2024  , Page(s) 1–10

    Abstract: The Life Attitudes Schedule-Short Form (LAS-SF) is a measure of suicide proneness featuring various conceptual models. We tested four competing LAS-SF factor structures, as well as construct validity with mental health and suicide metrics. Community ... ...

    Abstract The Life Attitudes Schedule-Short Form (LAS-SF) is a measure of suicide proneness featuring various conceptual models. We tested four competing LAS-SF factor structures, as well as construct validity with mental health and suicide metrics. Community dwelling adults (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632596-8
    ISSN 1091-7683 ; 0748-1187
    ISSN (online) 1091-7683
    ISSN 0748-1187
    DOI 10.1080/07481187.2023.2300065
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Measuring Pre- and Post-Copulatory Sexual Selection and Their Interaction in Socially Monogamous Species with Extra-Pair Paternity.

    Cramer, Emily Rebecca Alison

    Cells

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 3

    Abstract: When females copulate with multiple males, pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection may interact synergistically or in opposition. Studying this interaction in wild populations is complex and potentially biased, because copulation and fertilization ... ...

    Abstract When females copulate with multiple males, pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection may interact synergistically or in opposition. Studying this interaction in wild populations is complex and potentially biased, because copulation and fertilization success are often inferred from offspring parentage rather than being directly measured. Here, I simulated 15 species of socially monogamous birds with varying levels of extra-pair paternity, where I could independently cause a male secondary sexual trait to improve copulation success, and a sperm trait to improve fertilization success. By varying the degree of correlation between the male and sperm traits, I show that several common statistical approaches, including univariate selection gradients and paired t-tests comparing extra-pair males to the within-pair males they cuckolded, can give highly biased results for sperm traits. These tests should therefore be avoided for sperm traits in socially monogamous species with extra-pair paternity, unless the sperm trait is known to be uncorrelated with male trait(s) impacting copulation success. In contrast, multivariate selection analysis and a regression of the proportion of extra-pair brood(s) sired on the sperm trait of the extra-pair male (including only broods where the male sired ≥1 extra-pair offspring) were unbiased, and appear likely to be unbiased under a broad range of conditions for this mating system. In addition, I investigated whether the occurrence of pre-copulatory selection impacted the strength of post-copulatory selection, and vice versa. I found no evidence of an interaction under the conditions simulated, where the male trait impacted only copulation success and the sperm trait impacted only fertilization success. Instead, direct selection on each trait was independent of whether the other trait was under selection. Although pre- and post-copulatory selection strength was independent, selection on the two traits was positively correlated across species because selection on both traits increased with the frequency of extra-pair copulations in these socially monogamous species.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Copulation ; Female ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Models, Statistical ; Pair Bond ; Passeriformes/genetics ; Passeriformes/physiology ; Paternity ; Social Behavior ; Spermatozoa/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells10030620
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Health-related needs of survivors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: implications for health communication interventions.

    Cramer, Emily M / Babalola, Bukky / Agosto Maldonado, Lillian E / Chung, Jae Eun

    Journal of communication in healthcare

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 101–110

    Abstract: Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are key contributors to maternal morbidity, mortality, and future risk of cardiovascular disease. This exploratory study aimed to unearth the health-related needs of women with a reported history of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are key contributors to maternal morbidity, mortality, and future risk of cardiovascular disease. This exploratory study aimed to unearth the health-related needs of women with a reported history of HDP by inquiring about preferences for care.
    Method: Deductive, qualitative analysis was conducted of HDP survivors' retrospective 'wishes' about the care received.
    Results: In analyzing 244 open-ended, online survey responses, we identified a taxonomy of health-related needs arising across the trajectory of HDP:
    Conclusions: A taxonomy of diverse health-related needs may assist clinicians in approaching HDP patients more holistically. Additionally, opportunities exist for health communication research to inform standard approaches to HDP-related communication flowing from provider to patient.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Health Communication ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Survivors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1753-8076
    ISSN (online) 1753-8076
    DOI 10.1080/17538068.2023.2298522
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Individual and Organizational Factors Associated With Nurse Manager Success.

