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Article ; Online: Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Red Ginseng Oil (RXGIN) in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Dongho Shin / Byung Il Yoon / Seokhwan Bang / Woong Jin Bae / U-Syn Ha / Soomin Kim / Junjie Piao / Jong Han Kim / Gi-Bang Koo / Kyung-Hwa Jeon / Tae Hyung Kim / Sae Woong Kim

The World Journal of Men's Health, Vol 42, Iss 1, Pp 229-

2024 Volume 236

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red ginseng oil (RXGIN) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Materials and Methods: Men aged between 40 and 75 years with a total International Prostate Symptom Score ( ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red ginseng oil (RXGIN) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Materials and Methods: Men aged between 40 and 75 years with a total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 to 19 points were recruited from April 2020 to December 2020. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the RXGIN group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio and received either RXGIN or placebo daily for 12 weeks. For the primary outcome, changes in IPSS scores at 6 and 12 weeks from baseline were analyzed. The secondary outcomes were changes in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), maximum urinary flow rate, and post-void residual volume at weeks 6 and 12 compared to baseline. Urine analysis and blood tests were additionally performed for safety assessment. Results: A total of 88 subjects (RXGIN group, 46; control group, 42) completed the study. The total IPSS and IPSS subscores (residual urine sensation, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining, nocturia, and quality of life) were significantly improved in the RXGIN group compared to the control group at weeks 6 and 12. Total IIEF and sexual desire were significantly improved in the RXGIN group at week 6 and week 12, respectively, but there were no significant changes in the level of serum testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. The serum prostate-specific antigen showed significant decrease at weeks 12. No serious adverse events leading to discontinuation of the study drug were observed in the RXGIN group. Conclusions: Red ginseng oil (RXGIN) appears to be safe and effective in improving lower urinary tract symptoms in men and may also improve some aspects of sexual function.
Keywords	erectile dysfunction ; lower urinary tract symptoms ; panax ; phytotherapy ; Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ; RC870-923
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Red Ginseng Oil (RXGIN) in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Shin, Dongho / Yoon, Byung Il / Bang, Seokhwan / Bae, Woong Jin / Ha, U-Syn / Kim, Soomin / Piao, Junjie / Kim, Jong Han / Koo, Gi-Bang / Jeon, Kyung-Hwa / Kim, Tae Hyung / Kim, Sae Woong

The world journal of men's health

2023 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 229–236

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red ginseng oil (RXGIN) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.: Materials and methods: Men aged between 40 and 75 years with a total International Prostate Symptom Score ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red ginseng oil (RXGIN) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Materials and methods: Men aged between 40 and 75 years with a total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 to 19 points were recruited from April 2020 to December 2020. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the RXGIN group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio and received either RXGIN or placebo daily for 12 weeks. For the primary outcome, changes in IPSS scores at 6 and 12 weeks from baseline were analyzed. The secondary outcomes were changes in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), maximum urinary flow rate, and post-void residual volume at weeks 6 and 12 compared to baseline. Urine analysis and blood tests were additionally performed for safety assessment. Results: A total of 88 subjects (RXGIN group, 46; control group, 42) completed the study. The total IPSS and IPSS subscores (residual urine sensation, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining, nocturia, and quality of life) were significantly improved in the RXGIN group compared to the control group at weeks 6 and 12. Total IIEF and sexual desire were significantly improved in the RXGIN group at week 6 and week 12, respectively, but there were no significant changes in the level of serum testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. The serum prostate-specific antigen showed significant decrease at weeks 12. No serious adverse events leading to discontinuation of the study drug were observed in the RXGIN group. Conclusions: Red ginseng oil (RXGIN) appears to be safe and effective in improving lower urinary tract symptoms in men and may also improve some aspects of sexual function.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-29
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2719786-4
ISSN	2287-4690 ; 2287-4208
ISSN (online)	2287-4690
ISSN	2287-4208
DOI	10.5534/wjmh.230172
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: LCK-Mediated RIPK3 Activation Controls Double-Positive Thymocyte Proliferation and Restrains Thymic Lymphoma by Regulating the PP2A-ERK Axis.

Hwang, Sung-Min / Ha, Yu-Jin / Koo, Gi-Bang / Noh, Hyun-Jin / Lee, A-Yeon / Kim, Byeong-Ju / Hong, Sun Mi / Morgan, Michael J / Eyun, Seong-Il / Lee, Dakeun / Roe, Jae-Seok / Lee, Youngsoo / Kim, You-Sun

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

2022 Volume 9, Issue 32, Page(s) e2204522

Abstract: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is the primary regulator of necroptotic cell death. RIPK3 expression is often silenced in various cancer cells, which suggests that it may have tumor suppressor properties. However, the exact mechanism by ... ...

