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Article ; Online: Burden of disease and adaptation to life in patients with Crohn’s perianal fistula

Samuel O. Adegbola / Lesley Dibley / Kapil Sahnan / Tiffany Wade / Azmina Verjee / Rachel Sawyer / Sameer Mannick / Damian McCluskey / Nuha Yassin / Robin K. S. Phillips / Philip J. Tozer / Christine Norton / Ailsa L. Hart

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a qualitative exploration

2020 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Background Perianal fistulas are a challenging manifestation of Crohn’s disease. Best ... treatment. We aimed to understand the experience of living with perianal fistula(s) and their impact ... sampling to recruit participants with current / previous diagnosis of Crohn’s anal fistulas, from national ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Perianal fistulas are a challenging manifestation of Crohn’s disease. Best medical and surgical therapy results in only about a third of patients remaining in remission at one year on maintenance treatment and sustained healing is often elusive. There is little published data on patient perspective of living with the condition or coping strategies in the face of non-curative/non-definitive treatment. We aimed to understand the experience of living with perianal fistula(s) and their impact on quality of life and routine functioning. Methods This exploratory qualitative study used purposive sampling to recruit participants with current / previous diagnosis of Crohn’s anal fistulas, from national IBD / bowel disease charities. The “standards for reporting qualitative research” (SRQR) recommendations were followed. Unstructured individual face-to-face interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Early themes were reviewed by the study team including patient advocates, clinicians and qualitative researchers. Results Twelve interviews were conducted, achieving apparent data saturation. Three broad themes were uncovered: Burden of symptoms; Burden of treatment; and Impact on emotional, physical and social well-being. Each included several sub-themes, with considerable interplay between these. The impact of perianal fistula(s) on patients with CD is intense and wide reaching, negatively affecting intimate, close and social relationships. Fistulas cause losses in life and work-related opportunities, and treatments can be difficult to tolerate. Conclusion Crohn’s perianal fistulas exert a heavy negative physical and emotional impact on patients. These findings will inform development of a patient reported outcome measure to assess treatment effectiveness and quality of life for patients living with this challenging condition.
Keywords	Crohn’s anal fistula ; Patient reported outcomes ; Quality of life ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Suicide and Self-Harm in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A U.S. Virtual Pediatric Systems, LLC, Database Study of PICU Admissions, 2016-2021.

McCluskey, Casey K / Black, Tyler R / Zee-Cheng, Janine / Klein, Margaret J / Lin, Anna / Rogerson, Colin M / Carroll, Christopher L / Remy, Kenneth E / Scanlon, Matthew C / Shein, Steven L / Wright, Melvin / Rotta, Alexandre T

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

2023 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) e73–e81

Abstract: ... of a national public health dataset (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web-based Wide-ranging ...

Abstract	Objectives: To characterize the epidemiology of suicide and self-harm among adolescents admitted to PICUs during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Design: Descriptive analysis of a large, multicenter, quality-controlled database (Virtual Pediatric Systems [VPS]), and of a national public health dataset (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web-based Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiology Research [CDC WONDER]). Setting: The 69 PICUs participating in the VPS database that contributed data for the entire the study period, January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. Patients: Adolescents older than 12 years to younger than 18 years old admitted to a participating PICU during the study period with a diagnosis involving self-harm or a suicide attempt (VPS sample), or adolescent suicide deaths over the same period (CDC WONDER sample). Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: We identified 10,239 suicide deaths and 7,692 PICU admissions for self-harm, including 5,414 admissions in the pre-pandemic period (Q1-2016 to Q1-2020) and 2,278 in the pandemic period (Q2-2020 to Q4-2021). Compared with the pre-pandemic period, there was no increase in the median (interquartile range) number of suicide deaths per quarter (429 [399-453] vs. 416 [390-482]) or PICU admissions for self-harm per quarter (315 [289-353] vs. 310 [286-387]) during the pandemic period, respectively. There was an increase in the ratio of self-harm PICU admissions to all-cause PICU admissions per quarter during the pandemic (1.98 [1.43-2.12]) compared with the pre-pandemic period per quarter (1.59 [1.46-1.74]). We also observed a significant decrease in all-cause PICU admissions per quarter early in the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period (16,026 [13,721-16,297] vs. 19,607 [18,371-20,581]). Conclusions: The number of suicide deaths and PICU admissions per quarter for self-harm remained relatively constant during the pandemic, while the number of all-cause PICU admissions per quarter decreased compared with the pre-pandemic period. The resultant higher ratio of self-harm admissions to all-cause PICU admissions may have contributed to the perception that more adolescents required critical care for mental health-related conditions early in the pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Pandemics ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Databases, Factual ; Suicide/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052349-X
ISSN	1947-3893 ; 1529-7535
ISSN (online)	1947-3893
ISSN	1529-7535
DOI	10.1097/PCC.0000000000003381
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Article ; Online: Bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularisation in enhanced S-cone syndrome.

