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  1. Article ; Online: Variation in Isolate Virulence and Accession Resistance Associated with Diaporthe aspalathi, D. caulivora, and D. longicolla in Soybean

    Mohan, Karthika / Kontz, Brian / Okello, Paul / Allen, Tom W. / Bergstrom, Gary C. / Bissonnette, Kaitlyn / Bonkowski, John / Bradley, Carl A. / Buck, James / Chilvers, Martin I. / Dorrance, Anne / Giesler, Loren / Kelly, Heather / Koehler, Alyssa / Lopez-Nicora, Horacio D. / Mangel, Dylan / Markell, Samuel G. / Mueller, Daren / Price III, Paul P. /
    Rojas, Alejandro / Shires, Madalyn / Smith, Damon / Spurlock, Terry / Webster, Richard W. / Wise, Kiersten / Yabwalo, Dalitso / Mathew, Febina M.

    Plant Health Progress. 2023 Dec., v. 24, no. 4 p.482-487

    2023  

    Abstract: ... D. caulivora, and D. longicolla reduce yield in the United States. Sources of resistance ... from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection with reported resistance to D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, or D ... to moderately correlated with those of the D. aspalathi-susceptible ‘Bragg’, as well as for ‘PI567473B’ and ...

    Abstract Important stem and grain diseases of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) caused by Diaporthe aspalathi, D. caulivora, and D. longicolla reduce yield in the United States. Sources of resistance to these pathogens have previously been reported; however, there is limited information regarding their resistance when exposed to geographically distinct isolates of the same species. In this study, four accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection with reported resistance to D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, or D. longicolla were evaluated using geographically representative isolates within each species from the United States. For each fungus, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (isolate × accession). Plants were inoculated at the second to third trifoliate growth stage using toothpicks infested with isolates of each Diaporthe species. Pathogenicity was assessed 21 days postinoculation as 0 = no lesion, 0.5 = lesion length > 1 cm, and 1 = dead plant. A significant isolate-by-accession interaction (P < 0.05) was observed to affect pathogenicity as analyzed using nonparametric statistics (relative treatment effects [RTEs]), indicating that accessions responded differently to the isolates. Correlation analyses suggested that the RTEs on ‘Tracy-M’, ‘Dowling’, and ‘Crockett’ were weakly to moderately correlated with those of the D. aspalathi-susceptible ‘Bragg’, as well as for ‘PI567473B’ and ‘Century’ (D. caulivora), and ‘PI417507’ (D. longicolla), with the RTEs on ‘Hawkeye’ (P > 0.05) indicating possible genetic variation for resistance within these accessions. Our results provide information related to the resistance of previously identified accessions to develop commercial cultivars with resistance to important pathogens within the genus Diaporthe. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
    Keywords Diaporthe ; Glycine max ; USDA ; cultivars ; developmental stages ; fungi ; genetic variation ; germplasm conservation ; greenhouse experimentation ; plant health ; soybeans ; statistics ; virulence ; pod and stem blight ; stem canker
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-12
    Size p. 482-487.
    Publishing place The American Phytopathological Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 1535-1025
    DOI 10.1094/PHP-04-23-0041-RS
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Oral, intranasal, and intravenous abuse potential of serdexmethylphenidate, a novel prodrug of d-methylphenidate.

    Shram, Megan J / Setnik, Beatrice / Webster, Lynn / Guenther, Sven / Mickle, Travis C / Braeckman, Rene / Kanski, Jaroslaw / Martin, Andrea / Kelsh, Debra / Vince, Bradley D / Barrett, Andrew C

    Current medical research and opinion

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 1237–1250

    Abstract: Objectives: Serdexmethylphenidate (SDX) chloride (Cl) is a novel prodrug of d-methylphenidate (d ... and 240 mg) vs. extended-release (ER) d-MPH (80 mg) and phentermine (60 mg); IN SDX (80 mg) vs. d-MPH ... 40 mg), and IV SDX (30 mg) vs. d-MPH (15 mg). Abuse-related subjective measures, pharmacokinetics ...

