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  1. Article ; Online: Problem Gambling and Suicidal Behaviours in Young Adult men in Ghana: A Moderated Mediation Model of Psychological Distress and Social Support : Journal of Gambling Studies.

    Koompah, Dorothy / Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch / Kretchy, Irene A

    Journal of gambling studies

    2024  

    Abstract: Problem gambling has been recognised as an important public health issue because of its harmful consequences at the personal, interpersonal, and societal levels. There is a proliferation of gambling activities in Ghana owing to increased access to the ... ...

    Abstract Problem gambling has been recognised as an important public health issue because of its harmful consequences at the personal, interpersonal, and societal levels. There is a proliferation of gambling activities in Ghana owing to increased access to the internet, soaring smartphone penetration, and an influx of sports betting companies. Yet, very little research has addressed the harm associated with problem gambling in Ghana. This study assessed if the effect of problem gambling severity on suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempts) through psychological distress is contingent on the level of perceived social support. A total of 350 young adult men in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana provided the data for the current analysis. The data were analysed using a moderated mediation approach. The results showed that psychological distress is an important intervening mechanism through which problem gambling severity influences suicidality. In addition, the positive association between psychological distress and suicidal behaviours was found to be conditional on the levels of perceived social support. In other words, our results showed that problem gambling may first trigger episodes of psychological distress, which, in turn, can lead to suicidality among problem gamblers who report low to moderate levels of perceived social support. Our findings suggest that young adult problem gamblers require higher levels of social support from family, friends, and significant others to prevent those experiencing psychological distress from engaging in suicidal behaviours.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2016895-0
    ISSN 1573-3602 ; 1050-5350
    ISSN (online) 1573-3602
    ISSN 1050-5350
    DOI 10.1007/s10899-024-10305-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Factors influencing medication adherence in co-morbid hypertension and diabetes patients: A scoping review.

    Kwakye, Adwoa Oforiwaa / Kretchy, Irene A / Peprah, Prince / Mensah, Kofi Boamah

    Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy

    2024  Volume 13, Page(s) 100426

    Abstract: Introduction: Interest in medication adherence has expanded significantly, especially in relation to the management of hypertension or diabetes in recent years. A scoping review that focuses on medication adherence in the co-morbidity of hypertension ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Interest in medication adherence has expanded significantly, especially in relation to the management of hypertension or diabetes in recent years. A scoping review that focuses on medication adherence in the co-morbidity of hypertension and diabetes provides crucial guidance for effective management of these interrelated diseases.
    Aim: To conduct a scoping review of factors associated with medication adherence among individuals with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes.
    Methods: The evaluation was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to ensure the quality of the study. We searched three databases (Scopus, CINAHL, Medline) and one search engine (Google Scholar) from April 2023 to July 2023 on studies related to medication adherence in co-morbid hypertension and diabetes. Except for reviews there were no restrictions on design, location, and time of study.
    Results: In total, 972 studies that were not duplicated were obtained. After eligibility and screening procedures were completed, 31 articles were ultimately included in the scoping review. Medication adherence was significantly affected by patient, condition, therapy, socio-economic and health related factors. Intervention trials revealed that education and counselling by pharmacists, nurses, physicians, diabetes educators, community health workers and the use of telephone to motivate patients significantly improved medication adherence.
    Conclusion: This review shows the intricate factors influencing medication adherence in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions involving healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2667-2766
    ISSN (online) 2667-2766
    DOI 10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100426
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Polypharmacy and its associated factors among patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes in a municipal hospital in Ghana

    Adwoa Oforiwaa Kwakye / Irene A. Kretchy / Kwaku Gyamfi Oppong

    Scientific African, Vol 23, Iss , Pp e02028- (2024)

    1481  

    Abstract: Background/aim: Patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes may take several medicines. Although multiple medications may aid in the management of their condition, they also raise the likelihood of drug interactions and unfavorable drug reactions. ... ...

    Abstract Background/aim: Patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes may take several medicines. Although multiple medications may aid in the management of their condition, they also raise the likelihood of drug interactions and unfavorable drug reactions. This study therefore evaluated polypharmacy and its associated factors in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study with data collection spanning a 3-months period. Patients attending their review clinic in a municipal hospital in Ghana were interviewed with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, prescription medicines, therapeutic lifestyle changes, blood pressure management and fasting blood glucose. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medicines in a single day. Results: Of the 338 patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes, (18 %, n = 61) were men and (82 %, n = 277) were women. Most of the study participants (40.2 %, n = 136) were between 55 and 64 years. Polypharmacy (≥5 medications) was observed in (64.8 %, n = 219) of the participants and being male [cOR = 2.29, 95 % CI (1.18 – 4.42), p = 0.014] and living in a rural setting [cOR = 2.46, 95 % CI (1.13 - 5.34), p = 0.023] were significantly associated with more than the two-fold increased risk of having polypharmacy compared to being female and living in an urban setting respectively. Most patients were on biguanides (89.1 %, n = 301), angiotensin receptor blockers (68.6 %, n = 232), calcium channel blockers (66.6 %, n = 225) and sulphonylurease (53.8 %, n = 182). Conclusion: Polypharmacy is common in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes, and is associated with sex, marital status, and residential status. Healthcare providers must carefully consider these associated factors when prescribing or modifying treatment plans for their patients.
    Keywords Polypharmacy ; Hypertension ; Diabetes ; Co-morbidity ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Medicated-related burden and adherence in patients with co-morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