    Schlotzhauer, Ann E / Cramer, Emily / Grandfield, Elizabeth M / Warshawsky, Nora E

    The Journal of nursing administration

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 392–398

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize previous findings and provide practical guidance for maximizing nurse manager and nurse performance.: Background: Two recent studies have linked nurse manager job design factors and individual ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize previous findings and provide practical guidance for maximizing nurse manager and nurse performance.
    Background: Two recent studies have linked nurse manager job design factors and individual differences to a variety of valued outcomes, but practical implications remain unclear.
    Methods: A large US sample of nurse managers was divided on the basis of nurse and patient outcomes. Various characteristics are compared across the highest and lowest performers.
    Results: Wider nurse manager span of control is associated with negative outcomes; the availability of support positions does not fully alleviate the consequences of wide spans. Nurse managers with fewer subordinates can effectively manage multiple units. Nurse manager experience is critical for success and cannot be fully replaced by leadership training programs.
    Conclusions: Staffing and job design decisions have critical downstream implications. The present research provides guidance for effective staffing and job design.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nurse Administrators ; Leadership ; Workforce ; Job Satisfaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193141-6
    ISSN 1539-0721 ; 1539-073X ; 0002-0443
    ISSN (online) 1539-0721 ; 1539-073X
    ISSN 0002-0443
    DOI 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001305
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Predictors of physical restraint use on critical care units: An observational structural equation modeling approach.

    Olds, Danielle / Cramer, Emily

    International journal of nursing studies

    2021  Volume 118, Page(s) 103925

    Abstract: Background: Modifiable unit characteristics, including nurse work environment, education, certification, and staffing have been shown to impact patient safety. Physical restraints are an important patient safety issue, however the relationships between ... ...

    Abstract Background: Modifiable unit characteristics, including nurse work environment, education, certification, and staffing have been shown to impact patient safety. Physical restraints are an important patient safety issue, however the relationships between these modifiable unit characteristics and physical restraint use on critical care units has not been explored.
    Objectives: Our objective was to determine the role of nursing work environment, nurse education and certification, and nurse staffing on physical restraint use.
    Design: The study was a secondary analysis of 2017-2018 unit-level restraint rates from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators linked to Registered Nurse survey and hospital characteristics data.
    Methods: Work environment was examined at the unit-level using total Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and subscale scores. Unit-level nurse expertise included the percent of nurses with at least a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree and percent with certification. Nurse staffing was the unit-level Registered Nurse hours per patient day and skill mix. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and Structural Equation Modeling. We used a first order model to estimate predicted restraint use from the five subscales of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. A higher order model predicted restraint use from a total work environment factor score.
    Results: The sample included 408 critical care units from 226 hospitals. Mean restraint rate was 15% (SD 12, range 0-53%). In the first-order model, the Collegial Nurse-Physician Relations subscale had a positive relationship with restraint use (β = 0.167, 95% confidence interval 0.010-0.333). In the higher order model, the total work environment score had a negative relationship with restraint use (β = -0.088, 95% confidence -0.178- -0.014). Registered Nurse hours per patient day had a negative relationship to restraint use in both the first order (β = -0.114, 95% confidence interval -0.222--0.025) and higher order models (β = -0.117, 95% confidence interval -0.223- -0.012).
    Conclusion: We found that better nurse-physician relationships were associated with higher restraint use. This finding is supported by previous literature and may reflect physician trust in nursing judgement when using restraints. However, a better work environment overall was associated with lower restraint rates. Further, Registered Nurse hours per patient day, but not skill mix, was associated with lower restraint rates. We conclude that improving the overall nurse work environment and nurse staffing, as well as using interprofessional interventions, may be successful in decreasing restraint use on critical care units.
    MeSH term(s) Critical Care ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Latent Class Analysis ; Nursing Staff, Hospital ; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling ; Restraint, Physical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 80148-3
    ISSN 1873-491X ; 0020-7489
    ISSN (online) 1873-491X
    ISSN 0020-7489
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Relationships among nurse managers' job design, work environment, and nurse and patient outcomes.

    Grandfield, Elizabeth M / Schlotzhauer, Ann E / Cramer, Emily / Warshawsky, Nora E

    Research in nursing & health

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 348–359

    Abstract: The importance of nurse managers' practice environments in affecting outcomes for direct care nurses and patients has been well-researched. Nonetheless, much remains to be learned about the determinants of the nurse manager practice environment. In this ... ...