    Abstract Objectives: Serdexmethylphenidate (SDX) chloride (Cl) is a novel prodrug of d-methylphenidate (d-MPH). These studies evaluated the abuse potential of SDX Cl when administered orally, intranasally (IN), and intravenously (IV).
    Methods: Three randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled crossover studies were conducted in recreational drug users to evaluate the abuse-related effects of oral SDX (120 and 240 mg) vs. extended-release (ER) d-MPH (80 mg) and phentermine (60 mg); IN SDX (80 mg) vs. d-MPH (40 mg), and IV SDX (30 mg) vs. d-MPH (15 mg). Abuse-related subjective measures, pharmacokinetics, and safety were assessed.
    Results: The primary endpoint of maximum (E
    Conclusions: These findings indicate that the novel d-MPH prodrug, SDX, has lower abuse potential than d-MPH and support its classification as a C-IV controlled substance.
    MeSH term(s) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects ; Cross-Over Studies ; Delayed-Action Preparations/therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Methylphenidate/adverse effects ; Phentermine ; Prodrugs/adverse effects ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Prodrugs ; Methylphenidate (207ZZ9QZ49) ; Phentermine (C045TQL4WP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80296-7
    ISSN 1473-4877 ; 0300-7995
    ISSN (online) 1473-4877
    ISSN 0300-7995
    DOI 10.1080/03007995.2022.2076474
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Vitamin D status: a U-shaped relationship for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers.

    Lugg, Sebastian T / Mackay, William R / Faniyi, Aduragbemi A / Faustini, Sian E / Webster, Craig / Duffy, Joanne E / Hewison, Martin / Shields, Adrian M / Parekh, Dhruv / Richter, Alex G / Scott, Aaron / Thickett, David R

    BMJ open respiratory research

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 1

    Abstract: Background: There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals' ... Data collected included SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion status, serum 25(OH)D: Results: When VD levels were compared ...

    Abstract Background: There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals' risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between VD deficiency and sufficiency and COVID-19 seropositivity within healthcare workers.
    Methods: The study included an observational cohort of healthcare workers who isolated due to COVID-19 symptoms from 12 May to 22 May 2020, from the University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust. Data collected included SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion status, serum 25(OH)D
    Results: When VD levels were compared against COVID-19 seropositivity rate, a U-shaped curve was identified. This trend repeated when participants were split into subgroups of age, sex, ethnicity, BMI and comorbidity status. Significant difference was identified in the COVID-19 seropositivity rate between VD groups in the total population and between groups of men and women; black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) group; BMI<30 (kg/m
    Conclusions: Our study has shown a U-shaped relationship for COVID-19 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers. Further investigation is required to determine whether high VD levels can have a detrimental effect on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Future randomised clinical trials of VD supplementation could potentially identify 'optimal' VD levels, allowing for targeted therapeutic treatment for those at risk.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; State Medicine ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2736454-9
    ISSN 2052-4439 ; 2052-4439
    ISSN (online) 2052-4439
    ISSN 2052-4439
    DOI 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001258
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Vitamin D status

    Aaron Scott / Sebastian T Lugg / Dhruv Parekh / David R Thickett / Martin Hewison / Craig Webster / Sian E Faustini / Alex G Richter / Adrian M Shields / Aduragbemi A Faniyi / William R Mackay / Joanne E Duffy

    BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 9, Iss

    a U-shaped relationship for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers

    2022  Volume 1

    Abstract: Background There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals ...

    Abstract Background There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals’ risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between VD deficiency and sufficiency and COVID-19 seropositivity within healthcare workers.Methods The study included an observational cohort of healthcare workers who isolated due to COVID-19 symptoms from 12 May to 22 May 2020, from the University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust. Data collected included SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion status, serum 25(OH)D3 levels, age, body mass index (BMI), sex, ethnicity, job role and comorbidities. Participants were grouped into four VD categories: (1) Severe VD deficiency (VD<30 nmol/L); (2) VD deficiency (30 nmol/L ≤VD<50 nmol/L); (3) VD insufficiency (50 nmol/L ≤VD<75 nmol/L); (4) VD sufficiency (VD≥75 nmol/L).Results When VD levels were compared against COVID-19 seropositivity rate, a U-shaped curve was identified. This trend repeated when participants were split into subgroups of age, sex, ethnicity, BMI and comorbidity status. Significant difference was identified in the COVID-19 seropositivity rate between VD groups in the total population and between groups of men and women; black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) group; BMI<30 (kg/m2); 0 and +1 comorbidities; the majority of which were differences when the severely VD deficient category were compared with the other groups. A larger proportion of those within the BAME group (vs white ethnicity) were severely VD deficient (p<0.00001). A larger proportion of the 0 comorbidity subgroup were VD deficient in comparison to the 1+ comorbidity subgroup (p=0.046).Conclusions Our study has shown a U-shaped relationship for COVID-19 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers. Further investigation is required to determine whether high VD levels can have a detrimental effect on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Future randomised clinical trials of VD supplementation could potentially identify ‘optimal’ VD ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Shigella ubiquitin ligase IpaH7.8 targets gasdermin D for degradation to prevent pyroptosis and enable infection.

