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Article: Chat-GPT: Opportunities and Challenges in Child Mental Healthcare.

Imran, Nazish / Hashmi, Aateqa / Imran, Ahad

2023 Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 1191–1193

Abstract: Mental health in children and young people is a global public health concern. With the increasing prevalence of mental illnesses and a significant treatment gap, Mental Health in children and adolescents is now a global public health concern. The ... ...

Abstract	Mental health in children and young people is a global public health concern. With the increasing prevalence of mental illnesses and a significant treatment gap, Mental Health in children and adolescents is now a global public health concern. The development and extensive research in the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI) for healthcare has been quite promising. The emergence of AI based alternatives could be a viable solution for reducing mental health treatment gap for people belonging to low and middle income countries. Development of Chatbots like ChatGPT which is trained, using large amount of textual data from the internet, can revolutionize child and adolescent mental healthcare by acting as an effective assisting tool but a lot of caution is required for its safe and responsible use in times to come.e.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-08
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.39.4.8118
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Article: Preparing for the future of healthcare: Digital health literacy among medical students in Lahore, Pakistan.

Farooq, Zobia / Imran, Ahad / Imran, Nazish

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

2023 Volume 40, Issue 1Part-I, Page(s) 14–19

Abstract: Objective: Digital Health Literacy (DHL) is becoming a cardinal competence for all healthcare professionals (HCPs) including medical students for meaningful digital transformation of healthcare. As medical students need to navigate an increasingly ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Digital Health Literacy (DHL) is becoming a cardinal competence for all healthcare professionals (HCPs) including medical students for meaningful digital transformation of healthcare. As medical students need to navigate an increasingly digitalized healthcare environment, thus the study's objective was to assess digital health literacy among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore from October 2022 to August 2023. Medical students were asked to complete a pen and paper questionnaire of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) after informed consent. DHLI covers seven categories: operational skills, information searching strategy, analyzing the usefulness of online information, navigational abilities, contributing user-generated material to internet-based platforms, and privacy protection. SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: Eight hundred ninety one medical students, from first year to final year, participated in the study. The overall mean score for DHL was 63.5 (SD=8.82). Medical students achieved a score of 83.2% of total score in their operational abilities, and 82.3% proficiency in privacy protection, which were deemed highly desirable. Furthermore, they achieved a satisfactory level in navigation skill (76.0%), information searching (73.1%), adding content (71.0%), determining the significance of data (70.1%), and assessing data reliability (68.7%), based on the overall score. A significant relationship was observed between the performance level of DHL domains and gender with higher scores in males in all domains except protecting privacy, which was higher in females and clinical years students (p-value Conclusion: The assessment of the DHL of medical students was deemed desirable. But certain obstacles were encountered in few domains of DHL i.e., data reliability, relevance determination, and content augmentation. It is imperative to elevate the level of DHL of medical students to harness the potential of digital technologies in enhancing healthcare.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-09
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.40.1.8711
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Article: Artificial intelligence in medical education: Are we ready for it?

Imran, Nazish / Jawaid, Masood

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

2020 Volume 36, Issue 5, Page(s) 857–859

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-23
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.36.5.3042
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Article ; Online: Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)

Nazish Iftikhar / Imran Hashmi

Journal of Water and Health, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 108-

2021 Volume 119

Abstract: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a member of the sulfonamides group of antibiotics which is used extensively in aquaculture throughout the world. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used as the bioindicator to assess the toxicity potential of SMX. ... ...

Abstract	Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a member of the sulfonamides group of antibiotics which is used extensively in aquaculture throughout the world. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used as the bioindicator to assess the toxicity potential of SMX. Effects were based on chronic toxicity of environmentally relevant dosages of 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/L of SMX for 28 days. Cytotoxicity through hematology and biochemistry showed a dose–response relationship. Numerous variations were recorded in blood profile and biochemical parameters in SMX-exposed groups when compared to control. Hemoglobin, platelet, and erythrocyte levels were significantly decreased. Leukocyte level was significantly increased with values ranging from 131 to 303 (×103/μL). Changes in biochemical indices: glucose, total protein, and triglycerides showed biphasic trend, but alanine transaminase secretion was significantly increased from 25.13 to 204 U/L at higher concentration compared to control, suggesting liver damage. Spectrophotometric nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay showed that respiratory burst activity increased as a function of SMX dose and exposure time (0.48–1.33 absorbance) ultimately leading to reduction in immunity. The present study highlights that prolonged exposure of SMX affects biochemistry, hematology, and immunohematology of fish and these biomarkers act as an effective tool for environmental risk assessment of drugs in the aquatic environment.
Keywords	antibiotic ; biochemical analysis ; fish toxicity ; hematology ; respiratory burst activity ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IWA Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An Improved Multiexposure Image Fusion Technique.