    Baah-Nyarkoh, Emmanuella / Alhassan, Yakubu / Dwomoh, Andrews K / Kretchy, Irene A

    Heliyon

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) e15448

    Abstract: Background: Medication adherence is an integral component in the management of patients with co-morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. However due to their combined conditions, there is likelihood of polypharmacy and medication-related ...

    Abstract Background: Medication adherence is an integral component in the management of patients with co-morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. However due to their combined conditions, there is likelihood of polypharmacy and medication-related burden, which could negatively impact adherence to therapy. This study aimed to assess the perceived medication-related burden among patients with co-morbid T2DM and hypertension and to evaluate the association between the perceived burden and adherence to medication therapy.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients with co-morbid T2DM and hypertension attending a primary health facility. The living with medicines questionnaire and the medication adherence report scale were used to assess extent of medication-related burden and adherence respectively. Binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the adjusted odds and their corresponding 95% confidence interval for medication-related burden and adherence outcomes. All observed categorical variables were considered for the multivariable binary logistic regression model.
    Results: The total number of participants was 329 with a median age of 57.5 ± 13.2 years. The median score for the overall burden was 99 (IQR: 93-113), and this significantly varied by sex (p = 0.012), monthly income (p = 0.025), monthly expenditure on medications (p = 0.012), frequency of daily dose of medications (p = 0.020) and family history of T2DM (p < 0.001). About 30.7% and 36.8% of participants reported moderate/high burden and medication adherence respectively. Uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure (AOR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.20-5.05, p = 0.014), high glucose (AOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 2.13-8.46, p < 0.001) and no family history of T2DM (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.14-4.02, p = 0.026) were associated with moderate/high medication burden. Uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure (AOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25-0.94, p = 0.031), at least 5 years since hypertension diagnosis (AOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30-0.99, p = 0.045) and moderate/high medication-related burden (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16-0.69, p = 0.003) were associated with lower odds of medication adherence.
    Conclusion: These findings suggest that to improve the preventive and optimal care of patients with T2DM and hypertension, interventions that aim to reduce medication-related burden and morbidity are recommended. The study proposes that health stakeholders such as clinicians, pharmacists, and policy makers, develop multidisciplinary clinical and pharmaceutical care interventions to include provision of counselling to patients on adherence. In addition, developing policies and sensitization activities on deprescribing and fixed-dose drug combinations aimed at reducing medication-related burden, while promoting better adherence, blood pressure and blood glucose outcomes are recommended.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15448
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Medication management and adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives and experiences from low-and middle-income countries.

    Kretchy, Irene A / Asiedu-Danso, Michelle / Kretchy, James-Paul

    Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 2023–2026

    Abstract: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is placing a huge strain on health systems worldwide. Suggested solutions like social distancing and lockdowns in some areas to help contain the spread of the virus may affect special patient ... ...

    Abstract The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is placing a huge strain on health systems worldwide. Suggested solutions like social distancing and lockdowns in some areas to help contain the spread of the virus may affect special patient populations like those with chronic illnesses who are unable to access healthcare facilities for their routine care and medicines management. Retail pharmacy outlets are the likely facilities for easy access by these patients. The contribution of community pharmacists in these facilities to manage chronic conditions and promote medication adherence during this COVID-19 pandemic will be essential in easing the burden on already strained health systems. This paper highlights the pharmaceutical care practices of community pharmacists for patients with chronic diseases during this pandemic. This would provide support for the call by the WHO to maintain essential services during the pandemic, in order to prevent non-COVID disease burden on healthcare systems particularly in low-and middle-income countries.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/economics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Chronic Disease/economics ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology ; Chronic Disease/therapy ; Developing Countries/economics ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Medication Therapy Management/economics ; Medication Therapy Management/trends
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2192059-X
    ISSN 1934-8150 ; 1551-7411
    ISSN (online) 1934-8150
    ISSN 1551-7411
    DOI 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination: The role of personality traits, anti-vaccine attitudes and illness perception.