    Luchetti, Giovanni / Roncaioli, Justin L / Chavez, Roberto A / Schubert, Alexander F / Kofoed, Eric M / Reja, Rohit / Cheung, Tommy K / Liang, Yuxin / Webster, Joshua D / Lehoux, Isabelle / Skippington, Elizabeth / Reeder, Janina / Haley, Benjamin / Tan, Man Wah / Rose, Christopher M / Newton, Kim / Kayagaki, Nobuhiko / Vance, Russell E / Dixit, Vishva M

    Cell host & microbe

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 10, Page(s) 1521–1530.e10

    Abstract: The pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) executes lytic cell death called pyroptosis ...

    Abstract The pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) executes lytic cell death called pyroptosis to eliminate the replicative niche of intracellular pathogens. Evolution favors pathogens that circumvent this host defense mechanism. Here, we show that the Shigella ubiquitin ligase IpaH7.8 functions as an inhibitor of GSDMD. Shigella is an enteroinvasive bacterium that causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in primates, but not rodents. IpaH7.8 contributes to species specificity by ubiquitinating human, but not mouse, GSDMD and targeting it for proteasomal degradation. Accordingly, infection of human epithelial cells with IpaH7.8-deficient Shigella flexneri results in increased GSDMD-dependent cell death compared with wild type. Consistent with pyroptosis contributing to murine disease resistance, eliminating GSDMD from NLRC4-deficient mice, which are already sensitized to oral infection with Shigella flexneri, leads to further enhanced bacterial replication and increased disease severity. This work highlights a species-specific pathogen arms race focused on maintenance of host cell viability.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Dysentery, Bacillary/genetics ; Dysentery, Bacillary/metabolism ; Dysentery, Bacillary/microbiology ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology ; Female ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/genetics ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; Shigella flexneri/enzymology ; Shigella flexneri/genetics ; Shigella flexneri/physiology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Gsdmd protein, mouse ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2021.08.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Nutritional strategies to optimise musculoskeletal health for fall and fracture prevention: Looking beyond calcium, vitamin D and protein.

    Webster, James / Dalla Via, Jack / Langley, Christina / Smith, Cassandra / Sale, Craig / Sim, Marc

    Bone reports

    2023  Volume 19, Page(s) 101684

    Abstract: ... of diet for musculoskeletal health has largely focused upon calcium, vitamin D, and protein, particularly ... is to (i) summarise the current evidence for calcium, vitamin D and protein; (ii) describe ...

    Abstract Falls and osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem, particularly among older adults. A third of individuals aged 65 years and over fall at least once each year, with up to 20 % of these resulting in serious injury, including fracture. In conjunction with regular exercise, the importance of diet for musculoskeletal health has largely focused upon calcium, vitamin D, and protein, particularly in the context of preventing falls and fractures. Whilst there is evidence for the benefits of these nutrients for musculoskeletal health, other aspects of the diet remain largely underexplored. For example, vegetables are rich sources of macro- and micronutrients that are essential for muscle function and bone health, which are key factors in the prevention of falls and fractures. Recent work has highlighted the importance of nutrients such as vegetable-derived nitrate and vitamin K1 in optimising muscle strength, physical function, and bone quality. In the context of dietary patterns, vegan/plant-based diets have recently gained popularity due to perceived health benefits, animal welfare, or to tackle climate change. The elimination and/or substitution of animal-based products for plant foods (without careful planning and/or expert dietary guidance) could, however, have long-term negative musculoskeletal consequences; a trend uncovered by recent evidence. Within the overarching theme of nutrition for fall and fracture prevention in older populations, the aim of this review is to (i) summarise the current evidence for calcium, vitamin D and protein; (ii) describe the importance of vegetables and selected nutrients, such as nitrate and vitamin K1, for muscle function and bone structural integrity; and (iii) highlight current evidence around different dietary patterns (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2821774-3
    ISSN 2352-1872
    ISSN 2352-1872
    DOI 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101684
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Genetic polymorphisms, vitamin D binding protein and vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19.

