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  1. Article: Nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent viral respiratory infection in community settings: an umbrella review.

    Zhao, Hedi / Jatana, Sukhdeep / Bartoszko, Jessica / Loeb, Mark

    ERJ open research

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 2

    Abstract: Background: Respiratory viruses pose an important public health threat to most communities. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as masks, hand hygiene or physical distancing, among others, are believed to play an important role in reducing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Respiratory viruses pose an important public health threat to most communities. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as masks, hand hygiene or physical distancing, among others, are believed to play an important role in reducing transmission of respiratory viruses. In this umbrella review, we summarise the evidence of the effectiveness of NPIs for the prevention of respiratory virus transmission in the community setting.
    Observations: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane reviews resulted in a total of 24 studies consisting of 11 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 12 systematic reviews without meta-analyses and one standalone meta-analysis. The current evidence from these data suggests that hand hygiene is protective against respiratory viral infection. The use of hand hygiene and facemasks, facemasks alone and physical distancing were interventions with inconsistent evidence. Interventions such as school closures, oral hygiene or nasal saline rinses were shown to be effective in reducing the risk of influenza; however, the evidence is sparse and mostly of low and critically low quality.
    Conclusions: Studies on the effectiveness of NPIs for the prevention of respiratory viral transmission in the community vary in study design, quality and reported effectiveness. Evidence for the use of hand hygiene or facemasks is the strongest; therefore, the most reasonable suggestion is to use hand hygiene and facemasks in the community setting.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2827830-6
    ISSN 2312-0541
    ISSN 2312-0541
    DOI 10.1183/23120541.00650-2021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Carbapenemase-Producing

    Bartoszko, Jessica J / Mitchell, Robyn / Katz, Kevin / Mulvey, Michael / Mataseje, Laura

    Microbiology spectrum

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e0097522

    Abstract: Data regarding the epidemiology of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) carbapenemase- ... ...

    Abstract Data regarding the epidemiology of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) carbapenemase-producing
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Canada/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; carbapenemase (EC 3.5.2.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2807133-5
    ISSN 2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    ISSN 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/spectrum.00975-22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Conduct and reporting of multivariate network meta-analyses: a scoping review.

    Bartoszko, Jessica J / Gutiérrez García, Mayra / Díaz Martínez, Juan Pablo / Yegorov, Sergey / Brignardello-Petersen, Romina / Mertz, Dominik / Thabane, Lehana / Loeb, Mark

    Journal of clinical epidemiology

    2023  Volume 166, Page(s) 111238

    Abstract: Objectives: Combining multivariate and network meta-analysis methods simultaneously in a multivariate network meta-analysis (MVNMA) provides the methodological framework to analyze the largest amount of evidence relevant to decision-makers (i.e., from ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Combining multivariate and network meta-analysis methods simultaneously in a multivariate network meta-analysis (MVNMA) provides the methodological framework to analyze the largest amount of evidence relevant to decision-makers (i.e., from indirect evidence and correlated outcomes). The objectives of this scoping review were to summarize the characteristics of MVNMAs published in the health sciences literature and map the methodological guidance available for MVNMA.
    Study design and setting: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception to 28 August 2023, along with citations of included studies, for quantitative evidence syntheses that applied MVNMA and articles addressing MVNMA methods. Pairs of reviewers independently screened potentially eligible studies. Collected data included bibliographic, methodological, and analytical characteristics of included studies. We reported results as total numbers, frequencies, and percentages for categorical variables and medians and interquartile ranges for continuous variables that were not normally distributed.
    Results: After screening 1,075 titles and abstracts, and 112 full texts, we included 38 unique studies, of which, 10 were quantitative evidence syntheses that applied MVNMA and 28 were articles addressing MVNMA methods. Among the 10 MVNMAs, the first was published in 2013, four used studies identified from already published systematic reviews, and eight addressed pharmacological interventions, which were the most common interventions. They evaluated interventions for metastatic melanoma, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, oral hygiene, disruptive behavior disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, narcolepsy, type 2 diabetes, and overactive bladder syndrome. Five MVNMAs analyzed two outcomes simultaneously, and four MVNMAs analyzed three outcomes simultaneously. Among the articles addressing MVNMA methods, the first was published in 2007 and the majority provided methodological frameworks for conducting MVNMAs (26/28, 93%). One study proposed criteria to standardize reporting of MVNMAs and two proposed items relevant to the quality assessment of MVNMAs. Study authors used data from 18 different illnesses to provide illustrative examples within their methodological guidance.
    Conclusions: The application of MVNMA in the health sciences literature is uncommon. Many methodological frameworks are published; however, standardization and specific criteria to guide reporting and quality assessment are lacking. This overview of the current landscape may help inform future conduct of MVNMAs and research on MVNMA methods.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Multivariate Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639306-8
    ISSN 1878-5921 ; 0895-4356
    ISSN (online) 1878-5921
    ISSN 0895-4356
    DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.111238
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in Canada: Analysis of data from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program.

