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  1. Article ; Online: Health care delivery of kidney transplantation to indigenous Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: A qualitative interview study with clinician stakeholders.

    Walker, Rachael C / Palmer, Suetonia C / Abel, Sally / Jones, Merryn / Walker, Curtis / Tipene-Leach, David

    Journal of health services research & policy

    2024  , Page(s) 13558196241248525

    Abstract: Objectives: Indigenous people experience higher rates of kidney failure than do non-Indigenous Peoples. However, compared to Indigenous patients, health care systems deliver kidney transplantation to non-Indigenous patients at a substantially higher ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Indigenous people experience higher rates of kidney failure than do non-Indigenous Peoples. However, compared to Indigenous patients, health care systems deliver kidney transplantation to non-Indigenous patients at a substantially higher rate and more frequently as the first treatment of kidney failure. Indigenous Māori patients in Aotearoa New Zealand report numerous barriers to kidney transplantation. We explore the perspectives of clinicians as stakeholders in the delivery of kidney transplantation.
    Methods: In 2021/2022 we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with key stakeholder clinicians within kidney transplantation services in Aotearoa New Zealand, asking them about the issues for Māori patients. We used thematic analysis informed by critical theory to identify key findings and used structural coding to categorize the themes at the level of society, health system, and health services.
    Results: We interviewed 18 clinicians (nine nephrologists, including two transplant nephrologists, and nine nurses, including six transplant coordinators). We identified nine themes from stakeholders related to delivery of kidney transplantation services to Māori patients and whānau (family), categorized according to three main levels: Firstly, at the level of society (the impact of colonization and distrust). Secondly, the health care system (failure to prevent and manage kidney disease, health care model delivers inequitable outcomes, and inadequate Māori health professional workforce). Thirdly, health care services (transplantation reliant on patient and family resources, complex assessment causes untimely delays, clinical criteria for transplantation, and lack of clinician ability to effect change).
    Conclusions: Delivery of kidney transplantation to Indigenous Peoples is impacted at the level of society, health care system, and health care service. To address inequities, a broad approach that addresses each of these levels is required.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1330668-6
    ISSN 1758-1060 ; 1355-8196
    ISSN (online) 1758-1060
    ISSN 1355-8196
    DOI 10.1177/13558196241248525
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  2. Article ; Online: Positioning Stakeholder Perspectives in COPD End-of-Life Care Using Critical Theory and Actor-Network Theory

    Amanda Landers / Suzanne G. Pitama / Suetonia C. Palmer / Lutz Beckert

    International Journal of Qualitative Methods, Vol

    A Methodological Approach

    2023  Volume 22

    Abstract: Background Meaningful engagement with stakeholders in the provision of healthcare and services is recommended by the World Health Organisation. Culturally specific evaluation may enable deeper exploration of the critical views of people living with ... ...

    Abstract Background Meaningful engagement with stakeholders in the provision of healthcare and services is recommended by the World Health Organisation. Culturally specific evaluation may enable deeper exploration of the critical views of people living with advanced long-term conditions, their support people, and healthcare providers. Aim and design This article describes how critical theory and Actor-Network theory involved all stakeholders including patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as expert voices during the evaluation of end-of-life care services. Results We describe how critical theory and Actor-Network theory informed the methodologies for focus groups and how stakeholders spoke as critical experts about and in the system. An analytical sample of the focus group study is presented to demonstrate how the frameworks were applied to identify cohesive themes that were inclusive of all stakeholders. Conclusions This paper highlights how the evaluation of health systems can include a critical methodological approach to include the values and perspectives of all stakeholders. The outcomes may be used by those who design health systems to develop high-quality services.
    Keywords Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: 'People that suffer or have been through it know the answers': stakeholders' perspectives on improving healthcare systems for end-of-life care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

    Landers, Amanda / Pitama, Suzanne G / Palmer, Suetonia C / Beckert, Lutz

    BMC health services research

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 1443

    Abstract: Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and disabling lung condition with a high mortality. Our research has shown that health care for end-of-life COPD is poorly integrated. The aim of this study was to involve people ... ...