    Abstract The importance of nurse managers' practice environments in affecting outcomes for direct care nurses and patients has been well-researched. Nonetheless, much remains to be learned about the determinants of the nurse manager practice environment. In this study, 541 US nurse managers' survey responses were matched to unit-level aggregate data of their subordinates' responses on the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. A model relating job design and experience to the nurse manager's practice environment and direct care nurse (i.e., job satisfaction, intent to stay, and joy and meaning in work) and patient outcomes (i.e., nurse-reported quality of care and missed nursing care) was evaluated through multilevel path analysis. Nurse manager span of control, support staff, and experience influence nurse managers' perceptions of their practice environment and nurse and patient outcomes. Although support staff can offset some negative effects of wide spans of control, it does not fully compensate for wide spans. Thus, nurse manager job design factors and experience relate to nurse manager practice environments and valued downstream outcomes. The present research emphasizes the importance of a positive nurse manager practice environment and provides guidance for nurse manager hiring and job design decisions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Working Conditions ; Nurse Administrators ; Job Satisfaction ; Nursing Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Nursing Staff, Hospital ; Leadership
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 424453-9
    ISSN 1098-240X ; 0160-6891
    ISSN (online) 1098-240X
    ISSN 0160-6891
    DOI 10.1002/nur.22307
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: #Preeclampsiasurvivor and symbolic interactionism in women's maternal health.

    Cramer, Emily M / Chung, Jae Eun / Li, Jiang

    Health care for women international

    2022  , Page(s) 1–20

    Abstract: A hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, preeclampsia (PE) impacts approximately one in 25 pregnancies. Biomedical researchers continue to look for concrete causes and effective treatments for PE, but the ... ...

    Abstract A hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, preeclampsia (PE) impacts approximately one in 25 pregnancies. Biomedical researchers continue to look for concrete causes and effective treatments for PE, but the experience of PE-the personal and socially constructed meanings surrounding the condition-remains under-researched. Using a symbolic interactionism approach, we examined Instagram posts accompanying the #preeclampsiasurvivor hashtag during Preeclampsia Awareness Month. Themes emerging from interpretive analysis of 98 posts (160 images) included the role of PE in redefining a woman's relationship to her body, reifying a woman's connection to her child, and illuminating the transitive aspects of a childbearing woman's identity. Additionally, PE survivors turned to Instagram to speak to an imagined, 'generalized sisterhood' of women sharing a common set of experiences. Our study is unique in its examination of the lived experiences of PE survivors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632677-8
    ISSN 1096-4665 ; 0739-9332
    ISSN (online) 1096-4665
    ISSN 0739-9332
    DOI 10.1080/07399332.2022.2142226
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Flagellum tapering and midpiece volume in songbird spermatozoa.

    Cramer, Emily R A / Grønstøl, Gaute / Lifjeld, Jan T

    Journal of morphology

    2022  Volume 283, Issue 12, Page(s) 1577–1589

    Abstract: In contrast to numerous studies on spermatozoa length, relatively little work focuses on the width of spermatozoa, and particularly the width of the midpiece and flagellum. In flagellated spermatozoa, the flagellum provides forward thrust while energy ... ...

    Abstract In contrast to numerous studies on spermatozoa length, relatively little work focuses on the width of spermatozoa, and particularly the width of the midpiece and flagellum. In flagellated spermatozoa, the flagellum provides forward thrust while energy may be provided via mitochondria in the midpiece and/or through glycolysis along the flagellum itself. Longer flagella may be able to provide greater thrust but may also require stronger structural features and more or larger mitochondria to supply sufficient energy. Here, we use scanning electron microscopy to investigate the ultrastructure of spermatozoa from 55 passerine species in 26 taxonomic families in the Passerides infraorder. Our data confirm the qualitative observation that the flagellum tapers along its length, and we show that longer flagella are wider at the neck. This pattern is similar to mammals, and likely reflects the need for longer cells to be stronger against shearing forces. We further estimate the volume of the mitochondrial helix and show that it correlates well with midpiece length, supporting the use of midpiece length as a proxy for mitochondrial volume, at least in between-species studies where midpiece length is highly variable. These results provide important context for understanding the evolutionary correlations among different sperm cell components and dimensions.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Animals ; Songbirds ; Semen ; Spermatozoa/ultrastructure ; Flagella/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mammals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3084-3
    ISSN 1097-4687 ; 0022-2887 ; 0362-2525
    ISSN (online) 1097-4687
    ISSN 0022-2887 ; 0362-2525
    DOI 10.1002/jmor.21524
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Measuring moral distress in nurses during a pandemic: Development and validation of the COVID-MDS.

