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  1. Article ; Online: LC-OCT imaging and application to energy based device therapy.

    Beachkofsky, Thomas M / Grichnik, James M / Shumaker, Peter R

    Lasers in surgery and medicine

    2023  Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 8–10

    MeSH term(s) Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Optic Disk
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 604493-1
    ISSN 1096-9101 ; 0196-8092
    ISSN (online) 1096-9101
    ISSN 0196-8092
    DOI 10.1002/lsm.23738
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    Zs.A 1603: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Differentiating activated Langerhans cells and dendritic melanocytes using reflectance confocal microscopy: the limitations of diagnosing melanoma in vivo.

    Correa-Selm, Lilia / Hanlon, Katharine L / Grichnik, James M

    Lancet (London, England)

    2023  Volume 401, Issue 10376, Page(s) 590

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Langerhans Cells ; Melanoma/diagnostic imaging ; Melanocytes ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00006-5
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  3. Article ; Online: Human Hair Graying Revisited: Principles, Misconceptions, and Key Research Frontiers.

    Paus, Ralf / Sevilla, Alec / Grichnik, James M

    The Journal of investigative dermatology

    2023  Volume 144, Issue 3, Page(s) 474–491

    Abstract: Hair graying holds psychosocial importance and serves as an excellent model for studying human pigmentation and aging in an accessible miniorgan. Current evidence suggests that graying results from an interindividually varying mixture of cumulative ... ...

    Abstract Hair graying holds psychosocial importance and serves as an excellent model for studying human pigmentation and aging in an accessible miniorgan. Current evidence suggests that graying results from an interindividually varying mixture of cumulative oxidative and DNA damage, excessive mTORC1 activity, melanocyte senescence, and inadequate production of pigmentation-promoting factors in the hair matrix. Various regulators modulate this process, including genetic factors (DNA repair defects and IRF4 sequence variation, peripheral clock genes, P-cadherin signaling, neuromediators, HGF, KIT ligand secretion, and autophagic flux. This leads to reduced MITF- and tyrosinase-controlled melanogenesis, defective melanosome transfer to precortical matrix keratinocytes, and eventual depletion of hair follicle (HF) pigmentary unit (HFPU) melanocytes and their local progenitors. Graying becomes irreversible only when bulge melanocyte stem cells are also depleted, occurring later in this process. Distinct pigmentary microenvironments are created as the HF cycles: early anagen is the most conducive phase for melanocytic reintegration and activation, and only during anagen can the phenotype of hair graying and repigmentation manifest, whereas the HFPU disassembles during catagen. The temporary reversibility of graying is highlighted by several drugs and hormones that induce repigmentation, indicating potential target pathways. We advise caution in directly applying mouse model concepts, define major open questions, and discuss future human antigraying strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; Hair Follicle ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Pigmentation/physiology ; Aging/physiology ; Stem Cells ; Hair Color
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80136-7
    ISSN 1523-1747 ; 0022-202X
    ISSN (online) 1523-1747
    ISSN 0022-202X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.276
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  4. Article ; Online: Cross-Polarized Lighting Technique as a Tool to Visualize a Hive in Skin of Color.

    Hanlon, Katharine L / Cohen, George / Grichnik, James M / Gonzalez-Estrada, Alexei

    The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 10, Page(s) 3235–3237

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2843237-X
    ISSN 2213-2201 ; 2213-2198
    ISSN (online) 2213-2201
    ISSN 2213-2198
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.07.005
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    Zs.A 7086: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article: Confocal findings of an intradermal nevus in a unique anatomical location: A diagnostic pitfall and histopathologic correlation.

    Milani, Doniya / Hanlon, Katharine / Correa-Selm, Lilia / Grichnik, James M / Chen, Wei-Shen

    JAAD case reports

    2023  Volume 40, Page(s) 120–122

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2834220-3
    ISSN 2352-5126
    ISSN 2352-5126
    DOI 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.08.014
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  6. Article ; Online: The cell of origin of acral melanomas may be hiding in the sweat glands.

    Grichnik, James M

    Dermatologic therapy

    2015  Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 105–106

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Melanocytes/pathology ; Melanoma/metabolism ; Melanoma/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology ; Stem Cell Niche ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms/metabolism ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; Sweat Glands/metabolism ; Sweat Glands/pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1354801-3
    ISSN 1529-8019 ; 1396-0296
    ISSN (online) 1529-8019
    ISSN 1396-0296
    DOI 10.1111/dth.12184
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    Zs.A 5181: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Dermoscopy and skin imaging light sources: a comparison and review of spectral power distribution and color consistency.

    Hanlon, Katharine L / Wei, Grace / Correa-Selm, Lilia / Grichnik, James M

    Journal of biomedical optics

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 8, Page(s) 80902

    Abstract: Significance: Dermoscopes incorporate light, polarizers, and optical magnification into a handheld tool that is commonly used by dermatologists to evaluate skin findings. Diagnostic accuracy is improved when dermoscopes are used, and some major ... ...

