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  1. Article ; Online: Volar Plating of Scaphoid Fractures: A Retrospective Case Series.

    Lemke, Konrad A / Mannambeth, Rejith V / Carman, Christopher J / Csongvay, Steve

    Hand (New York, N.Y.)

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 2_suppl, Page(s) 46S–51S

    Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of union of scaphoid fractures managed with volar plating and assess postoperative complications.: Methods: Retrospective consecutive case series of 28 patients with scaphoid fractures, 9 ...

    Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of union of scaphoid fractures managed with volar plating and assess postoperative complications.
    Methods: Retrospective consecutive case series of 28 patients with scaphoid fractures, 9 acute and 19 chronic nonunions, undergoing surgical fixation with volar scaphoid plating by a single surgeon between 2013 and 2019. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months with scaphoid bony union being confirmed on radiograph or computed tomography. Postoperative complications and need for plate removal were recorded.
    Results: Overall union rate of 96% with all 19 chronic nonunions demonstrating radiological union and 1 of 9 acute fractures not uniting and requiring revision surgery. The only postoperative complication identified was symptomatic plate impingement which necessitated plate removal in 57% of cases.
    Conclusions: This case series demonstrates volar plating of scaphoid fractures can be used as an alternative technique to achieve union.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Scaphoid Bone/diagnostic imaging ; Scaphoid Bone/surgery ; Scaphoid Bone/injuries ; Fractures, Ununited/diagnostic imaging ; Fractures, Ununited/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist Injuries/surgery ; Hand Injuries ; Postoperative Complications ; Hand Deformities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2277325-3
    ISSN 1558-9455 ; 1558-9447
    ISSN (online) 1558-9455
    ISSN 1558-9447
    DOI 10.1177/15589447221075674
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: High-resolution fluorescence microscopy to study transendothelial migration.

    Carman, Christopher V

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2012  Volume 757, Page(s) 215–245

    Abstract: Immune system functions rely heavily on the ability of immune cells (i.e., blood leukocyte) to traffic throughout the body as they conduct immune surveillance and respond to pathogens. A monolayer of vascular endothelial cells (i.e., the "endothelium") ... ...

    Abstract Immune system functions rely heavily on the ability of immune cells (i.e., blood leukocyte) to traffic throughout the body as they conduct immune surveillance and respond to pathogens. A monolayer of vascular endothelial cells (i.e., the "endothelium") provides a critical, selectively permeable barrier between two principal compartments of the body: the blood circulation and the tissue. Thus, knowledge of the basic mechanisms by which leukocytes migrate across the endothelium (i.e., undergo "transendothelial migration"; TEM) is critical for understanding immune system function. Cultured endothelial cell monolayers, used in combination with isolated blood leukocytes, provide a basis for highly useful in vitro models for study of TEM. When used in conjunction with high spatial and temporal resolution imaging approaches, such models have begun to reveal complex and dynamic cell behaviors in leukocytes and endothelial cells that ultimately determine TEM efficiency. In this chapter, we provide protocols for setting up a basic in vitro TEM system and for conducting high-resolution dynamic live-cell and three-dimensional fixed-cell imaging of TEM.
    MeSH term(s) Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukocytes/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Staining and Labeling ; Time-Lapse Imaging/methods ; Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-166-6_15
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Overview: imaging in the study of integrins.

    Carman, Christopher V

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2012  Volume 757, Page(s) 159–189

    Abstract: Integrins play critical adhesion and signaling roles during development, wound healing, immunity, and cancer. Central to their function is a unique ability to dynamically modulate their adhesiveness and signaling properties through changes in ... ...

    Abstract Integrins play critical adhesion and signaling roles during development, wound healing, immunity, and cancer. Central to their function is a unique ability to dynamically modulate their adhesiveness and signaling properties through changes in conformation, both homo- and heterotypic protein-protein interactions and cellular distribution. Genetic, biochemical and structural studies have been instrumental in uncovering overall functions, describing ligand and regulatory protein interactions and elucidating the molecular architecture of integrins. However, such approaches alone are inadequate to describe how dynamic integrin behaviors are orchestrated in intact cells. To fill this void, a wide array of distinct light microscopy (largely fluorescence-based) imaging approaches have been developed and employed. Various microscopy technologies, including wide-field, optical sectioning (laser-scanning confocal, spinning-disk confocal, and multiphoton), TIRF and range of novel "Super-Resolution" techniques have been used in combination with diverse imaging modalities (such as IRM, FRET, FRAP, CALI, and fluorescence speckle imaging) to address distinct aspects of integrin function and regulation. This chapter provides an overview of these imaging approaches and how they have advanced our understanding of integrins.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Adhesion/physiology ; Humans ; Integrins/analysis ; Microscopy ; Molecular Imaging
    Chemical Substances Integrins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-166-6_12
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Membrane curvature and PS localize coagulation proteins to filopodia and retraction fibers of endothelial cells.