Nazish, Zulfiqar / Adil, Masood Siddiqui / Awais, Ahmad / Waseem, Iqbal / Imran, Muhammad / Tauqir, Imran / Wajiha, Munir

Big data

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 215–224

Abstract: Multiexposure image fusion (MEF) is an effective approach to generate high dynamic range images from multilevel exposures taken from ordinary cameras. In this article, a novel MEF algorithm is proposed to gain maximum visual details as well as vivid ... ...

Abstract	Multiexposure image fusion (MEF) is an effective approach to generate high dynamic range images from multilevel exposures taken from ordinary cameras. In this article, a novel MEF algorithm is proposed to gain maximum visual details as well as vivid colors from the captured scene. This algorithm first decomposes the input images with multiple exposures into the base and detail layer. The weights for the base and detail layers are computed by using exposedness function and then both the layers are combined to generate the final fused image. The proposed multiexposure technique requires fewer computational operations, preserves edges, and also reduces spatial artifacts. The proposed technique has been evaluated quantitatively using image quality assessment model based on structure similarity index measure for MEF. By the extensive experimental results, it has been illustrated that in addition to significantly outperforming other state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed technique is much faster and can achieve better image quality.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2167-647X
ISSN (online)	2167-647X
DOI	10.1089/big.2021.0223
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Proceedings of International Conference on "Prescription for Wellness: Working Across Boundaries" held at Lahore Pakistan (August 2-3, 2019).

Jawaid, Shaukat Ali / Imran, Nazish

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

2019 Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 1749–1763

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-08
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.35.6.1655
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Article: When healers get wounded! Moral injury in healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.

Fatima, Madah / Imran, Nazish / Aamer, Irum / Iqtadar, Somia / Shabbir, Bilquis

Frontiers in psychiatry

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1244055

Abstract: Introduction: Moral injury (MI) is a multi-faceted and multidimensional phenomenon. Occupational MI has been studied mainly among military personnel and first responders and is linked to mental health problems. MI encompasses negative moral emotions ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Moral injury (MI) is a multi-faceted and multidimensional phenomenon. Occupational MI has been studied mainly among military personnel and first responders and is linked to mental health problems. MI encompasses negative moral emotions such as shame, guilt, and anger leading to distress, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. The COVID-19 pandemic predisposed healthcare providers to moral dilemmas, potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), and MI. We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of MI in healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in July-October 2021 among physician/clinician staff working at teaching hospitals in Lahore. The Moral Injury Symptoms Scale-Health Professionals (MISS-HP) was used to collect data. SPSS 26 was used for data analysis applying Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests on non-normally distributed data at α = 0.05. Predictors of MI were ascertained through Binary Logistic Regression analysis. Results: Four hundred and twenty physicians responded to the questionnaires. The Median (IQR) MI scores were 37(28-47). Guilt, moral concerns, and shame were higher-scoring MI dimensions. 40.8% ( Conclusion: Our findings highlight the substantial burden of MI in our sample during COVID-19, having implications for healthcare providers' well-being, healthcare quality, and service delivery. This calls for concerted efforts from all stakeholders to better prepare for future disasters through effective human-resource policies, pre-trauma exposure soft-skills training, effective teamwork and communication strategies; self-stewardship and resilience modules, and mental health support for healthcare providers. The dimensional construct of MI may vary across cultures; hence we recommend further cross-cultural research on MI in healthcare providers, particularly in the context of public health disasters.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1244055
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effectiveness of a school-based mental health intervention for school teachers in urban Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial.

Imran, Nazish / Rahman, Atif / Chaudhry, Nakhshab / Asif, Aftab

Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health

2022 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 33

Abstract: Background: Schools have a major role in promoting children's physical and psychological health and well-being and the mental health literacy of all key stakeholders, especially teachers, is critical to achieving this goal. Teachers' knowledge and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Schools have a major role in promoting children's physical and psychological health and well-being and the mental health literacy of all key stakeholders, especially teachers, is critical to achieving this goal. Teachers' knowledge and beliefs about psychological problems influence the way they deal with their students' mental health issues. This study is a preliminary investigation evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of a School Mental Health Programme (SMHP) developed by the World Health Organization's Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (WHO-EMRO) in improving mental health literacy and self-efficacy among school teachers in an inner-city area of urban Lahore. Methods: Teachers were randomly assigned to 3 days standardized WHO-EMRO School Mental Health Manual based Intervention (n = 118) or to a wait list delayed intervention control group (n = 113). Teachers were assessed pre and post training and at 3 months follow up using measures for mental health literacy (Primary outcome) and self-efficacy. School Heads completed the WHO School Psychosocial Profile and students reported socioemotional skills and psychological problems using Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire at baseline and 3 months post intervention. Results: Compared with waitlist group, teachers in intervention group presented a significant increase in mental health literacy (F Conclusion: This study is one of the first preliminary investigation of WHO-EMRO school mental health intervention in Pakistan. The study showed that intervention led to significant improvement in mental health literacy and self-efficacy among teachers, which was largely sustained over time. Despite a major limitation of lack of clustering and likely contamination affecting follow up outcomes, the study showed promising results in the context of mental health promotion, prevention and early intervention in schools in Lahore, Pakistan. A larger cluster randomised trial is justified, given the level of participant engagement and acceptability by schools. Trail registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT02937714) Registered 13th October 2016, https://register. Clinicaltrials: gov .
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2379599-2
ISSN	1753-2000
ISSN	1753-2000
DOI	10.1186/s13034-022-00470-1
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Article ; Online: Multi-biomarkers approach to determine the toxicological impacts of sulfamethoxazole antibiotic on freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio

