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  1. Article ; Online: Neuroendoscopy: The State of the Art.

    Tosi, Umberto / Guadix, Sergio W / Souweidane, Mark M

    World neurosurgery

    2023  Volume 178, Page(s) 305–310

    Abstract: Over the past century, neuroendoscopy developed into a mainstay of neurosurgical practice, allowing for minimally invasive approaches to the ventricles, skull base, and spine. Its development, however, is far from over. Current challenges are inherent in ...

    Abstract Over the past century, neuroendoscopy developed into a mainstay of neurosurgical practice, allowing for minimally invasive approaches to the ventricles, skull base, and spine. Its development, however, is far from over. Current challenges are inherent in the very feature that renders neuroendoscopy appealing-the small channels of the modern endoscope allow surgery to be performed with minimal tissue retraction, but they also make hemostasis and resection of large masses difficult. New optics allow for significantly improved image quality; yet open craniotomy often allows for 3-dimensional visualization and bimanual dissection and is part of everyday neurosurgical training. Finally, the utilization of neuroendoscopy remains limited, presenting ongoing challenges for neurosurgical teaching and achievement of technical mastery.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neuroendoscopy/methods ; Skull Base/surgery ; Craniotomy ; Endoscopes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.125
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Neuroendoscopy: How We Got Here.

    Tosi, Umberto / Guadix, Sergio W / Cohen, Alan R / Souweidane, Mark M

    World neurosurgery

    2023  Volume 178, Page(s) 298–304

    Abstract: From its inception in ancient Egyptian rituals, neuroendoscopy always promised a minimally invasive route to the cerebrum. Early visionaries, however, hit the proverbial wall of technical development until the 20th century, when new technologies allowed ... ...

    Abstract From its inception in ancient Egyptian rituals, neuroendoscopy always promised a minimally invasive route to the cerebrum. Early visionaries, however, hit the proverbial wall of technical development until the 20th century, when new technologies allowed for light to be transmitted across a tube for visualization of intracranial structures. Despite a hiccupping start, with surgical microscopy hampering initial excitement, the development and transformation of neuroendoscopy continued, and today it is a widespread and reliable surgical option for the treatment of numerous varied and complex pathologies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neuroendoscopy/history ; Head ; Egypt
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.124
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Laser interstitial thermal therapy as a radiation-sparing approach for central nervous system tumors in children with cancer predisposition syndromes: report of a child with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Illustrative case.

    Guadix, Sergio W / Pandey, Abhinav / Gundlach, Carson / Walsh, Michael / Moss, Nelson S / Souweidane, Mark M

    Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 6

    Abstract: Background: Ionizing radiation and alkylating chemotherapies increase secondary malignancy risk in patients with cancer predisposition syndromes (CPSs), such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive ... ...

    Abstract Background: Ionizing radiation and alkylating chemotherapies increase secondary malignancy risk in patients with cancer predisposition syndromes (CPSs), such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive ablation technique that has not been associated with mutagenic risks. We describe the case of a child with LFS and a history of treated choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) who developed a second primary glial tumor that was safely treated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided LITT.
    Observations: A 4-year-old male with left parietal World Health Organization grade III CPC associated with a TP53 germline mutation was evaluated. The patient underwent neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy before near-total resection, followed by 131I-8H9 immunotherapy and 30 fractions of 54-Gy proton radiotherapy. He remained without evidence of disease for 2 years before developing a slow-growing mass adjacent to the left frontal ventricular horn. Stereotactic biopsy revealed a glial neoplasm. Given the nonsuperficial location and focality of the lesion, MRI-guided LITT was performed for ablative therapy. There were no complications, and 2 years of surveillance revealed continued retraction of the ablated tumor focus and no subsequent disease.
    Lessons: Alternatives to mutagenic therapies for brain tumors should be explored for patients with CPS. LITT paired with imaging surveillance is a logical strategy to ensure durable outcomes and mitigate treatment-related secondary neoplasms.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2694-1902
    ISSN (online) 2694-1902
    DOI 10.3171/CASE23595
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Durability of an endoscopic management strategy for recurrent choroid plexus carcinoma with a comprehensive molecular characterization: illustrative case.