    Carman, Christopher V / Nikova, Dessislava N / Sakurai, Yumiko / Shi, Jialan / Novakovic, Valerie A / Rasmussen, Jan T / Lam, Wilbur A / Gilbert, Gary E

    Blood advances

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 60–72

    Abstract: Prior reports indicate that the convex membrane curvature of phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing vesicles enhances formation of binding sites for factor Va and lactadherin. Yet, the relationship of convex curvature to localization of these proteins on ... ...

    Abstract Prior reports indicate that the convex membrane curvature of phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing vesicles enhances formation of binding sites for factor Va and lactadherin. Yet, the relationship of convex curvature to localization of these proteins on cells remains unknown. We developed a membrane topology model, using phospholipid bilayers supported by nano-etched silica substrates, to further explore the relationship between curvature and localization of coagulation proteins. Ridge convexity corresponded to maximal curvature of physiologic membranes (radii of 10 or 30 nm) and the troughs had a variable concave curvature. The benchmark PS probe lactadherin exhibited strong differential binding to the ridges, on membranes with 4% to 15% PS. Factor Va, with a PS-binding motif homologous to lactadherin, also bound selectively to the ridges. Bound factor Va supported coincident binding of factor Xa, localizing prothrombinase complexes to the ridges. Endothelial cells responded to prothrombotic stressors and stimuli (staurosporine, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF- α]) by retracting cell margins and forming filaments and filopodia. These had a high positive curvature similar to supported membrane ridges and selectively bound lactadherin. Likewise, the retraction filaments and filopodia bound factor Va and supported assembly of prothrombinase, whereas the cell body did not. The perfusion of plasma over TNF-α-stimulated endothelia in culture dishes and engineered 3-dimensional microvessels led to fibrin deposition at cell margins, inhibited by lactadherin, without clotting of bulk plasma. Our results indicate that stressed or stimulated endothelial cells support prothrombinase activity localized to convex topological features at cell margins. These findings may relate to perivascular fibrin deposition in sepsis and inflammation.
    MeSH term(s) Thromboplastin/metabolism ; Phosphatidylserines/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Factor Va/chemistry ; Factor Va/metabolism ; Pseudopodia/metabolism ; Fibrin
    Chemical Substances Thromboplastin (9035-58-9) ; Phosphatidylserines ; Factor Va (65522-14-7) ; Fibrin (9001-31-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2915908-8
    ISSN 2473-9537 ; 2473-9529
    ISSN (online) 2473-9537
    ISSN 2473-9529
    DOI 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006870
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Teasing out monocyte trafficking mechanisms.

    Carman, Christopher V

    Blood

    2008  Volume 112, Issue 4, Page(s) 929–930

    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80069-7
    ISSN 1528-0020 ; 0006-4971
    ISSN (online) 1528-0020
    ISSN 0006-4971
    DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-05-153601
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  6. Article: T Lymphocyte-Endothelial Interactions: Emerging Understanding of Trafficking and Antigen-Specific Immunity.

    Carman, Christopher V / Martinelli, Roberta

    Frontiers in immunology

    2015  Volume 6, Page(s) 603

    Abstract: Antigen-specific immunity requires regulated trafficking of T cells in and out of diverse tissues in order to orchestrate lymphocyte development, immune surveillance, responses, and memory. The endothelium serves as a unique barrier, as well as a ... ...