    Cramer, Emily / Smith, Jessica / Rogowski, Jeanette / Lake, Eileen

    Research in nursing & health

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 549–558

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic created novel patient care circumstances that may have increased nurses' moral distress, including COVID-19 transmission risk and end-of-life care without family present. Well-established moral distress instruments do not capture ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic created novel patient care circumstances that may have increased nurses' moral distress, including COVID-19 transmission risk and end-of-life care without family present. Well-established moral distress instruments do not capture these novel aspects of pandemic nursing care. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Moral Distress Scale (COVID-MDS), which was designed to provide a short MDS that includes both general and COVID-19-specific content. Researcher-developed COVID-19 items were evaluated for content validity by six nurse ethicist experts. This study comprised a pilot phase and a validation phase. The pilot sample comprised 329 respondents from inpatient practice settings and the emergency department in two academic medical centers. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the pilot data. The EFA results were tested in a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the validation data. The validation sample comprised 5042 nurses in 107 hospitals throughout the United States. Construct validity was evaluated through CFA and known groups comparisons. Reliability was assessed by the omega coefficient from the CFA and Cronbach's alpha. A two-factor CFA model had good model fit and strong loadings, providing evidence of a COVID-19-specific dimension of moral distress. Reliability for both the general and COVID-19-specific moral distress subscales was satisfactory. Known groups comparisons identified statistically significant correlations as theorized. The COVID-MDS is a valid and reliable short tool for measuring moral distress in nurses including both broad systemic sources and COVID-19 specific sources.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Morals ; Nurses ; Pandemics ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424453-9
    ISSN 1098-240X ; 0160-6891
    ISSN (online) 1098-240X
    ISSN 0160-6891
    DOI 10.1002/nur.22254
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Selection on sperm size in response to promiscuity and variation in female sperm storage organs.

    Cramer, Emily R A / Yilma, Zelealem B / Lifjeld, Jan T

    Journal of evolutionary biology

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 131–143

    Abstract: Sperm cells are exceptionally morphologically diverse across taxa. However, morphology can be quite uniform within species, particularly for species where females copulate with many males per reproductive bout. Strong sexual selection in these ... ...

    Abstract Sperm cells are exceptionally morphologically diverse across taxa. However, morphology can be quite uniform within species, particularly for species where females copulate with many males per reproductive bout. Strong sexual selection in these promiscuous species is widely hypothesized to reduce intraspecific sperm variation. Conversely, we hypothesize that intraspecific sperm size variation may be maintained by high among-female variation in the size of sperm storage organs, assuming that paternity success improves when sperm are compatible in size with the sperm storage organ. We use individual-based simulations and an analytical model to evaluate how selection on sperm size depends on promiscuity level and variation in sperm storage organ size (hereafter, female preference variation). Simulations of high promiscuity (10 mates per female) showed stabilizing selection on sperm when female preference variation was low, and disruptive selection when female preference variation was high, consistent with the analytical model results. With low promiscuity (2-3 mates per female), selection on sperm was stabilizing for all levels of female preference variation in the simulations, contrasting with the analytical model. Promiscuity level, or mate sampling, thus has a strong impact on the selection resulting from female preferences. Furthermore, when promiscuity is low, disruptive selection on male traits will occur under much more limited circumstances (i.e. only with higher among-female variation) than many previous models suggest. Variation in female sperm storage organs likely has strong implications for intraspecific sperm variation in highly promiscuous species, but likely does not explain differences in intraspecific sperm variation for less promiscuous taxa.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Male ; Female ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Semen ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Phenotype ; Mating Preference, Animal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1465318-7
    ISSN 1420-9101 ; 1010-061X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9101
    ISSN 1010-061X
    DOI 10.1111/jeb.14120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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