    Abstract Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and disabling lung condition with a high mortality. Our research has shown that health care for end-of-life COPD is poorly integrated. The aim of this study was to involve people with end-of-life COPD, their support people and health professionals in the design of healthcare services to help improve the delivery of care for advanced COPD, including informing system-level quality improvement.
    Design: We conducted a focus group study involving stakeholders of healthcare services: people with end-of life COPD, support people, bereaved support people, and community- and hospital-based health care professionals.
    Methods: We conducted qualitative analysis using deductive structural coding, and then inductive descriptive and pattern coding. Analyses were triangulated by investigators. The research positioned people with end-of-life COPD, their support people and health professionals as experts in healthcare services. Critical theory and Actor-Network theory informed the analysis.
    Results: Seven focus groups involving 74 participants reported their experiences of end-of-life care for COPD. Five themes related to healthcare systems responses to improving care quality were identified: governance, system integration, resource design and development, standardisation of processes, and communication.
    Conclusion: Stakeholders provided multiple healthcare system-level responses to end-of-life care in COPD that could inform healthcare service design and clinical quality improvement.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Delivery of Health Care ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy ; Focus Groups ; Terminal Care ; Death ; Quality of Life
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-023-10431-9
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  4. Article: Stakeholders' Perspectives on the Quality of End-of-Life Health Care Services for Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease: A Focus Group Study.

    Landers, Amanda / Pitama, Suzanne G / Palmer, Suetonia C / Beckert, Lutz

    International journal of integrated care

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 3

    Abstract: Introduction: Delivery of end-of-life care for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been hampered by an unpredictable disease trajectory and poor integration of health care and social services.: Objective: To critically explore the ...

    Abstract Introduction: Delivery of end-of-life care for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been hampered by an unpredictable disease trajectory and poor integration of health care and social services.
    Objective: To critically explore the perspectives, values, and experiences of stakeholders in COPD end-of-life healthcare services in a large district in Aotearoa New Zealand.
    Design: Focus groups analysed utilising critical theory and Actor-Network Theory.
    Methods: Stakeholders in end-of-life COPD healthcare services were purposively sampled from a large healthcare network in Canterbury, Aotearoa New Zealand to participate in seven focus groups (bereaved carers, community-based health professionals, non-Māori, non-Pacific patients, and support people (two groups), Māori patients, supporters and health professionals, Pacific patients, support people and health professionals, and hospital-based health professionals). Participants discussed end-of-life care services for people with COPD. Transcripts were coded utilising descriptive and structural coding to develop themes related to provision of quality care. Participants were positioned as experts. We considered how the themes arising supported and disrupted the healthcare network for end-of-life COPD.
    Results: Five themes related to quality of care for end-of-life COPD were identified: compassion, competence, community, commitment, and collaboration. The absence of any of these five themes required for quality care led to power imbalances within healthcare systems. Power inequities created disconnection among stakeholders which then disrupted commitment, community, and collaboration. A dysfunctional healthcare network impeded compassion between stakeholders and did not support their competence, leading to lower quality care. All five themes were identified as essential to delivery of high-quality end-of-life care in COPD.
    Conclusion: Stakeholders' perspectives of end-of-life care for COPD identified of core features of a health system network that enabled or impeded the actions of stakeholders and allocation of resources to provide quality care.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2119289-3
    ISSN 1568-4156
    ISSN 1568-4156
    DOI 10.5334/ijic.7274
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  5. Article ; Online: Consumer values, perspectives and experiences of psychological health when living with dialysis at home: An in-depth interview study.

    Walker, Rachael C / Walker, Curtis / Reynolds, Annie / Haselden, Rachel / Hay, Sandra / Palmer, Suetonia C

    Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis

    2023  , Page(s) 8968608231202899

    Abstract: Background: People treated with home dialysis report social and emotional isolation, fear of catastrophic events and concern about being a burden. There is a paucity of research exploring psychological well-being among consumers dialysing at home. We ... ...

