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  1. Article ; Online: Preparation of Xenopus borealis and Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts for Comparative Cell Biology and Evolutionary Studies.

    Kitaoka, Maiko / Guilloux, Gabriel / Heald, Rebecca / Gibeaux, Romain

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2024  Volume 2740, Page(s) 169–185

    Abstract: Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from eggs of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis are extensively used to study various cellular events including the cell cycle, cytoskeleton dynamics, and cytoplasm organization, as well as the biology of membranous ... ...

    Abstract Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from eggs of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis are extensively used to study various cellular events including the cell cycle, cytoskeleton dynamics, and cytoplasm organization, as well as the biology of membranous organelles and phase-separated non-membrane-bound structures. Recent development of extracts from eggs of other Xenopus allows interspecies comparisons that provide new insights into morphological and biological size variations and underlying mechanisms across evolution. Here, we describe methods to prepare cytoplasmic extracts from eggs of the allotetraploid Marsabit clawed frog, Xenopus borealis, and the diploid Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis. We detail mixing and "hybrid" experiments that take advantage of the physiological but highly accessible nature of extracts to reveal the evolutionary relationships across species. These new developments create a robust and versatile toolbox to elucidate molecular, cell biological, and evolutionary questions in essential cellular processes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Xenopus ; Xenopus laevis ; Cell Cycle ; Microtubules ; Cytoplasm
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-3557-5_11
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mechanisms of spindle assembly and size control.

    Guilloux, Gabriel / Gibeaux, Romain

    Biology of the cell

    2020  Volume 112, Issue 12, Page(s) 369–382

    Abstract: The spindle is crucial for cell division by allowing the faithful segregation of replicated chromosomes to daughter cells. Proper segregation is ensured only if microtubules (MTs) and hundreds of other associated factors interact to assemble this complex ...

    Abstract The spindle is crucial for cell division by allowing the faithful segregation of replicated chromosomes to daughter cells. Proper segregation is ensured only if microtubules (MTs) and hundreds of other associated factors interact to assemble this complex structure with the appropriate architecture and size. In this review, we describe the latest view of spindle organisation as well as the molecular gradients and mechanisms underlying MT nucleation and spindle assembly. We then discuss the overlapping physical and molecular constraints that dictate spindle morphology, concluding with a focus on spindle size regulation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 245745-3
    ISSN 1768-322X ; 0399-0311 ; 0248-4900
    ISSN (online) 1768-322X
    ISSN 0399-0311 ; 0248-4900
    DOI 10.1111/boc.202000065
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    Zs.A 758: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: The Use of Cell-Free

    Gibeaux, Romain / Heald, Rebecca

    Cold Spring Harbor protocols

    2019  Volume 2019, Issue 6

    Abstract: Experiments using cytoplasmic extracts prepared ... ...

    Abstract Experiments using cytoplasmic extracts prepared from
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Extracts/chemistry ; Cell-Free System ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cell Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1559-6095
    ISSN (online) 1559-6095
    DOI 10.1101/pdb.top097048
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  4. Article ; Online: Generation of Xenopus Haploid, Triploid, and Hybrid Embryos.

    Gibeaux, Romain / Heald, Rebecca

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2019  Volume 1920, Page(s) 303–315

    Abstract: Frog species of the genus Xenopus are widely used for studies of cell and developmental biology, and recent genome sequencing has revealed interesting phylogenetic relationships. Here we describe methods to generate haploid, triploid, and hybrid species ... ...

    Abstract Frog species of the genus Xenopus are widely used for studies of cell and developmental biology, and recent genome sequencing has revealed interesting phylogenetic relationships. Here we describe methods to generate haploid, triploid, and hybrid species starting from eggs and sperm of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis that enable investigation of how genome size and content affect physiology at the organismal, cellular, and subcellular levels.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; Haploidy ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Triploidy ; Xenopus/genetics ; Xenopus laevis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-9009-2_18
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  5. Article ; Online: The Cytoskeleton and Its Roles in Self-Organization Phenomena: Insights from

    Geisterfer, Zachary M / Guilloux, Gabriel / Gatlin, Jesse C / Gibeaux, Romain

    Cells

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 9

    Abstract: Self-organization of and by the cytoskeleton is central to the biology of the cell. Since their introduction in the early 1980s, cytoplasmic extracts derived from the eggs of the African clawed-frog, ...

    Abstract Self-organization of and by the cytoskeleton is central to the biology of the cell. Since their introduction in the early 1980s, cytoplasmic extracts derived from the eggs of the African clawed-frog,
    MeSH term(s) Actin Cytoskeleton ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Microtubules ; Oocytes/cytology ; Ovum/metabolism ; Ovum/physiology ; Xenopus laevis/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells10092197
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  6. Article ; Online: Subcellular scaling: does size matter for cell division?

    Heald, Rebecca / Gibeaux, Romain

    Current opinion in cell biology

    2018  Volume 52, Page(s) 88–95

    Abstract: Among different species or cell types, or during early embryonic cell divisions that occur in the absence of cell growth, the size of subcellular structures, including the nucleus, chromosomes, and mitotic spindle, scale with cell size. Maintaining ... ...

