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  1. AU=Keller Ray
  2. AU="Gopas, Jacob"
  3. AU="Berthelson, P R"
  4. AU="Rivera-Torres, Juan J"
  5. AU="Henriquez, Javier"
  6. AU="Adele N Burgess"
  7. AU="Spencer T. Plumb"

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  1. Book ; Online: Learning Radio Environments by Differentiable Ray Tracing

    Hoydis, Jakob / Aoudia, Fayçal Aït / Cammerer, Sebastian / Euchner, Florian / Nimier-David, Merlin / Brink, Stephan ten / Keller, Alexander

    2023  

    Abstract: Ray tracing (RT) is instrumental in 6G research in order to generate spatially-consistent and ... with differentiable ray tracers that enable the computation of derivatives of CIRs with respect to these parameters ...

    Abstract Ray tracing (RT) is instrumental in 6G research in order to generate spatially-consistent and environment-specific channel impulse responses (CIRs). While acquiring accurate scene geometries is now relatively straightforward, determining material characteristics requires precise calibration using channel measurements. We therefore introduce a novel gradient-based calibration method, complemented by differentiable parametrizations of material properties, scattering and antenna patterns. Our method seamlessly integrates with differentiable ray tracers that enable the computation of derivatives of CIRs with respect to these parameters. Essentially, we approach field computation as a large computational graph wherein parameters are trainable akin to weights of a neural network (NN). We have validated our method using both synthetic data and real-world indoor channel measurements, employing a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounder.

    Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Information Theory ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
    Publishing date 2023-11-30
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Evolution of Hierarchically Porous Nickel Alumina Catalysts Studied by X-Ray Ptychography.

    Weber, Sebastian / Diaz, Ana / Holler, Mirko / Schropp, Andreas / Lyubomirskiy, Mikhail / Abel, Ken L / Kahnt, Maik / Jeromin, Arno / Kulkarni, Satishkumar / Keller, Thomas F / Gläser, Roger / Sheppard, Thomas L

    Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e2105432

    Abstract: ... widely explored. Here, in situ 2D hard X-ray ptychography (XRP) and 3D ptychographic X-ray computed ...

    Abstract The synthesis of hierarchically porous materials usually requires complex experimental procedures, often based around extensive trial and error approaches. One common synthesis strategy is the sol-gel method, although the relation between synthesis parameters, material structure and function has not been widely explored. Here, in situ 2D hard X-ray ptychography (XRP) and 3D ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) are applied to monitor the development of hierarchical porosity in Ni/Al
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2808093-2
    ISSN 2198-3844 ; 2198-3844
    ISSN (online) 2198-3844
    ISSN 2198-3844
    DOI 10.1002/advs.202105432
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Antibacterial Effects of X-ray and MRI Contrast Media: An In Vitro Pilot Study.

    Brönnimann, Michael P / Hirzberger, Lea / Keller, Peter M / Gsell-Albert, Monika

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 4

    Abstract: ... In this study, the antibacterial effect and mechanism of action of iodinated X-ray contrast agents (Ultravist ...

    Abstract Some radiological contrast agents have been shown to have effects on bacterial growth. In this study, the antibacterial effect and mechanism of action of iodinated X-ray contrast agents (Ultravist 370, Iopamiro 300, Telebrix Gastro 300 and Visipaque) and complexed lanthanide MRI contrast solutions (MultiHance and Dotarem) were tested against six different microorganisms. Bacteria with high and low concentrations were exposed to media containing different contrast media for various lengths of time and at pH 7.0 and 5.5. The antibacterial effect of the media was examined in further tests using agar disk diffusion analysis and the microdilution inhibition method. Bactericidal effects were found for microorganisms at low concentrations and low pH. Reductions were confirmed for
    MeSH term(s) Contrast Media/pharmacology ; Pilot Projects ; X-Rays ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms24043470
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Culling a Self-Assembled Quantum Dot as a Single-Photon Source Using X-ray Microscopy.

    Dey, Arka Bikash / Sanyal, Milan K / Schropp, Andreas / Achilles, Silvio / Keller, Thomas F / Farrer, Ian / Ritchie, David A / Bertram, Florian / Schroer, Christian G / Seeck, Oliver H

    ACS nano

    2023  Volume 17, Issue 16, Page(s) 16080–16088

    Abstract: ... fashion by scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy and X-ray fluorescence with a few tens of nanometers ...