Broadhead, G K / Grigg, J R / McCluskey, P / Korsakova, M / Chang, A A

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology

2016 Volume 133, Issue 2, Page(s) 139–143

Abstract: Introduction: We present a case of enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS)-associated ... of the patient and her younger sister showed severely reduced rod responses with accentuated fast cone (S-cone ...

Abstract	Introduction: We present a case of enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS)-associated choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) treated successfully with intravitreal bevacizumab therapy. Methods/case report: A 14-year-old with a known retinal dystrophy presented with acute visual deterioration. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated CNV, and treatment was initiated with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent, with significant improvement in vision. Subsequent electroretinogram examination of the patient and her younger sister showed severely reduced rod responses with accentuated fast cone (S-cone only) response, confirming the diagnosis of ESCS as the underlying dystrophy. Conclusion: CNV is a rare complication of ESCS that is responsive to anti-VEGF therapy. Although cystic retinal lesions may develop in patients with retinal dystrophies due to multiple possible aetiologies, CNV is a known cause of macula oedema in these patients that requires treatment with different agents, namely anti-VEGF therapy. Rapid visual loss in patients with inherited retinal disorders should prompt immediate clinical assessment to exclude CNV, and if CNV is detected, anti-VEGF therapy can preserve vision.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab/therapeutic use ; Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy ; Eye Diseases, Hereditary/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Retinal Degeneration/complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vision Disorders/complications ; Visual Acuity
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Bevacizumab (2S9ZZM9Q9V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	212594-8
ISSN	1573-2622 ; 0012-4486
ISSN (online)	1573-2622
ISSN	0012-4486
DOI	10.1007/s10633-016-9555-9
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Article ; Online: The U.S. Culture Collection Network Responding to the Requirements of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing.

mBio

2017 Volume 8, Issue 4

Abstract: The U.S. Culture Collection Network held a meeting to share information about how culture ... other biological collections, the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Secretariat of the CBD ... of obtaining Prior Informed Consent on Mutually Agreed Terms. U.S. scientists and their international ...

Abstract	The U.S. Culture Collection Network held a meeting to share information about how culture collections are responding to the requirements of the recently enacted Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The meeting included representatives of many culture collections and other biological collections, the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Secretariat of the CBD, interested scientific societies, and collection groups, including Scientific Collections International and the Global Genome Biodiversity Network. The participants learned about the policies of the United States and other countries regarding access to genetic resources, the definition of genetic resources, and the status of historical materials and genetic sequence information. Key topics included what constitutes access and how the CBD Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House can help guide researchers through the process of obtaining Prior Informed Consent on Mutually Agreed Terms. U.S. scientists and their international collaborators are required to follow the regulations of other countries when working with microbes originally isolated outside the United States, and the local regulations required by the Nagoya Protocol vary by the country of origin of the genetic resource. Managers of diverse living collections in the United States described their holdings and their efforts to provide access to genetic resources. This meeting laid the foundation for cooperation in establishing a set of standard operating procedures for U.S. and international culture collections in response to the Nagoya Protocol.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence ; Agriculture/organization & administration ; Biodiversity ; Biological Specimen Banks/legislation & jurisprudence ; Biological Specimen Banks/organization & administration ; Biotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence ; Biotechnology/organization & administration ; Databases, Genetic/legislation & jurisprudence ; Environmental Microbiology ; Models, Genetic ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mBio.00982-17
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Article ; Online: Retrospective testing and case series study of porcine delta coronavirus in U.S. swine herds.