    Abstract Among different species or cell types, or during early embryonic cell divisions that occur in the absence of cell growth, the size of subcellular structures, including the nucleus, chromosomes, and mitotic spindle, scale with cell size. Maintaining correct subcellular scales is thought to be important for many cellular processes and, in particular, for mitosis. In this review, we provide an update on nuclear and chromosome scaling mechanisms and their significance in metazoans, with a focus on Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus and mammalian systems, for which a common role for the Ran (Ras-related nuclear protein)-dependent nuclear transport system has emerged.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Mitosis/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1026381-0
    ISSN 1879-0410 ; 0955-0674
    ISSN (online) 1879-0410
    ISSN 0955-0674
    DOI 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.02.009
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2963: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: The Cytoskeleton and Its Roles in Self-Organization Phenomena

    Zachary M. Geisterfer / Gabriel Guilloux / Jesse C. Gatlin / Romain Gibeaux

    Cells, Vol 10, Iss 2197, p

    Insights from Xenopus Egg Extracts

    2021  Volume 2197

    Abstract: Self-organization of and by the cytoskeleton is central to the biology of the cell. Since their introduction in the early 1980s, cytoplasmic extracts derived from the eggs of the African clawed-frog, Xenopus laevis , have flourished as a major ... ...

    Abstract Self-organization of and by the cytoskeleton is central to the biology of the cell. Since their introduction in the early 1980s, cytoplasmic extracts derived from the eggs of the African clawed-frog, Xenopus laevis , have flourished as a major experimental system to study the various facets of cytoskeleton-dependent self-organization. Over the years, the many investigations that have used these extracts uniquely benefited from their simplified cell cycle, large experimental volumes, biochemical tractability and cell-free nature. Here, we review the contributions of egg extracts to our understanding of the cytoplasmic aspects of self-organization by the microtubule and the actomyosin cytoskeletons as well as the importance of cytoskeletal filaments in organizing nuclear structure and function.
    Keywords cytoskeleton ; Xenopus egg extract ; self-organization ; microtubule ; actin ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Spindle assembly in egg extracts of the Marsabit clawed frog, Xenopus borealis.

    Kitaoka, Maiko / Heald, Rebecca / Gibeaux, Romain

    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.)

    2018  Volume 75, Issue 6, Page(s) 244–257

    Abstract: Egg extracts of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis have provided a cell-free system instrumental in elucidating events of the cell cycle, including mechanisms of spindle assembly. Comparison with extracts from the diploid Western clawed frog, Xenopus ...

    Abstract Egg extracts of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis have provided a cell-free system instrumental in elucidating events of the cell cycle, including mechanisms of spindle assembly. Comparison with extracts from the diploid Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, which is smaller at the organism, cellular and subcellular levels, has enabled the identification of spindle size scaling factors. We set out to characterize the Marsabit clawed frog, Xenopus borealis, which is intermediate in size between the two species, but more recently diverged in evolution from X. laevis than X. tropicalis. X. borealis eggs were slightly smaller than those of X. laevis, and slightly smaller spindles were assembled in egg extracts. Interestingly, microtubule distribution across the length of the X. borealis spindles differed from both X. laevis and X. tropicalis. Extract mixing experiments revealed common scaling phenomena among Xenopus species, while characterization of spindle factors katanin, TPX2, and Ran indicate that X. borealis spindles possess both X. laevis and X. tropicalis features. Thus, X. borealis egg extract provides a third in vitro system to investigate interspecies scaling and spindle morphometric variation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Extracts ; Female ; Ovum ; Spindle Apparatus ; Xenopus
    Chemical Substances Cell Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2534372-5
    ISSN 1949-3592 ; 1949-3584
    ISSN (online) 1949-3592
    ISSN 1949-3584
    DOI 10.1002/cm.21444
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  9. Article: Xenopus

    Gibeaux, Romain / Miller, Kelly / Acker, Rachael / Kwon, Taejoon / Heald, Rebecca

    Frontiers in physiology

    2018  Volume 9, Page(s) 1758

    Abstract: Determining how size is controlled is a fundamental question in biology that is poorly understood at the organismal, cellular, and subcellular levels. ... ...

    Abstract Determining how size is controlled is a fundamental question in biology that is poorly understood at the organismal, cellular, and subcellular levels. The
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2018.01758
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  10. Article ; Online: Changes in seam number and location induce holes within microtubules assembled from porcine brain tubulin and in

    Guyomar, Charlotte / Bousquet, Clément / Ku, Siou / Heumann, John M / Guilloux, Gabriel / Gaillard, Natacha / Heichette, Claire / Duchesne, Laurence / Steinmetz, Michel O / Gibeaux, Romain / Chrétien, Denis

    eLife

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: Microtubules are tubes of about 25 nm in diameter that are critically involved in a variety of cellular functions, including motility, compartmentalization, and division. They are considered as pseudo-helical polymers whose constituent αβ-tubulin ... ...

    Abstract Microtubules are tubes of about 25 nm in diameter that are critically involved in a variety of cellular functions, including motility, compartmentalization, and division. They are considered as pseudo-helical polymers whose constituent αβ-tubulin heterodimers share lateral homotypic interactions, except at one unique region called the seam. Here, we used a segmented sub-tomogram averaging strategy to reassess this paradigm and analyze the organization of the αβ-tubulin heterodimers in microtubules assembled from purified porcine brain tubulin in the presence of GTP and GMPCPP, and in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.83021
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