    Abstract Epitaxially grown self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with atom-like optical properties have emerged as the best choice for single-photon sources required for the development of quantum technology and quantum networks. Nondestructive selection of a single QD having desired structural, compositional, and optical characteristics is essential to obtain noise-free, fully indistinguishable single or entangled photons from single-photon emitters. Here, we show that the structural orientations and local compositional inhomogeneities within a single QD and the surrounding wet layer can be probed in a screening fashion by scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy and X-ray fluorescence with a few tens of nanometers-sized synchrotron radiation beam. The presented measurement protocol can be used to cull the best single QD from the enormous number of self-assembled dots grown simultaneously. The obtained results show that the elemental composition and resultant strain profiles of a QD are sensitive to in-plane crystallographic directions. We also observe that lattice expansion after a certain composition-limit introduces shear strain within a QD, enabling the possibility of controlled chiral-QD formation. Nanoscale chirality and compositional anisotropy, contradictory to common assumptions, need to be incorporated into existing theoretical models to predict the optical properties of single-photon sources and to further tune the epitaxial growth process of self-assembled quantum structures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1936-086X
    ISSN (online) 1936-086X
    DOI 10.1021/acsnano.3c04835
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Single alloy nanoparticle x-ray imaging during a catalytic reaction.

    Kim, Young Yong / Keller, Thomas F / Goncalves, Tiago J / Abuin, Manuel / Runge, Henning / Gelisio, Luca / Carnis, Jerome / Vonk, Vedran / Plessow, Philipp N / Vartaniants, Ivan A / Stierle, Andreas

    Science advances

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 40, Page(s) eabh0757

    Abstract: The imaging of active nanoparticles represents a milestone in decoding heterogeneous catalysts’ dynamics. We report the facet-resolved, surface strain state of a single PtRh alloy nanoparticle on ... ...

    Abstract The imaging of active nanoparticles represents a milestone in decoding heterogeneous catalysts’ dynamics. We report the facet-resolved, surface strain state of a single PtRh alloy nanoparticle on SrTiO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abh0757
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: X-ray-Based Techniques to Study the Nano-Bio Interface.

    Sanchez-Cano, Carlos / Alvarez-Puebla, Ramon A / Abendroth, John M / Beck, Tobias / Blick, Robert / Cao, Yuan / Caruso, Frank / Chakraborty, Indranath / Chapman, Henry N / Chen, Chunying / Cohen, Bruce E / Conceição, Andre L C / Cormode, David P / Cui, Daxiang / Dawson, Kenneth A / Falkenberg, Gerald / Fan, Chunhai / Feliu, Neus / Gao, Mingyuan /
    Gargioni, Elisabetta / Glüer, Claus-C / Grüner, Florian / Hassan, Moustapha / Hu, Yong / Huang, Yalan / Huber, Samuel / Huse, Nils / Kang, Yanan / Khademhosseini, Ali / Keller, Thomas F / Körnig, Christian / Kotov, Nicholas A / Koziej, Dorota / Liang, Xing-Jie / Liu, Beibei / Liu, Sijin / Liu, Yang / Liu, Ziyao / Liz-Marzán, Luis M / Ma, Xiaowei / Machicote, Andres / Maison, Wolfgang / Mancuso, Adrian P / Megahed, Saad / Nickel, Bert / Otto, Ferdinand / Palencia, Cristina / Pascarelli, Sakura / Pearson, Arwen / Peñate-Medina, Oula / Qi, Bing / Rädler, Joachim / Richardson, Joseph J / Rosenhahn, Axel / Rothkamm, Kai / Rübhausen, Michael / Sanyal, Milan K / Schaak, Raymond E / Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter / Schmidt, Marius / Schmutzler, Oliver / Schotten, Theo / Schulz, Florian / Sood, A K / Spiers, Kathryn M / Staufer, Theresa / Stemer, Dominik M / Stierle, Andreas / Sun, Xing / Tsakanova, Gohar / Weiss, Paul S / Weller, Horst / Westermeier, Fabian / Xu, Ming / Yan, Huijie / Zeng, Yuan / Zhao, Ying / Zhao, Yuliang / Zhu, Dingcheng / Zhu, Ying / Parak, Wolfgang J

    ACS nano

    2021  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 3754–3807

    Abstract: X-ray-based analytics are routinely applied in many fields, including physics, chemistry ... We describe different X-ray-based methodologies (including those performed at synchrotron light sources and ... X-ray free-electron lasers) and their potentials for application to investigate the nano-bio interface ...

    Abstract X-ray-based analytics are routinely applied in many fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering. The full potential of such techniques in the life sciences and medicine, however, has not yet been fully exploited. We highlight current and upcoming advances in this direction. We describe different X-ray-based methodologies (including those performed at synchrotron light sources and X-ray free-electron lasers) and their potentials for application to investigate the nano-bio interface. The discussion is predominantly guided by asking how such methods could better help to understand and to improve nanoparticle-based drug delivery, though the concepts also apply to nano-bio interactions in general. We discuss current limitations and how they might be overcome, particularly for future use
    MeSH term(s) Lasers ; Nanoparticles ; Radiography ; Synchrotrons ; X-Rays
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1936-086X
    ISSN (online) 1936-086X
    DOI 10.1021/acsnano.0c09563
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL.

