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Article ; Online: Adropin's Role in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Disorders.

Ali, Ifrah Ismail / D'Souza, Crystal / Singh, Jaipaul / Adeghate, Ernest

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 15

Abstract: Adropin is a novel 76-amino acid-peptide that is expressed in different tissues and cells including the liver, pancreas, heart and vascular tissues, kidney, milk, serum, plasma and many parts of the brain. Adropin, encoded by ... ...

Abstract	Adropin is a novel 76-amino acid-peptide that is expressed in different tissues and cells including the liver, pancreas, heart and vascular tissues, kidney, milk, serum, plasma and many parts of the brain. Adropin, encoded by the
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood Proteins/genetics ; Cholesterol ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mice
Chemical Substances	Blood Proteins ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23158318
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Adropin’s Role in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Disorders

Ifrah Ismail Ali / Crystal D’Souza / Jaipaul Singh / Ernest Adeghate

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 15, p

2022 Volume 8318

Abstract	Adropin is a novel 76-amino acid-peptide that is expressed in different tissues and cells including the liver, pancreas, heart and vascular tissues, kidney, milk, serum, plasma and many parts of the brain. Adropin, encoded by the Enho gene, plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis. The literature review indicates that adropin alleviates the degree of insulin resistance by reducing endogenous hepatic glucose production. Adropin improves glucose metabolism by enhancing glucose utilization in mice, including the sensitization of insulin signaling pathways such as Akt phosphorylation and the activation of the glucose transporter 4 receptor. Several studies have also demonstrated that adropin improves cardiac function, cardiac efficiency and coronary blood flow in mice. Adropin can also reduce the levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In contrast, it increases the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, often referred to as the beneficial cholesterol. Adropin inhibits inflammation by reducing the tissue level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. The protective effect of adropin on the vascular endothelium is through an increase in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. This article provides an overview of the existing literature about the role of adropin in different pathological conditions.
Keywords	Enho gene ; adropin ; carbohydrate metabolism ; lipid metabolism ; energy homeostasis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cinnamon as a Complementary Therapeutic Approach for Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Molecular Mechanism of Action: A Review.

Silva, Maria Leonor / Bernardo, Maria Alexandra / Singh, Jaipaul / de Mesquita, Maria Fernanda

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 13

Abstract: The scientific evidence that cinnamon may exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus due to the biological activity of its bioactive compounds has been increasing in recent years. This review provides an overview of the effects of cinnamon on ... ...

Abstract	The scientific evidence that cinnamon may exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus due to the biological activity of its bioactive compounds has been increasing in recent years. This review provides an overview of the effects of cinnamon on clinical parameters of diabetes and summarizes the molecular mechanisms of action of cinnamon on glucose and lipid metabolism. Search criteria include an electronic search using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases. English literature references from 2000 up to 2022 were included. Following title and abstract review, full articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. The results from the available evidence revealed that cinnamon improved glycemic and lipidemic indicators. Clinical trials clarified that cinnamon also possesses an anti-inflammatory effect, which may act beneficially in diabetes. Based on
MeSH term(s)	Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Dyslipidemias/drug therapy ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism ; Humans ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14132773
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Article ; Online: Mechanisms of COVID-19-induced heart failure: a short review.

Adeghate, Ernest A / Eid, Nabil / Singh, Jaipaul

Heart failure reviews

2020 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 363–369

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 42.5 million people globally resulting in the death of over 1.15 million subjects. It has inflicted severe public ... ...

Abstract	The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 42.5 million people globally resulting in the death of over 1.15 million subjects. It has inflicted severe public health and economic hardships across the world. In addition to acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, sepsis, and acute kidney injury, COVID-19 also causes heart failure (HF). COVID-19-induced HF is manifested via different mechanisms, including, but not limited to, (1) virus-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells, which could impair the function of the heart; (2) pro-inflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-1β; interleukin-6; tumor necrosis factor-α) that could cause necrosis and death of the myocardium; (3) endothelial injury coupled with micro-thrombosis which could damage the endocardium; and (4) acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure that could lead to heart failure due to severe hypoxia. It is concluded that the etiology of COVID-19-induced HF is multifactorial and mitigation of the development of HF in patients with COVID-19 will require different approaches such as social distancing, drug therapy, and the urgent development of a vaccine to eradicate the disease.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; Heart Failure/etiology ; Humans
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1336499-6
ISSN	1573-7322 ; 1382-4147
ISSN (online)	1573-7322
ISSN	1382-4147
DOI	10.1007/s10741-020-10037-x
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Article ; Online: Effect of the anti-retroviral drug, rilpivirine, on human subcutaneous adipose cells and its nutritional management using quercetin.