McCluskey, Brian J / Haley, Charles / Rovira, Albert / Main, Rodger / Zhang, Yan / Barder, Sunny

Preventive veterinary medicine

2015 Volume 123, Page(s) 185–191

Abstract: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was first reported in the United States (US) in February 2014. This was the second novel swine enteric coronavirus detected in the US since May 2013. In this study, we conducted retrospective testing of samples submitted ... ...

Abstract	Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was first reported in the United States (US) in February 2014. This was the second novel swine enteric coronavirus detected in the US since May 2013. In this study, we conducted retrospective testing of samples submitted to three veterinary diagnostic laboratories where qualifying biological samples were derived from previously submitted diagnostic case submissions from US commercial swine farms with a clinical history of enteric disease or from cases that had been previously tested for transmissible gastroenteritis virus, PEDV, or rotavirus. Overall, 2286 banked samples were tested from 27 States. Samples were collected in 3 separate years and in 17 different months. Test results revealed 4 positive samples, 3 collected in August 2013 and 1 collected in October 2013. In addition, a case series including 42 operations in 10 States was conducted through administration of a survey. Survey data collected included information on characteristics of swine operations that had experienced PDCoV clinical signs. Special emphasis was placed on obtaining descriptive estimates of biosecurity practices and disease status over time of each operation. Clinical signs of PDCoV were reported to be similar to those of PEDV. The average number of animals on each operation exhibiting clinical signs (morbidity) and the average number of case fatalities was greatest for suckling and weaned pigs. Average operation-level weaned pig morbidity was greatest in the first week of the outbreak while average operation-level suckling pig case fatality was greatest in the second week of the outbreak. The survey included questions regarding biosecurity practices for visitors and operation employees; trucks, equipment and drivers; and feed sources. These questions attempted to identify a likely pathway of introduction of PDCoV onto the operations surveyed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Diarrhea/epidemiology ; Diarrhea/mortality ; Diarrhea/veterinary ; Diarrhea/virology ; Morbidity ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Swine Diseases/mortality ; Swine Diseases/virology ; United States/epidemiology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	43399-8
ISSN	1873-1716 ; 0167-5877
ISSN (online)	1873-1716
ISSN	0167-5877
DOI	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.10.018
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Article: The U.S. Culture Collection Network Lays the Foundation for Progress in Preservation of Valuable Microbial Resources.

McCluskey, Kevin / Alvarez, Anne / Bennett, Rick / Bokati, Deepak / Boundy-Mills, Kyria / Brown, Daniel / Bull, Carolee T / Coffey, Michael / Dreaden, Tyler / Duke, Clifford / Dye, Greg / Ehmke, Erin / Eversole, Kellye / Fenstermacher, Kristi / Geiser, David / Glaeser, Jessie A / Greene, Stephanie / Gribble, Lisa / Griffith, M Patrick /

Phytopathology

2016 Volume 106, Issue 6, Page(s) 532–540

Abstract: The U.S. Culture Collection Network was formed in 2012 by a group of culture collection scientists ... group. The network is supported by a Research Coordination Network grant from the U.S. National Science ... shared data, and synergy with genome programs, the network held a meeting at the U.S. Department ...

Abstract	The U.S. Culture Collection Network was formed in 2012 by a group of culture collection scientists and stakeholders in order to continue the progress established previously through efforts of an ad hoc group. The network is supported by a Research Coordination Network grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and has the goals of promoting interaction among collections, encouraging the adoption of best practices, and protecting endangered or orphaned collections. After prior meetings to discuss best practices, shared data, and synergy with genome programs, the network held a meeting at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP) in Fort Collins, Colorado in October 2015 specifically to discuss collections that are vulnerable because of changes in funding programs, or are at risk of loss because of retirement or lack of funding. The meeting allowed collection curators who had already backed up their resources at the USDA NCGRP to visit the site, and brought collection owners, managers, and stakeholders together. Eight formal collections have established off-site backups with the USDA-ARS, ensuring that key material will be preserved for future research. All of the collections with backup at the NCGRP are public distributing collections including U.S. NSF-supported genetic stock centers, USDA-ARS collections, and university-supported collections. Facing the retirement of several pioneering researchers, the community discussed the value of preserving personal research collections and agreed that a mechanism to preserve these valuable collections was essential to any future national culture collection system. Additional input from curators of plant and animal collections emphasized that collections of every kind face similar challenges in developing long-range plans for sustainability.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Databases, Factual/legislation & jurisprudence ; Genomics/organization & administration ; Microbiology/organization & administration ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture/organization & administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO-02-16-0074-RVW
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Article: Genetic Structure of Invasive Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) Populations in a Michigan Dune System