    Zhou Hagström, Nanna / Schneider, Michael / Kerber, Nico / Yaroslavtsev, Alexander / Burgos Parra, Erick / Beg, Marijan / Lang, Martin / Günther, Christian M / Seng, Boris / Kammerbauer, Fabian / Popescu, Horia / Pancaldi, Matteo / Neeraj, Kumar / Polley, Debanjan / Jangid, Rahul / Hrkac, Stjepan B / Patel, Sheena K K / Ovcharenko, Sergei / Turenne, Diego /
    Ksenzov, Dmitriy / Boeglin, Christine / Baidakova, Marina / von Korff Schmising, Clemens / Borchert, Martin / Vodungbo, Boris / Chen, Kai / Luo, Chen / Radu, Florin / Müller, Leonard / Martínez Flórez, Miriam / Philippi-Kobs, André / Riepp, Matthias / Roseker, Wojciech / Grübel, Gerhard / Carley, Robert / Schlappa, Justine / Van Kuiken, Benjamin E / Gort, Rafael / Mercadier, Laurent / Agarwal, Naman / Le Guyader, Loïc / Mercurio, Giuseppe / Teichmann, Martin / Delitz, Jan Torben / Reich, Alexander / Broers, Carsten / Hickin, David / Deiter, Carsten / Moore, James / Rompotis, Dimitrios / Wang, Jinxiong / Kane, Daniel / Venkatesan, Sandhya / Meier, Joachim / Pallas, Florent / Jezynski, Tomasz / Lederer, Maximilian / Boukhelef, Djelloul / Szuba, Janusz / Wrona, Krzysztof / Hauf, Steffen / Zhu, Jun / Bergemann, Martin / Kamil, Ebad / Kluyver, Thomas / Rosca, Robert / Spirzewski, Michał / Kuster, Markus / Turcato, Monica / Lomidze, David / Samartsev, Andrey / Engelke, Jan / Porro, Matteo / Maffessanti, Stefano / Hansen, Karsten / Erdinger, Florian / Fischer, Peter / Fiorini, Carlo / Castoldi, Andrea / Manghisoni, Massimo / Wunderer, Cornelia Beatrix / Fullerton, Eric E / Shpyrko, Oleg G / Gutt, Christian / Sanchez-Hanke, Cecilia / Dürr, Hermann A / Iacocca, Ezio / Nembach, Hans T / Keller, Mark W / Shaw, Justin M / Silva, Thomas J / Kukreja, Roopali / Fangohr, Hans / Eisebitt, Stefan / Kläui, Mathias / Jaouen, Nicolas / Scherz, Andreas / Bonetti, Stefano / Jal, Emmanuelle

    Journal of synchrotron radiation

    2022  Volume 29, Issue Pt 6, Page(s) 1454–1464

    Abstract: The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science ... with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray ... megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS ...

    Abstract The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
    MeSH term(s) X-Rays ; Lasers ; Radiography ; Holography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2021413-3
    ISSN 1600-5775 ; 0909-0495
    ISSN (online) 1600-5775
    ISSN 0909-0495
    DOI 10.1107/S1600577522008414
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Book ; Online: Single Alloy Nanoparticle X-Ray Imaging during a Catalytic Reaction

    Kim, Young Yong / Keller, Thomas F. / Goncalves, Tiago J. / Abuin, Manuel / Runge, Henning / Gelisio, Luca / Carnis, Jerome / Vonk, Vedran / Plessow, Philipp N. / Vartanyants, Ivan A. / Stierle, Andreas

    2021  

    Abstract: ... determined by coherent x-ray diffraction imaging under catalytic reaction conditions. Density functional ...

    Abstract The imaging of active nanoparticles represents a milestone in decoding heterogeneous catalysts dynamics. We report the facet resolved, surface strain state of a single PtRh alloy nanoparticle on SrTiO3 determined by coherent x-ray diffraction imaging under catalytic reaction conditions. Density functional theory calculations allow us to correlate the facet surface strain state to its reaction environment dependent chemical composition. We find that the initially Pt terminated nanoparticle surface gets Rh enriched under CO oxidation reaction conditions. The local composition is facet orientation dependent and the Rh enrichment is non-reversible under subsequent CO reduction. Tracking facet resolved strain and composition under operando conditions is crucial for a rational design of more efficient heterogeneous catalysts with tailored activity, selectivity and lifetime.

    Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 32 references
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
    Publishing date 2021-03-02
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and X-ray for classifying erosive rheumatoid arthritis.

    Klose-Jensen, Rasmus / Therkildsen, Josephine / Blavnsfeldt, Anne-Birgitte Garm / Langdahl, Bente L / Zejden, Anna / Thygesen, Jesper / Keller, Kresten Krarup / Hauge, Ellen-Margrethe

    Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

    2021  Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 963–973

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate whether high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) of two metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints can more accurately classify patients as having erosive RA compared with conventional radiography (CR) of 44 joints in the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate whether high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) of two metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints can more accurately classify patients as having erosive RA compared with conventional radiography (CR) of 44 joints in the hands, wrists and feet.
    Methods: In this single-centre cross-sectional study, patients with established RA (disease duration ≥5 years) were investigated by HR-pQCT and CR. The second and third MCP joints of the dominant hand were assessed for erosions by HR-pQCT. CR of the hands, wrists and feet were scored according to the Sharp-van der Heijde (SHS) method.
    Results: In total, 353 patients were included; 66 (18.7%) patients were classified as having non-erosive RA, and 287 (81.3%) had erosive RA by CR. The sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of HR-pQCT for classifying patients as having erosive RA when standard CR of hands, wrists and feet was used as the reference was 89% (84, 92%) and 30% (20, 43%), respectively. Using HR-pQCT as the reference, the sensitivity and specificity of CR for classifying patients having erosive RA were 85% (80, 89%) and 38% (25, 52%), respectively. McNemar's χ2 test showed no significant difference between the sensitivities of patients classified as having erosive RA by HR-pQCT or by CR (2.14, P = 0.177).
    Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of HR-pQCT scanning of only two MCP joints and CR of 44 joints suggests the two modalities were comparable for classifying patients with established RA as having erosive disease.
    Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03429426).
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Foot/diagnostic imaging ; Hand/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Wrist Joint/diagnostic imaging ; X-Rays
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1464822-2
    ISSN 1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
    ISSN (online) 1462-0332
    ISSN 1462-0324
    DOI 10.1093/rheumatology/keab446
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Deep-Learning-Based Diagnosis of Bedside Chest X-ray in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine.

    Niehues, Stefan M / Adams, Lisa C / Gaudin, Robert A / Erxleben, Christoph / Keller, Sarah / Makowski, Marcus R / Vahldiek, Janis L / Bressem, Keno K

    Investigative radiology

    2021  Volume 56, Issue 8, Page(s) 525–534

    Abstract: Objectives: Validation of deep learning models should separately consider bedside chest radiographs (CXRs) as they are the most challenging to interpret, while at the same time the resulting diagnoses are important for managing critically ill patients. ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Validation of deep learning models should separately consider bedside chest radiographs (CXRs) as they are the most challenging to interpret, while at the same time the resulting diagnoses are important for managing critically ill patients. Therefore, we aimed to develop and evaluate deep learning models for the identification of clinically relevant abnormalities in bedside CXRs, using reference standards established by computed tomography (CT) and multiple radiologists.
    Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, a dataset consisting of 18,361 bedside CXRs of patients treated at a level 1 medical center between January 2009 and March 2019 was used. All included CXRs occurred within 24 hours before or after a chest CT. A deep learning algorithm was developed to identify 8 findings on bedside CXRs (cardiac congestion, pleural effusion, air-space opacification, pneumothorax, central venous catheter, thoracic drain, gastric tube, and tracheal tube/cannula). For the training dataset, 17,275 combined labels were extracted from the CXR and CT reports by a deep learning natural language processing (NLP) tool. In case of a disagreement between CXR and CT, human-in-the-loop annotations were used. The test dataset consisted of 583 images, evaluated by 4 radiologists. Performance was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.
    Results: Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for cardiac congestion, pleural effusion, air-space opacification, pneumothorax, central venous catheter, thoracic drain, gastric tube, and tracheal tube/cannula were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.93; 3 radiologists on the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.96; 3 radiologists on the ROC curve), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82-0.89; 1 radiologist on the ROC curve), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.95; 1 radiologist on the ROC curve), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-0.99), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-0.99), 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99), and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-1.00), respectively.
    Conclusions: A deep learning model used specifically for bedside CXRs showed similar performance to expert radiologists. It could therefore be used to detect clinically relevant findings during after-hours and help emergency and intensive care physicians to focus on patient care.
    MeSH term(s) Critical Care ; Deep Learning ; Emergency Medicine ; Humans ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; X-Rays
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80345-5
    ISSN 1536-0210 ; 0020-9996
    ISSN (online) 1536-0210
    ISSN 0020-9996
    DOI 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000771
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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