Behl, Shalini / Adem, Abdu / Hussain, Arif / Singh, Jaipaul

Molecular and cellular biochemistry

2020 Volume 471, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 1–13

Abstract: Rilpivirine, a recently developed drug of choice for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection, can greatly reduce HIV-related inflammation, but in turn, may be associated with adverse secondary effects, including disturbances in lipid metabolism and ... ...

Abstract	Rilpivirine, a recently developed drug of choice for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection, can greatly reduce HIV-related inflammation, but in turn, may be associated with adverse secondary effects, including disturbances in lipid metabolism and ultimately in adipose tissue distribution and function. In recent years, research findings on the benefits of anti-oxidant foods and supplements have been employed in counter-acting both oxidative stress as well as inflammation in order to reduce the adverse side effects of anti-retroviral therapy. One such natural flavonoid which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties is quercetin. This study investigated the effect of quercetin in overcoming the side effects incurred due to rilpivirine administration. The results show substantial reduction in the accumulation of triglyceride levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner for adipose cells treated with either rilpivirine or quercetin alone and in combination, as evidenced by morphological pictures and quantitative measurement of triglycerides throughout the differentiation process. Levels of inflammatory markers such as resistin and IL-8 were increased as compared to the untreated cells. No significant changes in leptin were observed on treatment of adipose cells with rilpivirine alone and its levels were almost comparable to control. Levels of oxidative markers like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione were also decreased. Treatment with quercetin showed a decrease in the inflammatory status and an increase in the oxidative status of adipose cells, thereby exhibiting its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, further assessment of lipid metabolism and adipose tissue function in patients administered with rilpivirine-based regimes is advisable considering that totally neutral effects of rilpivirine on lipid homeostasis cannot be anticipated from the current study in vitro. It is concluded that rilpivirine causes an anti-adipogenic and pro-inflammatory response pattern but only at high concentrations, whereas quercetin has been observed to decrease inflammation and restore the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Nutritional Support ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Quercetin/pharmacology ; Rilpivirine/pharmacology ; Subcutaneous Fat/drug effects ; Subcutaneous Fat/immunology ; Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; Antioxidants ; Quercetin (9IKM0I5T1E) ; Rilpivirine (FI96A8X663)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184833-1
ISSN	1573-4919 ; 0300-8177
ISSN (online)	1573-4919
ISSN	0300-8177
DOI	10.1007/s11010-020-03744-4
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Article: Cinnamon as a Complementary Therapeutic Approach for Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Molecular Mechanism of Action: A Review

Silva, Maria Leonor / Bernardo, Maria Alexandra / Singh, Jaipaul / de Mesquita, Maria Fernanda

Nutrients. 2022 July 05, v. 14, no. 13

2022

Abstract	The scientific evidence that cinnamon may exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus due to the biological activity of its bioactive compounds has been increasing in recent years. This review provides an overview of the effects of cinnamon on clinical parameters of diabetes and summarizes the molecular mechanisms of action of cinnamon on glucose and lipid metabolism. Search criteria include an electronic search using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases. English literature references from 2000 up to 2022 were included. Following title and abstract review, full articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. The results from the available evidence revealed that cinnamon improved glycemic and lipidemic indicators. Clinical trials clarified that cinnamon also possesses an anti-inflammatory effect, which may act beneficially in diabetes. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies, cinnamon seems to elicit the regulation of glucose metabolism in tissues by insulin-mimetic effect and enzyme activity improvement. Furthermore, cinnamon seems to decrease cholesterol and fatty acid absorption in the gut. The current literature search showed a considerable number of studies on diabetic subjects. Some limitations in comparing published data should be highlighted, including variability in doses, extracts and species of cinnamon, administration forms, and antidiabetic therapy.
Keywords	absorption ; anti-inflammatory activity ; carbohydrate metabolism disorders ; cholesterol ; cinnamon ; digestive system ; enzyme activity ; fatty acids ; glucose ; hyperlipidemia ; lipid metabolism ; mechanism of action ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0705
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14132773
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Mechanisms underlying electro-mechanical dysfunction in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat heart: a model of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Sultan, Ahmed / Singh, Jaipaul / Howarth, Frank Christopher

Heart failure reviews

2019 Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 873–886

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major and worsening global health problem, currently affecting over 450 million people and reducing their quality of life. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of DM and the global epidemic of obesity, ... ...

Abstract	Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major and worsening global health problem, currently affecting over 450 million people and reducing their quality of life. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of DM and the global epidemic of obesity, which largely explains the dramatic increase in the incidence and prevalence of T2DM in the past 20 years. Obesity is a major risk factor for DM which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The electro-mechanical function of the heart is frequently compromised in diabetic patients. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of electro-mechanical dysfunction in the diabetic heart and in particular, the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat heart, a well-studied model of T2DM and obesity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Heart/physiopathology ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Zucker
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1336499-6
ISSN	1573-7322 ; 1382-4147
ISSN (online)	1573-7322
ISSN	1382-4147
DOI	10.1007/s10741-019-09872-4
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Article ; Online: Diabetes-induced chronic heart failure is due to defects in calcium transporting and regulatory contractile proteins: cellular and molecular evidence.