    Faniyi, Aduragbemi A / Lugg, Sebastian T / Faustini, Sian E / Webster, Craig / Duffy, Joanne E / Hewison, Martin / Shields, Adrian / Nightingale, Peter / Richter, Alex G / Thickett, David R

    The European respiratory journal

    2021  Volume 57, Issue 5

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroconversion ; United Kingdom ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D Deficiency/genetics ; Vitamin D-Binding Protein/genetics
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D-Binding Protein ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 639359-7
    ISSN 1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
    ISSN (online) 1399-3003
    ISSN 0903-1936
    DOI 10.1183/13993003.00653-2021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Vitamin D status and seroconversion for COVID-19 in UK healthcare workers.

    Faniyi, Aduragbemi A / Lugg, Sebastian T / Faustini, Sian E / Webster, Craig / Duffy, Joanne E / Hewison, Martin / Shields, Adrian / Nightingale, Peter / Richter, Alex G / Thickett, David R

    The European respiratory journal

    2021  Volume 57, Issue 4

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/blood ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seroconversion ; United Kingdom ; Vitamin D/blood
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 639359-7
    ISSN 1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
    ISSN (online) 1399-3003
    ISSN 0903-1936
    DOI 10.1183/13993003.04234-2020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Iron-Catalyzed H/D Exchange of Primary Silanes, Secondary Silanes, and Tertiary Siloxanes

    Linford-Wood, Thomas G / Mahon, Mary F / Grayson, Matthew N / Webster, Ruth L

    ACS catalysis

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) 2979–2985

    Abstract: A synthetic study into the catalytic hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange of 1° silanes, 2° silanes ...

    Abstract A synthetic study into the catalytic hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange of 1° silanes, 2° silanes, and 3° siloxanes is presented, facilitated by iron-β-diketiminato complexes (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2155-5435
    ISSN 2155-5435
    DOI 10.1021/acscatal.2c00224
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Vitamin D Status: A U-shaped relationship for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers

    Mackay, William R / Lugg, Sebastian T / Faniyi, Aduragbemi A / Faustini, Sian / Webster, Craig / Duffy, Joanne / Hewison, Martin / Shields, Adrian / Richter, Alex A / Parekh, Dhruv / Scott, Aaron / Thickett, David R

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Background: Vitamin D has numerous mechanistic roles within the immune system. There is increasing ... evidence to suggest Vitamin D deficiency may increase individuals risk of COVID-19 infection and ... susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between severity of vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency ...

    Abstract Background: Vitamin D has numerous mechanistic roles within the immune system. There is increasing evidence to suggest Vitamin D deficiency may increase individuals risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between severity of vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency and COVID-19 infection within healthcare workers. Methods: The study included an observational cohort of healthcare workers who isolated due to COVID-19 symptoms from 12th to 22nd May 2020, from the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT). This was part of the COVID-19 convalescent immunity study (COCO). Data collected included SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion status, serum 25(OH)D3 levels as well as age, body mass index (BMI), sex, ethnicity, job role, and co-morbidities. Participants were grouped into four vitamin D (VD) categories. 1) Severe VD deficiency (VD <30 nmol/L); 2) VD deficiency (VD > or equal to 30 nmol/L and <50 nmol/L); 3) VD insufficiency (VD > or equal to 50 nmol/L and <75 nmol/L); 4) VD sufficiency (VD > or equal to 75 nmol/L). Results: When VD levels were compared against COVID-19 seropositivity rate, a U-shaped curve was identified in the total population. This trend repeated when split into subgroups of age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, and co-morbidity status. Significant difference was identified in the COVID-19 seropositivity rate between VD groups between multiple VD groups in the total population, males, females, BAME, BMI<30 (kg/m2), 0 and +1 comorbidities; the majority of which were differences when the severely VD deficient category were compared to the other group. A significantly larger proportion of those within the Black, Asian, minority ethnic (BAME) group (vs. white ethnicity) were severely vitamin D deficient (P <0.00001). A significantly higher proportion of the 0-comorbidity subgroup were vitamin D deficient in comparison to the 1+ comorbidity subgroup (P = 0.046). Conclusions: Further investigation of the U-shaped curves is required to determine whether high VD levels can have a detrimental effect on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Future randomised clinical trials of VD supplementation could potentially identify optimal VD levels. This would allow for targeted therapeutic treatment for those at-risk such as in the BAME group.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-14
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.10.11.21264835
    Database COVID19

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