    Abstract Background: People treated with home dialysis report social and emotional isolation, fear of catastrophic events and concern about being a burden. There is a paucity of research exploring psychological well-being among consumers dialysing at home. We aimed to explore the psychological health issues related to home dialysis, and how these issues may impact on sustaining home-based treatment.
    Methods: We conducted a qualitative interview study with 36 consumers. We included patients with experience of home dialysis and caregivers. Thirteen participants had experienced peritoneal dialysis, seven home haemodialysis, seven had experienced both and nine caregivers. Data were analysed inductively to generate themes and a conceptual framework.
    Results: We identified four themes and subthemes: overwhelming isolation and disconnection (devastating isolation of home dialysis; abandoned from support; escalating anxiety; compounding impact of feeling like a burden); importance of support systems (impact on relationships; need for emotional support; reassurance through shared experiences; valuing trustworthy and committed clinicians); burden of distress (individualised feelings of low mood; grappling with stigma surrounding diagnosis; contemplating treatment withdrawal and suicide); seeking mental health support (normalising mental health support as a distinct entity in dialysis care; overcoming barriers to seeking mental health support; additional tools for mental health support and connection).
    Conclusion: Consumers may experience intense psychological distress during home-based dialysis care. Increasing clinician and health services literacy about the management of psychological impacts of home-based dialysis may improve consumer safety, quality of life and sustainability of home treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645010-6
    ISSN 1718-4304 ; 0896-8608
    ISSN (online) 1718-4304
    ISSN 0896-8608
    DOI 10.1177/08968608231202899
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  6. Article ; Online: Blood pressure lowering for kidney transplant recipients: systematic review with network meta-analysis.

    Natale, Patrizia / Palmer, Suetonia C / Jaure, Allison / Saglimbene, Valeria / Iannone, Andrea / Sluiter, Amanda / Craig, Jonathan / Strippoli, Giovanni F M

    Journal of hypertension

    2024  Volume 42, Issue 5, Page(s) 848–855

    Abstract: Objective: Hypertension affects 50-90% of kidney transplant recipients and is associated with cardiovascular disease and graft loss. We aimed to evaluate the comparative benefits and harms of blood pressure lowering agents in people with a functioning ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Hypertension affects 50-90% of kidney transplant recipients and is associated with cardiovascular disease and graft loss. We aimed to evaluate the comparative benefits and harms of blood pressure lowering agents in people with a functioning kidney transplant.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL through to October 2023. RCTs evaluating blood pressure lowering agents administered for at least 2 weeks in people with a functioning kidney transplant with and without preexisting hypertension were eligible. Two reviewers independently extracted data. The primary outcome was graft loss. Treatment effects were estimated using random effects network meta-analysis, with treatment effects expressed as an odds ratio (OR) for binary outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes together with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Confidence in the evidence was assessed using GRADE for network meta-analysis.
    Results: Ninety-four studies (7547 adults) were included. Two studies were conducted in children. No blood pressure-lowering agent reduced the risk of graft loss, withdrawal because of adverse events, death, cardiovascular or kidney outcomes compared with placebo/other drug class. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blocker therapy may incur greater odds of hyperkalemia compared with calcium channel blockers [odds ratio (OR) 5.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.47-12.16; and OR 8.67, 95% CI 2.65-28.36; low certainty evidence, respectively).
    Conclusion: The evidentiary basis for the comparative benefits and safety of blood pressure lowering agents in people with a functioning kidney transplant is limited to guide treatment decision-making.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Adult ; Humans ; Blood Pressure ; Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605532-1
    ISSN 1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    ISSN (online) 1473-5598
    ISSN 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    DOI 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003663
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    Zs.A 1885: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Anticoagulation for people receiving long-term haemodialysis.

    Natale, Patrizia / Palmer, Suetonia C / Ruospo, Marinella / Longmuir, Henrietta / Dodds, Benjamin / Prasad, Ritam / Batt, Tracey J / Jose, Matthew D / Strippoli, Giovanni Fm

    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    2024  Volume 1, Page(s) CD011858

    Abstract: Background: Haemodialysis (HD) requires safe and effective anticoagulation to prevent clot formation within the extracorporeal circuit during dialysis treatments to enable adequate dialysis and minimise adverse events, including major bleeding. Low ... ...