Rupee, Sunil / Rupee, Khemraj / Singh, Ram B / Hanoman, Carlin / Ismail, Abla Mohammed Ahmed / Smail, Manal / Singh, Jaipaul

Heart failure reviews

2022 Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 627–644

Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a major deteriorating disease of the myocardium due to weak myocardial muscles. As such, the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently around the body to meet its constant demand. HF is a major global health problem with more than 7 ...

Abstract	Heart failure (HF) is a major deteriorating disease of the myocardium due to weak myocardial muscles. As such, the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently around the body to meet its constant demand. HF is a major global health problem with more than 7 million deaths annually worldwide, with some patients dying suddenly due to sudden cardiac death (SCD). There are several risk factors which are associated with HF and SCD which can negatively affect the heart synergistically. One major risk factor is diabetes mellitus (DM) which can cause an elevation in blood glucose level or hyperglycaemia (HG) which, in turn, has an insulting effect on the myocardium. This review attempted to explain the subcellular, cellular and molecular mechanisms and to a lesser extent, the genetic factors associated with the development of diabetes- induced cardiomyopathy due to the HG which can subsequently lead to chronic heart failure (CHF) and SCD. The study first explained the structure and function of the myocardium and then focussed mainly on the excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) processes highlighting the defects of calcium transporting (SERCA, NCX, RyR and connexin) and contractile regulatory (myosin, actin, titin and troponin) proteins. The study also highlighted new therapies and those under development, as well as preventative strategies to either treat or prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). It is postulated that prevention is better than cure.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Calcium/metabolism ; Contractile Proteins/metabolism ; Heart Failure/etiology ; Heart Failure/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism ; Hyperglycemia ; Myocardial Contraction ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Contractile Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1336499-6
ISSN	1573-7322 ; 1382-4147
ISSN (online)	1573-7322
ISSN	1382-4147
DOI	10.1007/s10741-022-10271-5
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Article: Detection and Pharmacokinetics of Etoricoxib in Thoroughbred Horses.

Subhahar, Michael B / Singh, Jaipaul / Albert, Peter H / Kadry, Ahmed M

Journal of equine veterinary science

2020 Volume 88, Page(s) 102942

Abstract: Etoricoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, is used in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases and dental pain in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of etoricoxib in horses. Six horses ... ...

Abstract	Etoricoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, is used in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases and dental pain in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of etoricoxib in horses. Six horses weighing an average of 475 ± 25 kg were administered a single oral dose of etoricoxib at 1 mg/kg body weight. The results show that the drug reached a maximum concentration of 505.2 ± 67.8 ng/mL in 48 minutes after administration. The elimination half-life was calculated to be 10.20 ± 1.30 hours. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed that etoricoxib is metabolized in horses via the oxidation of its 6'-methyl group to form a hydroxyl methyl etoricoxib which can further be oxidized to form either an acid or be glucuronidated. In addition, the 1'-N terminal of 6'-hydroxymethyl metabolite is oxidized to form the corresponding 1'-N oxide metabolite. The present results have clearly demonstrated that etoricoxib is mainly excreted in urine as metabolites. From these data, it is also possible to postulate a detection time for the metabolites which in turn can assist in the control of illegal use of the drug in horse racing.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Body Fluids ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Etoricoxib ; Horses
Chemical Substances	Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Etoricoxib (WRX4NFY03R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102942
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Article ; Online: A review on diabetic foot challenges in Guyanese perspective.

Kurup, Rajini / Ansari, Abdullah Adil / Singh, Jaipaul

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

2018 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 905–912

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus signifies a major public health threat worldwide. Type 2 diabetes has been reported as the fourth leading cause of death and has affected 15.5% of the adult population in Guyana, South America. Diabetes has also led to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diabetes mellitus signifies a major public health threat worldwide. Type 2 diabetes has been reported as the fourth leading cause of death and has affected 15.5% of the adult population in Guyana, South America. Diabetes has also led to major lower extremity amputation at the only referral public hospital in Guyana. Diabetic foot and related complications are known to be multifactorial. Conclusion: In this review, we highlight the information on the diabetic foot and related complications with an emphasis on Guyanese background.
MeSH term(s)	Amputation/statistics & numerical data ; Diabetes Complications/epidemiology ; Diabetes Complications/etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetic Foot/epidemiology ; Diabetic Foot/etiology ; Guyana/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2018.12.010
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