    Qaddoura, Amro / Bartoszko, Jessica / Mitchell, Robyn / Frenette, Charles / Johnston, Lynn / Mertz, Dominik / Pelude, Linda / Thampi, Nisha / Smith, Stephanie W

    Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada

    2024  Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 272–282

    Abstract: Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for COVID-19 across Canada has not been well-described. We studied trends for patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome who received ECMO.: Methods: Multicentre ... ...

    Abstract Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for COVID-19 across Canada has not been well-described. We studied trends for patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome who received ECMO.
    Methods: Multicentre retrospective cohort study using data from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program across four different waves. Surveillance data was collected between March 2020 and June 2022. We reported data stratified by ECMO status and wave.
    Results: ECMO recipients comprised 299 (6.8%) of the 4,408 critically ill patients included. ECMO recipients were younger (median age 49 versus 62 years,
    Conclusions: Our findings suggest that critically ill patients in Canadian hospitals who received ECMO had different characteristics from those who did not receive ECMO. We also observed a trend of decreased mortality over the waves for the ECMO group. Possible explanatory factors may include potential delay in ECMO initiation during Wave 1, evolution of the virus, better understanding of COVID-19 disease and ECMO use, and new medical treatments and vaccines available in later waves. These findings may provide insight for future potential pandemics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2371-0888
    ISSN (online) 2371-0888
    DOI 10.3138/jammi-2023-0015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The burden of influenza in older adults: meeting the challenge.

    Bartoszko, Jessica / Loeb, Mark

    Aging clinical and experimental research

    2019  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 711–717

    Abstract: Influenza is an acute respiratory infection for which vaccination is our best prevention strategy. Small seasonal changes in circulating influenza viruses (antigenic drift) result in the need for annual influenza vaccination, in which the vaccine ... ...

    Abstract Influenza is an acute respiratory infection for which vaccination is our best prevention strategy. Small seasonal changes in circulating influenza viruses (antigenic drift) result in the need for annual influenza vaccination, in which the vaccine formulation is updated to better match the predominant circulating influenza viruses that have undergone important antigenic changes. Although the burden of influenza infection and its complications is the highest in older adults, vaccine effectiveness is the lowest in this vulnerable population. This is largely due to waning of the immune response with age known as "immune senescence", and presents an important, unmet challenge. Possible strategies to tackle this include adjuvant and high-dose vaccines, and herd immunity induced by greater vaccine uptake.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2104785-6
    ISSN 1720-8319 ; 1594-0667
    ISSN (online) 1720-8319
    ISSN 1594-0667
    DOI 10.1007/s40520-019-01279-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

    Bartoszko, Jessica J / Farooqi, Mohammed Abdul Malik / Alhazzani, Waleed / Loeb, Mark

    Influenza and other respiratory viruses

    2020  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 365–373

    Abstract: Background: Respiratory protective devices are critical in protecting against infection in healthcare workers at high risk of novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19); however, recommendations are conflicting and epidemiological data on their relative ... ...