    Guadix, Sergio W / Garman, Tyler S / Gundlach, Carson / Pisapia, David J / Souweidane, Mark M

    Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons

    2023  Volume 5, Issue 10

    Abstract: Objective: Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare, primarily intraventricular neoplasm. Extent of resection correlates with improved outcomes but is limited due to tumor vascularity and size. Evidence on optimal surgical management and molecular ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare, primarily intraventricular neoplasm. Extent of resection correlates with improved outcomes but is limited due to tumor vascularity and size. Evidence on optimal surgical management and molecular drivers of recurrence remains limited. Here the authors characterize a case of multiply recurrent CPC treated with sequential endoscopic removals over 10 years and highlight its genomic properties.
    Observations: Five years after standard treatment, a 16-year-old female presented with a distant intraventricular recurrence of CPC. Whole exome sequencing revealed NF1, PER1, and SLC12A2 mutations, FGFR3 gain, and no TP53 alterations. Repeat sequencing on recurrences 4 and 5 years later showed persistent NF1 and FGFR3 alterations. Methylation profiling was consistent with plexus tumor, subclass pediatric B. Short-term magnetic resonance imaging detected four total isolated recurrences, all treated with complete endoscopic resections at 5, 6.5, 9, and 10 years after initial diagnosis. Mean hospital stay for all recurrences was 1 day with no complications.
    Lessons: The authors describe a patient with four isolated recurrences of CPC over a decade, each treated with complete endoscopic removal, and identify unique molecular alterations that persisted without TP53 alterations. These outcomes support frequent neuroimaging to facilitate endoscopic surgical removal following early detection of CPC recurrence.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2694-1902
    ISSN (online) 2694-1902
    DOI 10.3171/CASE22508
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Letter: Addressing Barriers to Student Participation in Neurosurgical Conferences: Experiences From the Inaugural Early Career Neuroscience Virtual Research Symposium.

    Rallo, Michael S / Zappi, Kyle E / Koller, Gretchen M / Guadix, Sergio W / Kortz, Michael W / Hersh, David S / Pannullo, Susan C

    Neurosurgery

    2023  Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) e66–e68

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neurosciences ; Students ; Career Choice ; Students, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 135446-2
    ISSN 1524-4040 ; 0148-396X
    ISSN (online) 1524-4040
    ISSN 0148-396X
    DOI 10.1227/neu.0000000000002315
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: New Educational Paradigms in Neurosurgery and a Novel Learning Platform.

    Radwanski, Ryan E / Guadix, Sergio W / Rothbaum, Michael / Shlobin, Nathan A / Kortz, Michael W / Evins, Alexander / Pannullo, Susan C

    World neurosurgery

    2022  Volume 163, Page(s) 151–154

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Learning ; Neurosurgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Students, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.074
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Defining Occult High-Risk Cysts of the Pineal Region: A Case Series.

    Guadix, Sergio W / Marianayagam, Neelan J / Weidman, Elizabeth K / Yuan, Melissa / Liechty, Benjamin / Greenfield, Jeffrey P / Souweidane, Mark M

    Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 572–581

    Abstract: Background: Absence of hydrocephalus on neuroimaging may impart a false sense of security for patients with pineal cysts. In this case series, we characterize a subset of patients with pineal cysts having an occult presentation. Unifying features of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Absence of hydrocephalus on neuroimaging may impart a false sense of security for patients with pineal cysts. In this case series, we characterize a subset of patients with pineal cysts having an occult presentation. Unifying features of worsening paroxysmal headaches suggesting intermittent obstructive hydrocephalus and radiographic evidence of third ventricular invagination characterize these patients as high risk.
    Objective: To define features of occult, high-risk pineal cysts and outcomes of endoscopic cyst fenestration.
    Methods: Charts were retrospectively reviewed for patients with pineal cysts evaluated at our institution between 2018 and 2021 who underwent endoscopic cyst fenestration. To capture cysts presenting as occult, patients were excluded if hydrocephalus was noted at presentation. Relevant clinical history, imaging, operative data, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.
    Results: Of 50 pineal cyst patients, 4 satisfied inclusion criteria. All patients presented with worsening paroxysmal headaches. In addition, 75% (3/4) also experienced intermittent syncope. Patients exhibited no hydrocephalus (n = 3) or fluctuating ventricular size on longitudinal imaging (n = 1). In all cases, high-resolution sagittal 3-dimensional T2 magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated invagination of the cyst anteriorly into the posterior third ventricle. All patients underwent endoscopic cyst fenestration with complete symptom resolution (mean follow-up of 20.6 months; range 3.5-37.4 months).
    Conclusion: The clinical history for occult, high-risk pineal cysts is notable for worsening paroxysmal headaches and episodic alterations of consciousness suggesting intermittent obstructive hydrocephalus. Because ventricular size can appear normal on standard imaging protocols, clinical suspicion should trigger workup with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging designed to detect these cysts. Endoscopic cyst fenestration is a safe and efficacious management strategy.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Cysts/complications ; Cysts/diagnostic imaging ; Cysts/surgery ; Hydrocephalus/diagnostic imaging ; Hydrocephalus/etiology ; Hydrocephalus/surgery ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Central Nervous System Cysts/complications ; Central Nervous System Cysts/diagnostic imaging ; Central Nervous System Cysts/surgery ; Headache/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2767575-0
    ISSN 2332-4260 ; 2332-4252
    ISSN (online) 2332-4260
    ISSN 2332-4252
    DOI 10.1227/ons.0000000000000620
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  8. Article ; Online: Comparative Analysis of 2D and 3D Metrics for Evaluation of Postoperative Outcomes Following Endoscopic Suturectomy for Sagittal Craniosynostosis.

    Medina, Mauricio P / Imahiyerobo, Thomas / Odigie, Eseosa / Guadix, Sergio W / De Silva, Neranjan / Buontempo, Michelle / Souweidane, Mark M / Hoffman, Caitlin E

    The Journal of craniofacial surgery

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 1699–1704

    Abstract: To assess whether 3-dimensional (3D) volumetrics can be used to track and evaluate postoperative course of patients treated with endoscopic suturectomy for nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis, we compared changes in 2-dimensional (2D) measurements along ... ...

    Abstract To assess whether 3-dimensional (3D) volumetrics can be used to track and evaluate postoperative course of patients treated with endoscopic suturectomy for nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis, we compared changes in 2-dimensional (2D) measurements along with 3D volumetric correlates throughout the period of helmet therapy. Forty-six patients treated at our institution with endoscopic suturectomy for sagittal synostosis were retrospectively reviewed. Head circumference (HC), cephalic index (CI), and total cranial volumes (TCVs) were measured at 3 timepoints following surgery using optical surface scans obtained for helmet orthotics. All measurements showed significant differences between timepoints on the analysis of variance ( P <0.001). There was a significant correlation between CI and TCV (r=0.35, P =0.004) and between HC and TCV (r=0.81, P <0.001). The normalized rate of change over the course of treatment was significantly higher for TCV (36.7%) than for CI (8.8%) and HC (8.4%, P <0.001), with no difference between HC and CI. The authors conclude that 3D metrics were able to reliably follow the course of postoperative 2D metrics. There was a direct and linear correlation between HC and CI with TCV. Total cranial volumes showed the highest rate of sustained change at every timepoint. Although CI and HC plateau after the first measurement, TCV continues to adapt over the course of treatment. These results demonstrate the feasibility and value of volumetrics from 3D imaging to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of postoperative surgical outcomes than traditional 2D metrics without the ionizing radiation traditionally utilized for CT to obtain 3D metrics.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Benchmarking ; Treatment Outcome ; Craniosynostoses/diagnostic imaging ; Craniosynostoses/surgery ; Craniosynostoses/etiology ; Skull/surgery ; Craniotomy/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1159501-2
    ISSN 1536-3732 ; 1049-2275
    ISSN (online) 1536-3732
    ISSN 1049-2275
    DOI 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009485
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  9. Article ; Online: Shared Objective Mentorship via Virtual Research and Education Initiatives for Medical Students and Residents in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review and Methodological Discussion of the Neurosurgery Education and Research Virtual Group Experience.