    Nanteer-Oteng, Eric / Kretchy, Irene A / Nanteer, Deborah Odum / Kretchy, James-Paul / Osafo, Joseph

    PLOS global public health

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 12, Page(s) e0001435

    Abstract: There is an increased need for COVID-19 vaccination since the world is gradually returning to normal. Current evidence supports vaccination activity more towards viral suppression than COVID-19 prevention. This has led to divergent views regarding ... ...

    Abstract There is an increased need for COVID-19 vaccination since the world is gradually returning to normal. Current evidence supports vaccination activity more towards viral suppression than COVID-19 prevention. This has led to divergent views regarding vaccination which may influence anti-vaccine attitudes and vaccine hesitancy. The study examined the role of personality traits, anti-vaccine attitudes and illness perceptions on vaccine hesitancy. The study was a cross-sectional survey using snowball and convenience sampling to recruit 492 participants via social media platforms. Multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The study found that some facets of illness perception (identity, concern, emotional representation and treatment control), extraversion, experience with COVID-19 and anti-vaccine attitudes (mistrust, profiteering, worries about unforeseen effects of vaccine) predicted vaccine hesitancy. The outcomes from this study have implications for achieving public health goals and developing strategies for reaching optimal vaccination targets and attaining herd immunity. Health-promoting programs need to be intensified and could include psychosocial perspectives on vaccine hesitancy so that specific target groups can be reached to be vaccinated.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-3375
    ISSN (online) 2767-3375
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001435
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Illness perceptions, social support and antiretroviral medication adherence in people living with HIV in the greater Accra region, Ghana.

    Anakwa, Nella O / Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch / Kretchy, Irene A

    Nursing open

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) 2595–2604

    Abstract: Aim: To assess how illness perceptions and social support influence antiretroviral medication adherence in a HIV patient population in Ghana.: Design: This study used a correlational research design with cross-sectional data.: Method: A total of ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To assess how illness perceptions and social support influence antiretroviral medication adherence in a HIV patient population in Ghana.
    Design: This study used a correlational research design with cross-sectional data.
    Method: A total of 235 people living with HIV at two general hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana provided data on illness perceptions, social support and medication adherence. Hierarchical multiple regression test was used to analyse the data.
    Results: Illness perceptions' facets of timeline, personal control and treatment control were negatively associated with medication adherence, whereas emotional response was positively associated with adherence. Further, significant other support was negatively associated with adherence. Family and friend support were not associated with adherence. The findings offer preliminary evidence that illness perceptions may have utility for medication adherence in a HIV patient population in Ghana.
    MeSH term(s) Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ghana/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Social Perception ; Social Support
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2809556-X
    ISSN 2054-1058 ; 2054-1058
    ISSN (online) 2054-1058
    ISSN 2054-1058
    DOI 10.1002/nop2.797
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Biopsychosocial analysis of antibiotic use for the prevention or management of COVID-19 infections: A scoping review.

    Nortey, Radolf Ansbert / Kretchy, Irene Akwo / Koduah, Augustina / Buabeng, Kwame Ohene

    Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 573–581

    Abstract: Background: The novelty and complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various coping mechanisms adopted by individuals as a means of averting the perceived fatalities of the pandemic. The use of antibiotics in the management of COVID-19 is ... ...

    Abstract Background: The novelty and complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various coping mechanisms adopted by individuals as a means of averting the perceived fatalities of the pandemic. The use of antibiotics in the management of COVID-19 is clinically recommended under specific conditions. However, there are increasing trends of non-adherence to the recommended criteria resulting in the unwarranted use of antibiotics as an adaptative approach to the ongoing pandemic.
    Objective: The objective was to identify and classify factors associated with the unwarranted use of antibiotics in the management of COVID-19 from published literature and the perspectives of key stakeholders along a Biopsychosocial model.
    Methods: Literature was searched in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar for studies published between 31
    Results: Out of 10,252 records identified from all sources, 12 studies were selected for inclusion in this scoping review. The selected articles reflected both antibiotic use and COVID-19 whilst capturing the biological (medical) and psychosocial perspectives. Most of the studies reported the overuse or abuse of Azithromycin especially in hospital settings. Common themes across the review and stakeholder consultations included fear, anxiety, media influences and deficits in public knowledge.
    Conclusion: The findings of the study highlight the complexity of antibiotic control especially in the context of a pandemic. The identified determinants of antibiotic use provide the necessary framework to simulate health emergencies and be better positioned in the future through the development of targeted and comprehensive policies on antibiotic stewardship.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Pandemics ; Azithromycin
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Azithromycin (83905-01-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2192059-X
    ISSN 1934-8150 ; 1551-7411
    ISSN (online) 1934-8150
    ISSN 1551-7411
    DOI 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.11.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Implementation of Medicines Pricing Policies in Ghana: The Interplay of Policy Content, Actors' Participation, and Context.