    Abstract Background: Respiratory protective devices are critical in protecting against infection in healthcare workers at high risk of novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19); however, recommendations are conflicting and epidemiological data on their relative effectiveness against COVID-19 are limited.
    Purpose: To compare medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing laboratory-confirmed viral infection and respiratory illness including coronavirus specifically in healthcare workers.
    Data sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL from January 1, 2014, to March 9, 2020. Update of published search conducted from January 1, 1990, to December 9, 2014.
    Study selection: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the protective effect of medical masks to N95 respirators in healthcare workers.
    Data extraction: Reviewer pair independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence.
    Data synthesis: Four RCTs were meta-analyzed adjusting for clustering. Compared with N95 respirators; the use of medical masks did not increase laboratory-confirmed viral (including coronaviruses) respiratory infection (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.90-1.25; I
    Limitations: Indirectness and imprecision of available evidence.
    Conclusions: Low certainty evidence suggests that medical masks and N95 respirators offer similar protection against viral respiratory infection including coronavirus in healthcare workers during non-aerosol-generating care. Preservation of N95 respirators for high-risk, aerosol-generating procedures in this pandemic should be considered when in short supply.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Infection Control/methods ; Masks/standards ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Respiratory Protective Devices/standards ; Respiratory Protective Devices/supply & distribution ; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Ventilators, Mechanical/standards
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2274538-5
    ISSN 1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
    ISSN (online) 1750-2659
    ISSN 1750-2640
    DOI 10.1111/irv.12745
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Bartoszko, Jessica J / Elias, Zeyad / Rudziak, Paulina / Lo, Carson K L / Thabane, Lehana / Mertz, Dominik / Loeb, Mark

    BMJ open

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 12, Page(s) e063023

    Abstract: Objectives: To quantify the prognostic effects of demographic and modifiable factors in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).: Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.: Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL from inception to 19 ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To quantify the prognostic effects of demographic and modifiable factors in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).
    Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL from inception to 19 September 2022, along with citations of included studies.
    Eligibility criteria: Pairs of reviewers independently screened potentially eligible studies of patients with Group A
    Data extraction and synthesis: We performed random-effects meta-analysis after duplicate data extraction and risk of bias assessments. We rated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.
    Results: One randomised trial and 40 observational studies were eligible (n=1918 patients). We found a statistically significant association between clindamycin treatment and mortality (n=144; OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.37), but the certainty of evidence was low. Within clindamycin-treated STSS patients, we found a statistically significant association between intravenous Ig treatment and mortality (n=188; OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.75), but the certainty of evidence was also low. The odds of mortality may increase in patients ≥65 years when compared with patients 18-64 years (n=396; OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.84), but the certainty of evidence was low. We are uncertain whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the odds of mortality (n=50; OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.13 to 15.14; very low certainty). Results failed to show a significant association between any other prognostic factor and outcome combination (very low to low certainty evidence) and no studies quantified the association between a prognostic factor and morbidity post-infection in STSS survivors.
    Conclusions: Treatment with clindamycin and within clindamycin-treated patients, IVIG, was each significantly associated with mortality, but the certainty of evidence was low. Future research should focus on morbidity post-infection in STSS survivors.
    Prospero registration number: CRD42020166961.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Shock, Septic/drug therapy ; Clindamycin/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy ; Streptococcus pyogenes ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
    Chemical Substances Clindamycin (3U02EL437C) ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine at reducing adverse events in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Gupta, Christopher / Sachdeva, Anjali / Khamar, Jigish / Bu, Cecilia / Bartoszko, Jessica / Loeb, Mark

    Vaccine

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 25, Page(s) 3433–3443

    Abstract: Background: The association between influenza and adverse vascular events in patients with heart failure is well documented. The effect of the influenza vaccine on preventing such adverse events is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis ... ...