    Abstract Background: Haemodialysis (HD) requires safe and effective anticoagulation to prevent clot formation within the extracorporeal circuit during dialysis treatments to enable adequate dialysis and minimise adverse events, including major bleeding. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may provide a more predictable dose, reliable anticoagulant effects and be simpler to administer than unfractionated heparin (UFH) for HD anticoagulation, but may accumulate in the kidneys and lead to bleeding.
    Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation strategies (including both heparin and non-heparin drugs) for long-term HD in people with kidney failure. Any intervention preventing clotting within the extracorporeal circuit without establishing anticoagulation within the patient, such as regional citrate, citrate enriched dialysate, heparin-coated dialysers, pre-dilution haemodiafiltration (HDF), and saline flushes were also included.
    Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to November 2023 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov.
    Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised controlled studies (quasi-RCTs) evaluating anticoagulant agents administered during HD treatment in adults and children with kidney failure.
    Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool and extracted data. Treatment effects were estimated using random effects meta-analysis and expressed as relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach (GRADE).
    Main results: We included 113 studies randomising 4535 participants. The risk of bias in each study was adjudicated as high or unclear for most risk domains. Compared to UFH, LMWH had uncertain effects on extracorporeal circuit thrombosis (3 studies, 91 participants: RR 1.58, 95% CI 0.46 to 5.42; I
    Authors' conclusions: Anticoagulant strategies, including UFH and LMWH, have uncertain comparative risks on extracorporeal circuit thrombosis, while major bleeding and minor bleeding were not adequately reported. Regional citrate may decrease minor bleeding, but the effects on major bleeding and extracorporeal circuit thrombosis were not reported. Evidence supporting clinical decision-making for different forms of anticoagulant strategies for HD is of low and very low certainty, as available studies have not been designed to measure treatment effects on important clinical outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Heparin/adverse effects ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Renal Dialysis ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/adverse effects ; Citric Acid ; Citrates ; Renal Insufficiency ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Thrombosis/etiology ; Thrombosis/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Heparin (9005-49-6) ; Anticoagulants ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Citric Acid (2968PHW8QP) ; Citrates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1469-493X
    ISSN (online) 1469-493X
    DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD011858.pub2
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  8. Article ; Online: Interventions for Preventing Bone Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Editorial Summary of a Cochrane Review.

    Palmer, Suetonia C / Strippoli, Giovanni F M

    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation

    2020  Volume 75, Issue 5, Page(s) 807–809

    MeSH term(s) Bone Density ; Bone Diseases ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604539-x
    ISSN 1523-6838 ; 0272-6386
    ISSN (online) 1523-6838
    ISSN 0272-6386
    DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.10.019
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    Zs.A 1669: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome.

    Azukaitis, Karolis / Palmer, Suetonia C / Strippoli, Giovanni Fm / Hodson, Elisabeth M

    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    2022  Volume 3, Page(s) CD001537