    Koller, Gretchen M / Reardon, Taylor / Kortz, Michael W / Shlobin, Nathan A / Guadix, Sergio W / McCray, Edwin / Radwanski, Ryan E / Snyder, Harrison M / DiGiorgio, Anthony M / Hersh, David S / Pannullo, Susan C

    World neurosurgery

    2023  Volume 172, Page(s) 20–33

    Abstract: Objective: Virtual mentorship and research programs are becoming increasingly popular to facilitate education and career development for students and residents. We review virtual research initiatives for early trainees in neurosurgery and describe our ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Virtual mentorship and research programs are becoming increasingly popular to facilitate education and career development for students and residents. We review virtual research initiatives for early trainees in neurosurgery and describe our effort to expand access to resources and shared objective mentorship (SOM) via the novel Neurosurgery Education and Research Virtual Group (NERVE).
    Methods: A systematic review of neurosurgical programming delivered via a virtual platform was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Identified articles were screened. Those meeting prespecified inclusion criteria were reviewed in full and examined for relevant data. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel, and means and standard deviations were calculated. Descriptive analysis of NERVE characteristics was also performed.
    Results: Of the 2438 identified articles, 10 were included. The most common (70%) implementation style was a webinar-based lecture series. The least common (10%) was a longitudinal curricular interest group. Of the total NERVE cohort, 90% were first generation medical students and 82% attended institutions without home programs. Survey results indicated 73.8% had contributed to at least 2 research projects throughout the year.
    Conclusions: There is a scarcity of virtual neurosurgical resources which facilitate SOM opportunities for trainees. In our systematic review, NERVE is the only multi-institutional virtual initiative aimed at increasing access to neurosurgical education and research opportunities for the purpose of SOM among early trainees from disadvantaged backgrounds. This highlights the group's niche and potential impact on increasing diversity in neurosurgery, improving trainees' career development, and facilitating future resident research productivity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neurosurgery/education ; Students, Medical ; Mentors ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Education, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.01.035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Changes in racial and ethnic disparities in lumbar spinal surgery associated with the passage of the Affordable Care Act, 2006-2014.

    Harris, Andrew / Guadix, Sergio W / Riley, Lee H / Jain, Amit / Kebaish, Khaled M / Skolasky, Richard L

    The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 64–70

    Abstract: Background context: Since implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, more Americans have health insurance, and many racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare have improved. We previously reported that Black and ... ...

    Abstract Background context: Since implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, more Americans have health insurance, and many racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare have improved. We previously reported that Black and Hispanic patients undergo surgery for spinal stenosis at lower rates than do white patients.
    Purpose: To assess changes in racial/ethnic disparities in rates of lumbar spinal surgery after passage of the ACA.
    Study design: Retrospective analysis.
    Patient sample: Approximately 3.2 million adults who underwent lumbar spinal surgery in the US from 2006 through 2014.
    Outcome measures: Racial disparities in discharge rates before versus after ACA passage.
    Methods: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Supplement, and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, criteria for definite lumbar spinal surgery, we calculated rates of lumbar spinal surgery as the number of hospital discharges divided by population estimates and stratified patients by race/ethnicity after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Calendar years were stratified as before ACA passage (2006-2010) or after ACA passage (2011-2014). Poisson regression was used to model hospital discharge rates as a function of race/ethnicity before and after ACA passage after adjustment for potential confounders.
    Results: All rates are expressed per 1,000 persons. The overall median discharge rate decreased from 1.9 before ACA passage to 1.6 after ACA passage (p < .001). After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, the Black:White disparity in discharge rates decreased from 0.40:1 before ACA to 0.44:1 after ACA (p < .001). A similar decrease in the Hispanic:White disparity occurred, from 0.35:1 before ACA to 0.38:1 after ACA (p < .001).
    Conclusion: Small but significant decreases occurred in racial/ethnic disparities in hospital discharge rates for lumbar spinal surgery after ACA passage.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Ethnic Groups ; Healthcare Disparities ; Hispanic Americans ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Medically Uninsured ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ; Retrospective Studies ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2037072-6
    ISSN 1878-1632 ; 1529-9430
    ISSN (online) 1878-1632
    ISSN 1529-9430
    DOI 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.07.018
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