    Abstract Background: The association between influenza and adverse vascular events in patients with heart failure is well documented. The effect of the influenza vaccine on preventing such adverse events is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis addressed whether vaccination against influenza reduces adverse vascular events and mortality in heart failure patients.
    Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were comprehensively searched, study screening and quality assessment were completed, and data was synthesized. Eligible studies investigated heart failure patients who received the influenza vaccine, and reported outcomes within 12 months, compared to heart failure patients who did not receive the influenza vaccine. The following 6 outcomes were assessed: all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality, all-cause hospitalization, cardiovascular-related hospitalization, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and a GRADE assessment was completed. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled risk ratio (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity using I
    Results: After synthesizing data from 7 non-randomized studies (247,842 patients), the results demonstrate the risk of all-cause mortality is significantly reduced within 12 months of a heart failure patient receiving the influenza vaccine (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.71-0.79; P<0.0001); very low certainty of evidence. The risk of cardiovascular-related mortality was significantly reduced (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.73-0.81; P<0.0001); low certainty of evidence. The pooled risk of all-cause hospitalization was higher among vaccinated heart failure patients (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.13-1.35; P<0.0001), based on two studies; very low certainty of evidence and considerable heterogeneity (I
    Conclusions: Influenza vaccination appears to reduce adverse cardiovascular events, although the certainty of the evidence is low or very low. Rigorous randomized controlled trial evidence is needed to further examine the protective effect of the influenza vaccine in heart failure patients.
    MeSH term(s) Heart Failure/complications ; Heart Failure/mortality ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control ; Stroke/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Impact of Allocation Concealment and Blinding in Trials Addressing Treatments for COVID-19: A Methods Study.

    Zeraatkar, Dena / Pitre, Tyler / Diaz-Martinez, Juan Pablo / Chu, Derek / Rochwerg, Bram / Lamontagne, Francois / Kum, Elena / Qasim, Anila / Bartoszko, Jessica J / Brignardello-Peterson, Romina

    American journal of epidemiology

    2023  Volume 192, Issue 10, Page(s) 1678–1687

    Abstract: We aimed to assess the impact of allocation concealment and blinding on the results of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trials, using the World Health Organization COVID-19 database (to February 2022). We identified 488 randomized trials comparing ... ...

    Abstract We aimed to assess the impact of allocation concealment and blinding on the results of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trials, using the World Health Organization COVID-19 database (to February 2022). We identified 488 randomized trials comparing drug therapeutics with placebo or standard care in patients with COVID-19. We performed random-effects meta-regressions comparing the results of trials with and without allocation concealment and blinding of health-care providers and patients. We found that, compared with trials with allocation concealment, trials without allocation concealment may estimate treatments to be more beneficial for mortality, mechanical ventilation, hospital admission, duration of hospitalization, and duration of mechanical ventilation, but results were imprecise. We did not find compelling evidence that, compared with trials with blinding, trials without blinding produce consistently different results for mortality, mechanical ventilation, and duration of hospitalization. We found that trials without blinding may estimate treatments to be more beneficial for hospitalizations and duration of mechanical ventilation. We did not find compelling evidence that COVID-19 trials in which health-care providers and patients are blinded produce different results from trials without blinding, but trials without allocation concealment estimate treatments to be more beneficial compared with trials with allocation concealment. Our study suggests that lack of blinding may not always bias results but that evidence users should remain skeptical of trials without allocation concealment.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Bias ; Hospitalization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwad131
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID‐19 in healthcare workers

    Bartoszko, Jessica J. / Farooqi, Mohammed Abdul Malik / Alhazzani, Waleed / Loeb, Mark

    Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

    A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials

    2020  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 365–373

    Keywords Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ; Epidemiology ; Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2274538-5
    ISSN 1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
    ISSN (online) 1750-2659
    ISSN 1750-2640
    DOI 10.1111/irv.12745
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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