    Koduah, Augustina / Baatiema, Leonard / Kretchy, Irene A / Agyepong, Irene Akua / Danso-Appiah, Anthony / de Chavez, Anna Cronin / Ensor, Timothy / Mirzoev, Tolib

    International journal of health policy and management

    2023  Volume 12, Page(s) 7994

    Abstract: Background: Implementing medicines pricing policy effectively is important for ensuring equitable access to essential medicines and ultimately achieving universal health coverage. However, published analyses of policy implementations are scarce from low- ...

    Abstract Background: Implementing medicines pricing policy effectively is important for ensuring equitable access to essential medicines and ultimately achieving universal health coverage. However, published analyses of policy implementations are scarce from low- and middleincome countries. This paper contributes to bridging this knowledge gap by reporting analysis of implementation of two medicines pricing policies in Ghana: value-added tax (VAT) exemptions and framework contracting (FC) for selected medicines. We analysed implications of actor involvements, contexts, and contents on the implementation of these policies, and the interplay between these. This paper should be of interest, and relevance, to policy designers, implementers, the private sector and policy analysts.
    Methods: Data were collected through document reviews (n=18), in-depth interviews (n=30), focus groups (n=2) and consultative meetings (n=6) with purposefully identified policy actors. Data were analysed thematically, guided by the four components of the health policy triangle framework.
    Results: The nature and complexity of policy contents determined duration and degree of formality of implementation processes. For instance, in the FC policy, negotiating medicines prices and standardizing the tendering processes lengthened implementation. Highly varied stakeholder participation created avenues for decision-making and promoted inclusiveness, but also raised the need to manage different agendas and interests. Key contextual enablers and constraints to implementation included high political support and currency depreciation, respectively. The interrelatedness of policy content, actors, and context influenced the timeliness of policy implementations and achievement of intended outcomes, and suggest five attributes of effective policy implementation: (1) policy nature and complexity, (2) inclusiveness, (3) organizational feasibility, (4) economic feasibility, and (5) political will and leadership.
    Conclusion: Varied contextual factors, active participation of stakeholders, nature, and complexity of policy content, and structures have all influenced the implementation of medicines pricing policies in Ghana.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ghana ; Health Policy ; Drugs, Essential ; Focus Groups ; Knowledge
    Chemical Substances Drugs, Essential
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country Iran
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2724317-5
    ISSN 2322-5939 ; 2322-5939
    ISSN (online) 2322-5939
    ISSN 2322-5939
    DOI 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7994
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Assessing health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes accessing healthcare in two public hospitals in south-eastern Ghana: a cross-sectional descriptive study.

    Alor, Stanley Kofi / Glozah, Franklin N / Kretchy, Irene Akwo / Adongo, Philip Baba

    Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation

    2024  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 1095–1105

    Abstract: Background: Diabetes is a significant contributor to kidney failure, heart attack, strokes, lower limb amputation, blindness, and other complications that negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study assessed the HRQOL and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diabetes is a significant contributor to kidney failure, heart attack, strokes, lower limb amputation, blindness, and other complications that negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study assessed the HRQOL and clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes accessing healthcare in south-eastern Ghana.
    Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Ho Municipal and Ho Teaching Hospitals in Ghana among patients with type 2 diabetes who were seeking healthcare at both hospitals for at least 12 months. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 310 respondents out of the total sample size of 326 patients with type 2 diabetes and data were collected using diabetes-39 questionnaire. The data were analysed using STATA 16.0. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Differences between proportions were tested using Chi-square to identify predictors of poor HRQOL and Pearson correlation for association. The p < 0.05 was considered significant.
    Results: Out of 310 respondents, 171 (55.0%) had poor HRQOL. The predictors of poor HRQOL were age (p < 0.008), education (p < 0.028), employment (p < 0.001), residence (p < 0.01), duration of diabetes (p < 0.002), diabetes education (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.005), and glycaemic control (p < 0.001). Energy and mobility (63.2%), anxiety and worry (53.9%), and diabetes control (49.6%) dimensions were the most prevalent of poor HRQOL. Diabetes education, complications, being diabetic for 16 years and above, earning income, resident in rural area, being married, being pensioner and national Service Personnel, and diabetes comorbidities were significantly associated with HRQOL.
    Conclusions: More than half of the respondents had poor HRQOL. Clinical and public health efforts should focus on effective control and screening measures for the individual patients and general population.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ghana ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Hospitals, Public ; Delivery of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1161148-0
    ISSN 1573-2649 ; 0962-9343
    ISSN (online) 1573-2649
    ISSN 0962-9343
    DOI 10.1007/s11136-023-03589-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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