    Abstract: Background: Steroids have been used widely since the early 1970s for the treatment of adult-onset minimal change disease (MCD). Recently, newer agents have been used in adult MCD aiming to reduce the risk of adverse effects. The response rates to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Steroids have been used widely since the early 1970s for the treatment of adult-onset minimal change disease (MCD). Recently, newer agents have been used in adult MCD aiming to reduce the risk of adverse effects. The response rates to immunosuppressive agents in adult MCD are more variable than in children. The optimal agent, dose, and duration of treatment for the first episode of nephrotic syndrome, or for disease relapse(s) have not been determined. This is an update of a review first published in 2008.
    Objectives: We aimed to 1) evaluate the benefits and harms of different agents, including both immunosuppressive and non-immunosuppressive agents, in adults with MCD causing the nephrotic syndrome; and 2) evaluate the efficacy of interventions on 'time-to-remission' of nephrotic syndrome, in adults with MCD causing the nephrotic syndrome.
    Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to 21 July 2021 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Register (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov.
    Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of any intervention for MCD with nephrotic syndrome in adults over 18 years were included. Studies comparing different types, routes, frequencies, and duration of immunosuppressive agents and non-immunosuppressive agents were assessed.
    Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. Statistical analyses were performed using the random-effects model and results were expressed as a risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes, or mean difference (MD) for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Confidence in the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
    Main results: Fifteen RCTs (769 randomised participants) were identified; four studies evaluated different prednisolone regimens, eight studies evaluated the calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) (tacrolimus or cyclosporin), two studies evaluated enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) and one study evaluated levamisole. In all but two studies of non-corticosteroid agents, reduced-dose prednisolone was given with the treatment agent and the comparator was high-dose prednisolone. In the risk of bias assessment, 11 and seven studies were at low risk of bias for sequence generation and allocation concealment, respectively. No studies were at low risk of performance bias and eight studies were at low risk of detection bias. Thirteen, 10 and six studies were at low risk of attrition bias, reporting bias and other bias, respectively. Compared with no specific treatment, it is uncertain whether prednisolone increases the number with complete remission (1 study, 28 participants: RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.19), complete or partial remission (1 study, 28 participants: RR 1.38, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.95), subsequent relapse (1 study, 28 participants: RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.17), or reduces the adverse effects because the certainty of the evidence is very low. Compared with oral prednisolone alone, it is uncertain whether intravenous methylprednisolone and prednisolone increase the number with complete remission (2 studies, 35 participants: RR 1.76, 95% CI 0.17 to 18.32; I² = 90%), relapse (two studies, 19 participants. RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.15; I² = 0%) or adverse events because the certainty of the evidence is very low. Compared with prednisolone alone, CNIs with reduced-dose prednisolone or without prednisolone probably make little or no difference to the number achieving complete remission (8 studies; 492 participants: RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.05; I² = 0%), complete or partial remission (4 studies, 269 participants: RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.05; I² = 0%), or relapse (7 studies; 422 participants: RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.03; I² = 0%) (moderate certainty evidence), may reduce the risk of obesity or Cushing's Syndrome (5 studies; 388 participants: RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.59; I² = 45%) and the risk of acne (4 studies; 270 participants: RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.67; I² = 0%) (low certainty evidence); and had uncertain effects on diabetes or hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and acute kidney injury (AKI) (low certainty evidence). Compared with prednisolone alone, EC-MPS with reduced-dose prednisolone probably make little or no difference to the number undergoing complete remission at 4 weeks (1 study, 114 participants: RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.50), and at 24 weeks probably make little or no difference to the number undergoing complete remission (2 studies, 134 participants: RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.38; I² = 0%) (moderate certainty evidence), complete or partial remission (2 studies 134 participants: RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.12; I² = 0%), relapse (2 studies, 83 participants: RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.07 to 3.74; I² = 56%) (low certainty evidence); or to the adverse events of new-onset glucose intolerance, death, or AKI (low certainty evidence). One study (24 participants) compared levamisole and prednisolone with prednisolone in patients with relapsing disease. The authors identified no differences in mean relapse rate or adverse effects but no standard deviations were provided.
    Authors' conclusions: This updated review has identified evidence for the efficacy and adverse effects of CNIs and EC-MPS with or without reduced-dose prednisolone compared with prednisolone alone for the induction of remission in adults with MCD and nephrotic syndrome with some reductions in steroid-associated adverse events. RCT data on the efficacy and adverse effects of rituximab in adults with MCD are awaited. Further, adequately powered RCTs are required to determine the relative efficacies of CNIs and EC-MPS and to evaluate these medications in patients with relapsing or steroid-resistant disease.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced ; Adult ; Calcineurin Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Levamisole/therapeutic use ; Male ; Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use ; Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use ; Nephrosis, Lipoid/chemically induced ; Nephrosis, Lipoid/complications ; Nephrosis, Lipoid/drug therapy ; Nephrotic Syndrome/chemically induced ; Nephrotic Syndrome/complications ; Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy ; Recurrence ; Steroids/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Steroids ; Levamisole (2880D3468G) ; Mycophenolic Acid (HU9DX48N0T) ; Methylprednisolone (X4W7ZR7023)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ISSN 1469-493X
    ISSN (online) 1469-493X
    DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001537.pub5
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  10. Article ; Online: Immunosuppressive Treatment for Proliferative Lupus Nephritis: Summary of a Cochrane Review.

    Tunnicliffe, David J / Palmer, Suetonia C

    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation

    2018  Volume 72, Issue 5, Page(s) 756–757

    MeSH term(s) Biological Products/therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Lupus Nephritis/diagnosis ; Lupus Nephritis/drug therapy ; Lupus Nephritis/mortality ; Male ; Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Remission Induction ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Biological Products ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Cyclophosphamide (8N3DW7272P) ; Mycophenolic Acid (HU9DX48N0T)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604539-x
    ISSN 1523-6838 ; 0272-6386
    ISSN (online) 1523-6838
    ISSN 0272-6386
    DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.07.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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