Leimbach-Maus, Hailee B / McCluskey, Eric M / Locher, Alexandra / Parks, Syndell R / Partridge, Charlyn G

Plants. 2020 Aug. 31, v. 9, no. 9

2020

Abstract: ... Gypsophila paniculata L. (perennial baby’s breath). The presence of G. paniculata negatively impacts native species and ...

Abstract	Coastal sand dunes are dynamic ecosystems with elevated levels of disturbance and are highly susceptible to plant invasions. One invasive plant that is of concern to the Great Lakes system is Gypsophila paniculata L. (perennial baby’s breath). The presence of G. paniculata negatively impacts native species and has the potential to alter ecosystem dynamics. Our research goals were to (1) estimate the genetic structure of invasive G. paniculata along the Michigan dune system and (2) identify landscape features that influence gene flow in this area. We analyzed 12 populations at 14 nuclear and two chloroplast microsatellite loci. We found strong genetic structure among populations (global FST = 0.228), and pairwise comparisons among all populations yielded significant FST values. Results from clustering analysis via STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) suggest two main genetic clusters that are separated by the Leelanau Peninsula, and this is supported by the distribution of chloroplast haplotypes. Land cover and topography better explained pairwise genetic distances than geographic distance alone, suggesting that these factors influence the genetic distribution of populations within the dunes system. Together, these data aid in our understanding of how invasive populations move through the dune landscape, providing valuable information for managing the spread of this species.
Keywords	Gypsophila paniculata ; chloroplasts ; cluster analysis ; discriminant analysis ; dunes ; ecological invasion ; ecosystems ; gene flow ; genetic distance ; genetic structure ; haplotypes ; indigenous species ; invasive species ; land cover ; landscapes ; microsatellite repeats ; topography ; Great Lakes ; Michigan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0831
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants9091123
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Article ; Online: Efficiency of U.S. dialysis centers: an updated examination of facility characteristics that influence production of dialysis treatments.

Shreay, Sanatan / Ma, Martin / McCluskey, Jill / Mittelhammer, Ron C / Gitlin, Matthew / Stephens, J Mark

Health services research

2013 Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 838–857

Abstract: ... from 2010 Medicare Renal Cost Reports. Demographic data were obtained from the 2010 U.S. Census ...

Abstract	Objective: To explore the relative efficiency of dialysis facilities in the United States and identify factors that are associated with efficiency in the production of dialysis treatments. Data sources/study setting: Medicare cost report data from 4,343 free-standing dialysis facilities in the United States that offered in-center hemodialysis in 2010. Study design: A cross-sectional, facility-level retrospective database analysis, utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate facility efficiency. Data collection/extraction methods: Treatment data and cost and labor inputs of dialysis treatments were obtained from 2010 Medicare Renal Cost Reports. Demographic data were obtained from the 2010 U.S. Census. Principal findings: Only 26.6 percent of facilities were technically efficient. Neither the intensity of market competition nor the profit status of the facility had a significant effect on efficiency. Facilities that were members of large chains were less likely to be efficient. Cost and labor savings due to changes in drug protocols had little effect on overall dialysis center efficiency. Conclusions: The majority of free-standing dialysis facilities in the United States were functioning in a technically inefficient manner. As payment systems increasingly employ capitation and bundling provisions, these institutions will need to evaluate their efficiency to remain competitive.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Ambulatory Care Facilities/standards ; Ambulatory Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410435-3
ISSN	1475-6773 ; 0017-9124
ISSN (online)	1475-6773
ISSN	0017-9124
DOI	10.1111/1475-6773.12127
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Article ; Online: Human TRAV1-2-negative MR1-restricted T cells detect S. pyogenes and alternatives to MAIT riboflavin-based antigens.