Nazish Iftikhar / Rabeea Zafar / Imran Hashmi

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 233, Iss , Pp 113331- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Antibiotics are increasingly detected in the aquatic environment and are raising severe concerns for human and ecological health. Sulfamethoxazole being a widely recommended antibiotic in both human and veterinary medicine is consequently found in the ... ...

Abstract	Antibiotics are increasingly detected in the aquatic environment and are raising severe concerns for human and ecological health. Sulfamethoxazole being a widely recommended antibiotic in both human and veterinary medicine is consequently found in the aquatic environment. The current research was aimed to investigate the potential bioaccumulation and sub-lethal toxicity in terms of oxidative stress and histopathology of targeted antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in Cyprinus carpio at environmentally relevant concentrations over a prolonged period. Fish were exposed for 28 days to environmentally realistic concentrations (25–200 μg/L) of sulfamethoxazole. HPLC analysis revealed an inverse relationship between dosages applied and bioaccumulation in fish muscle tissues. The highest concentrations of sulfamethoxazole in the muscle tissues exposed to 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L were 124, 202,104.5, and 123.2 ng/g, respectively at different sampling times. Moreover, exposure to sulfamethoxazole enabled ROS (Reactive oxygen species) production in both brain and gill tissues of fish, where the increase in ROS formation was dose and time dependent. Furthermore, histopathological analysis of gills and liver revealed various alterations including pycnotic nuclei, bile stagnation, vacuolization in the liver, and partial and complete fusion of lamella and blood congestion in gills, respectively. Organ pathological index also revealed that the intensity of tissue damage increased as sulfamethoxazole dosage was increased. Quantitative evaluation of gills morphometric parameters divulged that severity of histopathological changes increased with time for all the exposed groups at the end of exposure time (28th day) indicating physio-metabolic turmoil caused by molecular and biochemical action of sulfamethoxazole. In conclusion, the assessment of bioaccumulative potential, measurement of ROS, and histopathology of Cyprinus carpio appeared to be a useful biomarker to evaluate the toxic impacts of antibiotics on the health of fish.
Keywords	Antibiotics ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Bioaccumulation ; Oxidative stress ; Histopathology ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Pattern of Adolescent Suicides in Pakistan: A content analysis of Newspaper reports of two years.

Imran, Nazish / Naveed, Sadiq / Rafiq, Bariah / Tahir, Sania Mumtaz / Ayub, Maryam / Haider, Imran Ijaz

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

2023 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 6–11

Abstract: Background and objective: Suicide is a serious, yet preventable global mental health problem for people of all ages and countries. It is the third leading cause of death in 15-19-year-olds. There is paucity of systematic studies and official statistics ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Suicide is a serious, yet preventable global mental health problem for people of all ages and countries. It is the third leading cause of death in 15-19-year-olds. There is paucity of systematic studies and official statistics on child & adolescent suicides in Pakistan. In the absence of other means, newspaper coverage of adolescent suicides may serve as a useful source to understand the phenomena. Our objective was to report pattern of suicide deaths in children and adolescents across Pakistan and to determine the predominant methods of suicide precipitating events and associated factors. Methods: This study used content analysis to analyze newspaper reports of adolescent suicide in four leading newspapers of Pakistan from January 1 Results: Total 289 suicides in children and adolescents in Pakistan were reported in selected newspapers during two years among both genders (51.5 % boys and 48.5% girls) with high incidence in late adolescence (66%). The predominant method of suicide in this group was ingestion of poisonous substances (50%) followed by hanging (35%) and use of firearms (7%). The behavior usually takes place within or near the adolescent's home environment. The act was often attributed to domestic conflicts including arguments with parents of the deceased and relationship problems. Conclusion: To develop effective suicide prevention strategies for a population, it must be studied within its own socio-cultural context. Study results emphasize adolescent suicide being a reality in Pakistan. There is urgent need for further culture specific research in this area in the country.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.39.1.6851
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