    Abstract Antigen-specific immunity requires regulated trafficking of T cells in and out of diverse tissues in order to orchestrate lymphocyte development, immune surveillance, responses, and memory. The endothelium serves as a unique barrier, as well as a sentinel, between the blood and the tissues, and as such it plays an essential locally tuned role in regulating T cell migration and information exchange. While it is well established that chemoattractants and adhesion molecules are major determinants of T cell trafficking, emerging studies have now enumerated a large number of molecular players as well as a range of discrete cellular remodeling activities (e.g., transmigratory cups and invadosome-like protrusions) that participate in directed migration and pathfinding by T cells. In addition to providing trafficking cues, intimate cell-cell interaction between lymphocytes and endothelial cells provide instruction to T cells that influence their activation and differentiation states. Perhaps the most intriguing and underappreciated of these "sentinel" roles is the ability of the endothelium to act as a non-hematopoietic "semiprofessional" antigen-presenting cell. Close contacts between circulating T cells and antigen-presenting endothelium may play unique non-redundant roles in shaping adaptive immune responses within the periphery. A better understanding of the mechanisms directing T cell trafficking and the antigen-presenting role of the endothelium may not only increase our knowledge of the adaptive immune response but also empower the utility of emerging immunomodulatory therapeutics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00603
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  7. Article ; Online: An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics.

    Martinelli, Roberta / Carman, Christopher V

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2015  , Issue 106, Page(s) e53288

    Abstract: Adaptive immunity is regulated by dynamic interactions between T cells and antigen presenting cells ('APCs') referred to as 'immunological synapses'. Within these intimate cell-cell interfaces discrete sub-cellular clusters of MHC/Ag-TCR, F-actin, ... ...

    Abstract Adaptive immunity is regulated by dynamic interactions between T cells and antigen presenting cells ('APCs') referred to as 'immunological synapses'. Within these intimate cell-cell interfaces discrete sub-cellular clusters of MHC/Ag-TCR, F-actin, adhesion and signaling molecules form and remodel rapidly. These dynamics are thought to be critical determinants of both the efficiency and quality of the immune responses that develop and therefore of protective versus pathologic immunity. Current understanding of immunological synapses with physiologic APCs is limited by the inadequacy of the obtainable imaging resolution. Though artificial substrate models (e.g., planar lipid bilayers) offer excellent resolution and have been extremely valuable tools, they are inherently non-physiologic and oversimplified. Vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells have emerged as an important peripheral tissue (or stromal) compartment of 'semi-professional APCs'. These APCs (which express most of the molecular machinery of professional APCs) have the unique feature of forming virtually planar cell surface and are readily transfectable (e.g., with fluorescent protein reporters). Herein a basic approach to implement endothelial cells as a novel and physiologic 'planar cellular APC model' for improved imaging and interrogation of fundamental antigenic signaling processes will be described.
    MeSH term(s) Actins/immunology ; Adaptive Immunity ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Endothelial Cells/immunology ; Humans ; Immunological Synapses/immunology ; Lipid Bilayers/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Models, Immunological ; Th1 Cells/immunology
    Chemical Substances Actins ; Lipid Bilayers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Video-Audio Media
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/53288
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Mechanisms for transcellular diapedesis: probing and pathfinding by 'invadosome-like protrusions'.

    Carman, Christopher V

    Journal of cell science

    2009  Volume 122, Issue Pt 17, Page(s) 3025–3035

    Abstract: Immune-system functions require that blood leukocytes continuously traffic throughout the body and repeatedly cross endothelial barriers (i.e. diapedese) as they enter (intravasate) and exit (extravasate) the circulation. The very earliest studies to ... ...

    Abstract Immune-system functions require that blood leukocytes continuously traffic throughout the body and repeatedly cross endothelial barriers (i.e. diapedese) as they enter (intravasate) and exit (extravasate) the circulation. The very earliest studies to characterize diapedesis directly in vivo suggested the coexistence of two distinct migratory pathways of leukocytes: between (paracellular pathway) and directly through (transcellular pathway) individual endothelial cells. In vivo studies over the past 50 years have demonstrated significant use of the transcellular diapedesis pathway in bone marrow, thymus, secondary lymphoid organs, various lymphatic structures and peripheral tissues during inflammation and across the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier during inflammatory pathology. Recently, the first in vitro reports of transcellular diapedesis have emerged. Together, these in vitro and in vivo observations suggest a model of migratory pathfinding in which dynamic 'invadosome-like protrusions' formed by leukocytes have a central role in both identifying and exploiting endothelial locations that are permissive for transcellular diapedesis. Such 'probing' activity might have additional roles in this and other settings.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Membrane Structures/physiology ; Cell Movement ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukocytes/physiology
    Chemical Substances Cell Adhesion Molecules
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-09-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2993-2
    ISSN 1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
    ISSN (online) 1477-9137
    ISSN 0021-9533
    DOI 10.1242/jcs.047522
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  9. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Performance assessment and economic analysis of a human Liver-Chip for predictive toxicology.