Meermeier, Erin W / Laugel, Bruno F / Sewell, Andrew K / Corbett, Alexandra J / Rossjohn, Jamie / McCluskey, James / Harriff, Melanie J / Franks, Tamera / Gold, Marielle C / Lewinsohn, David M

Nature communications

2016 Volume 7, Page(s) 12506

Abstract: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are thought to detect microbial antigens presented by the HLA-Ib molecule MR1 through the exclusive use of a TRAV1-2-containing TCRα. Here we use MR1 tetramer staining and ex vivo analysis with mycobacteria- ... ...

Abstract	Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are thought to detect microbial antigens presented by the HLA-Ib molecule MR1 through the exclusive use of a TRAV1-2-containing TCRα. Here we use MR1 tetramer staining and ex vivo analysis with mycobacteria-infected MR1-deficient cells to demonstrate the presence of functional human MR1-restricted T cells that lack TRAV1-2. We characterize an MR1-restricted clone that expresses the TRAV12-2 TCRα, which lacks residues previously shown to be critical for MR1-antigen recognition. In contrast to TRAV1-2(+) MAIT cells, this TRAV12-2-expressing clone displays a distinct pattern of microbial recognition by detecting infection with the riboflavin auxotroph Streptococcus pyogenes. As known MAIT antigens are derived from riboflavin metabolites, this suggests that TRAV12-2(+) clone recognizes unique antigens. Thus, MR1-restricted T cells can discriminate between microbes in a TCR-dependent manner. We postulate that additional MR1-restricted T-cell subsets may play a unique role in defence against infection by broadening the recognition of microbial metabolites.
MeSH term(s)	A549 Cells ; Antigen Presentation/immunology ; Antigens/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/immunology ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism ; Riboflavin/immunology ; Riboflavin/metabolism ; Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Streptococcal Infections/immunology ; Streptococcal Infections/microbiology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/physiology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; MR1 protein, human ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; Riboflavin (TLM2976OFR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/ncomms12506
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Article: Retrospective testing and case series study of porcine delta coronavirus in U.S. swine herds

McCluskey, Brian J / Haley, Charles / Rovira, Albert / Main, Rodger / Zhang, Yan / Barder, Sunny

Preventive veterinary medicine. 2016 Jan. 01, v. 123

2016

Abstract	Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was first reported in the United States (US) in February 2014. This was the second novel swine enteric coronavirus detected in the US since May 2013. In this study, we conducted retrospective testing of samples submitted to three veterinary diagnostic laboratories where qualifying biological samples were derived from previously submitted diagnostic case submissions from US commercial swine farms with a clinical history of enteric disease or from cases that had been previously tested for transmissible gastroenteritis virus, PEDV, or rotavirus. Overall, 2286 banked samples were tested from 27 States. Samples were collected in 3 separate years and in 17 different months. Test results revealed 4 positive samples, 3 collected in August 2013 and 1 collected in October 2013. In addition, a case series including 42 operations in 10 States was conducted through administration of a survey. Survey data collected included information on characteristics of swine operations that had experienced PDCoV clinical signs. Special emphasis was placed on obtaining descriptive estimates of biosecurity practices and disease status over time of each operation. Clinical signs of PDCoV were reported to be similar to those of PEDV. The average number of animals on each operation exhibiting clinical signs (morbidity) and the average number of case fatalities was greatest for suckling and weaned pigs. Average operation-level weaned pig morbidity was greatest in the first week of the outbreak while average operation-level suckling pig case fatality was greatest in the second week of the outbreak. The survey included questions regarding biosecurity practices for visitors and operation employees; trucks, equipment and drivers; and feed sources. These questions attempted to identify a likely pathway of introduction of PDCoV onto the operations surveyed.
Keywords	Deltacoronavirus ; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus ; biosecurity ; epidemiology ; farms ; herds ; human resources ; morbidity ; suckling ; surveys ; swine ; trucks ; United States ; covid19
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0101
Size	p. 185-191.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	43399-8
ISSN	1873-1716 ; 0167-5877
ISSN (online)	1873-1716
ISSN	0167-5877
DOI	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.10.018
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