    Abstract Significance: Dermoscopes incorporate light, polarizers, and optical magnification into a handheld tool that is commonly used by dermatologists to evaluate skin findings. Diagnostic accuracy is improved when dermoscopes are used, and some major artificial intelligence (AI) projects have been accomplished using dermocopic images. Color rendering consistency and fidelity are crucial for clinical diagnostics, AI, and image processing applications.
    Aim: With many devices available on the market, our objective was to measure the emission spectra of various dermoscopes, compare them with other light sources, and illustrate variations in reflected colors from images of a reference sample.
    Approach: A spectrometer measured the spectral power distribution (SPD) produced by four dermoscope models and three alternate light sources, illustrating differences in the emission spectra. Most dermoscopes use light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are inconsistent when compared with one another. An LED was compared with halogen, xenon-arc, and daylight sources. Images of a micro ColorChecker were acquired from several sources, and three specific colors were selected to compare in CIELAB color space. Color consistency and color fidelity measured by color rendering index (CRI) and TM-30-18 graphical vectors show variation in saturation and chroma fidelity.
    Results: A marked degree of variation was observed in both the emission and reflected light coming from different dermoscopes and compared with other sources. The same chromophores appeared differently depending on the light source used.
    Conclusions: A lack of uniform illumination resulted in inconsistent image color and likely impacted metamerism and visibility of skin chromophores in real-world settings. Artificial light in skin examinations, especially LEDs, may present challenges for the visual separation of specific colors. Attention to LEDs SPD may be important, especially as the field increases dependency on machine/computer vision.
    MeSH term(s) Artificial Intelligence ; Dermoscopy ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Skin/diagnostic imaging ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1309154-2
    ISSN 1560-2281 ; 1083-3668
    ISSN (online) 1560-2281
    ISSN 1083-3668
    DOI 10.1117/1.JBO.27.8.080902
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    Zs.A 4699: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Sildenafil may elevate melanoma risk.

    Grichnik, James M

    Dermatologic therapy

    2014  Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) 313

    MeSH term(s) Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma/chemically induced ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Piperazines/adverse effects ; Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Sulfones/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Piperazines ; Sulfones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1354801-3
    ISSN 1529-8019 ; 1396-0296
    ISSN (online) 1529-8019
    ISSN 1396-0296
    DOI 10.1111/dth.12162
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    Zs.A 5181: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Color shift as a mechanism for depth modulation of skin images.

    Hanlon, Katharine L / Shah, Kara N / Grichnik, James M

    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

    2020  Volume 85, Issue 1, Page(s) 252–254

    MeSH term(s) Color ; Humans ; Photography/methods ; Skin Diseases/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 603641-7
    ISSN 1097-6787 ; 0190-9622
    ISSN (online) 1097-6787
    ISSN 0190-9622
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.052
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    Zs.A 1540: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Reflectance confocal microscopic visualization of melanocytic bodies in the stratum corneum overlying acral lentiginous melanoma.

    Natarelli, Nicole / Hanlon, Katharine / Chen, Wei-Shen / Grichnik, James M / Zager, Jonathan S / Correa-Selm, Lilia

    Lasers in surgery and medicine

    2023  Volume 55, Issue 3, Page(s) 253–256

    Abstract: Background: We present a case of RCM evaluation of ALM surgical margins demonstrating intracorneal melanocytic bodies overlying subsequently confirmed melanoma in situ by histopathology.: Case presentation: A 73-year-old male with a history of acral ... ...

    Abstract Background: We present a case of RCM evaluation of ALM surgical margins demonstrating intracorneal melanocytic bodies overlying subsequently confirmed melanoma in situ by histopathology.
    Case presentation: A 73-year-old male with a history of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) of the right great toe presented to our clinic for evaluation of positive surgical margins. The positive margin was localized for examination and subsequent biopsy with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) which allowed targeted re-resection of the area of concern. Three punch biopsies were obtained in the area of concern, which confirmed residual melanoma in situ. Immunostains confirmed the cellular remnants in the stratum corneum were melanocytic. To correlate the intra stratum corneum findings seen with confocal to the histopathology, a 3D rendering of a stack of images was used to demonstrate the location.
    Discussion: Typically, acral surfaces are challenging to examine with RCM due to the limited ability of light to penetrate thickened stratum corneum; however, we observed unique cellular features with confocal. Scattered hyper-reflective pleomorphic cells consistent with melanocytes were observed in the stratum corneum, although the visualized underlying epidermis appeared normal. Confocal microscopy may aid in diagnosis and management of ALM, especially in the context of positive surgical margins.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Margins of Excision ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Skin Neoplasms/surgery ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Melanoma/diagnostic imaging ; Melanoma/surgery ; Melanocytes/pathology ; Epidermis/pathology ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods ; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 604493-1
    ISSN 1096-9101 ; 0196-8092
    ISSN (online) 1096-9101
    ISSN 0196-8092
    DOI 10.1002/lsm.23647
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