    Ewart, Lorna / Apostolou, Athanasia / Briggs, Skyler A / Carman, Christopher V / Chaff, Jake T / Heng, Anthony R / Jadalannagari, Sushma / Janardhanan, Jeshina / Jang, Kyung-Jin / Joshipura, Sannidhi R / Kadam, Mahika M / Kanellias, Marianne / Kujala, Ville J / Kulkarni, Gauri / Le, Christopher Y / Lucchesi, Carolina / Manatakis, Dimitris V / Maniar, Kairav K / Quinn, Meaghan E /
    Ravan, Joseph S / Rizos, Ann Catherine / Sauld, John F K / Sliz, Josiah D / Tien-Street, William / Trinidad, Dennis Ramos / Velez, James / Wendell, Max / Irrechukwu, Onyi / Mahalingaiah, Prathap Kumar / Ingber, Donald E / Scannell, Jack W / Levner, Daniel

    Communications medicine

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 16

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ISSN 2730-664X
    ISSN (online) 2730-664X
    DOI 10.1038/s43856-023-00249-1
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  10. Article ; Online: Edible Mushrooms Reduce Atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

    Kim, Sharon H / Thomas, Michael J / Wu, Dayong / Carman, Christopher V / Ordovás, José M / Meydani, Mohsen

    The Journal of nutrition

    2019  Volume 149, Issue 8, Page(s) 1377–1384

    Abstract: Background: Commonly consumed mushrooms, portobello (PBM) and shiitake (SHM), are abundant in nutrients, soluble dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds that have been implicated as beneficial in reducing inflammation, improving lipid profiles, and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Commonly consumed mushrooms, portobello (PBM) and shiitake (SHM), are abundant in nutrients, soluble dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds that have been implicated as beneficial in reducing inflammation, improving lipid profiles, and ameliorating heart disease and atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease of the arteries.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to determine effects of PBM and SHM in preventing atherosclerosis and associated inflammation in an animal model.
    Methods: Four-week-old Ldlr-/- male mice were divided into 5 dietary groups for 16 wk: a low-fat control (LF-C, 11 kcal% fat), high-fat control (HF-C, 18.9 kcal% fat), HF + 10% (wt:wt) PBM (HF-PBM, 19.5 kcal% fat) or SHM (HF-SHM, 19.7 kcal% fat) powder, and HF + mushroom control mix (MIX-C, 19.6 kcal% fat), a diet best matched to the average macronutrient content of both mushrooms. Body composition was measured using MRI. Aortic tricuspid valves and aortas were collected and stained to quantify plaque formation. Adhesion molecule expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry. Plasma lipid and cytokine concentrations were measured.
    Results: We found that mice fed a HF-SHM diet had ∼86% smaller aortic lesion area than mice in both HF-C (P < 0.01) and MIX-C (P < 0.01) groups and also expressed 31-48% lower vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels (P < 0.05) than all other groups. Similarly, HF-PBM-fed mice displayed a 70% reduction in aortic lesion area in the tricuspid valve only (P < 0.05). Both mushroom-fed groups had lower weight gain and fat mass (P < 0.05) than the control groups.
    Conclusion: These results suggest that consumption of PBMs and particularly SHMs is effective in preventing development of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. Future studies will determine active components in mushrooms responsible for this beneficial effect.
    MeSH term(s) Agaricales ; Animals ; Aorta/metabolism ; Atherosclerosis/prevention & control ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Cytokines/blood ; Diet, High-Fat ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation/prevention & control ; Inflammation Mediators/blood ; Lipids/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Organ Size ; Receptors, LDL/genetics ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Inflammation Mediators ; Lipids ; Receptors, LDL ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1093/jn/nxz075
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