Abstract	Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is the primary regulator of necroptotic cell death. RIPK3 expression is often silenced in various cancer cells, which suggests that it may have tumor suppressor properties. However, the exact mechanism by which RIPK3 negatively regulates cancer development and progression remains unclear. This report indicates that RIPK3 acts as a potent regulator of the homeostatic proliferation of CD4
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Cell Proliferation ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism ; Lymphoma/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Thymocytes/metabolism ; Thymus Neoplasms/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) (EC 2.7.10.2) ; Protein Phosphatase 2 (EC 3.1.3.16) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Ripk3 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2808093-2
ISSN	2198-3844 ; 2198-3844
ISSN (online)	2198-3844
ISSN	2198-3844
DOI	10.1002/advs.202204522
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effects of red ginseng oil(KGC11o) on testosterone-propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia

Lee, Jeong Yoon / Kim, Sohyuk / Kim, Seokho / Kim, Jong Han / Bae, Bong Seok / Koo, Gi-Bang / So, Seung-Ho / Lee, Jeongmin / Lee, Yoo-Hyun

Journal of Ginseng Research. 2021 Nov. 10,

2021

Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of the prostate, which occurs frequently in middle-aged men. In this study, we report the effect of red ginseng oil (KGC11o) on BPH.The BPH-induced Sprague-Dawley ... ...

Abstract	Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of the prostate, which occurs frequently in middle-aged men. In this study, we report the effect of red ginseng oil (KGC11o) on BPH.The BPH-induced Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control, BPH, KGC11o 25, 50, 100, 200, and finasteride groups. KGC11o and finasteride were administered for 8 weeks. The BPH biomarkers, DHT, 5AR1, and 5AR2, androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Bax, Bcl-2, and TGF-β were determined in the serum and prostate tissue. The cell viability after KGC11o treatment was determined using BPH-1 cells, and, androgen receptor, Bax, Bcl-2, and TGF-β were confirmed by western blotting.In the in vivo study, administration of KGC11o reduced prostate weight by 18%, suppressed DHT (up to 22%) and 5AR2 (up to 12%) levels from administration of 100 mg/kg KGC11o (P < 0.05). PSA was significantly downregulated dose-dependently from at the concentration of 50 mg/kg KGC11o (P < 0.05). BPH-1 cell viability significantly reduced through the treatment with KGC11o. In vitro and vivo, AR, Bcl-2 TGF-β levels reduced significantly but Bax was increased (P < 0.05).These results suggest that KGC11o may inhibit the development of BPH by significantly reducing the levels of BPH biomarkers via 5ARI, anti-androgenic effect, and anti-proliferation effect, serving as a potential functional food for treating BPH.
Keywords	Panax ; androgen receptors ; biomarkers ; blood serum ; cell viability ; functional foods ; hormone antagonists ; hyperplasia ; oils ; prostate-specific antigen ; research
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1110
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2765273-7
ISSN	2093-4947 ; 1226-8453
ISSN (online)	2093-4947
ISSN	1226-8453
DOI	10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effects of red ginseng oil(KGC11

Lee, Jeong Yoon / Kim, Sohyuk / Kim, Seokho / Kim, Jong Han / Bae, Bong Seok / Koo, Gi-Bang / So, Seung-Ho / Lee, Jeongmin / Lee, Yoo-Hyun

Journal of ginseng research

2021 Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 473–480

Abstract: Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of the prostate, which occurs frequently in middle-aged men. In this study, we report the effect of red ginseng oil (KGC11: Methods: The BPH-induced ... ...

Abstract	Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of the prostate, which occurs frequently in middle-aged men. In this study, we report the effect of red ginseng oil (KGC11 Methods: The BPH-induced Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control, BPH, KGC11 Results: In the in vivo study, administration of KGC11 Conclusion: These results suggest that KGC11
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-13
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2765273-7
ISSN	2093-4947 ; 1226-8453
ISSN (online)	2093-4947
ISSN	1226-8453
DOI	10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.005
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nuclear TRADD prevents DNA damage-mediated death by facilitating non-homologous end-joining repair

Gi-Bang Koo / Jae-Hoon Ji / Hyeseong Cho / Michael J. Morgan / You-Sun Kim

Scientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2017 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) is an essential mediator of TNF receptor signaling, and serves as an adaptor to recruit other effectors. TRADD has been shown to cycle between the cytoplasm and nucleus due to its nuclear localization ...

Abstract	Abstract TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) is an essential mediator of TNF receptor signaling, and serves as an adaptor to recruit other effectors. TRADD has been shown to cycle between the cytoplasm and nucleus due to its nuclear localization (NLS) and export sequences (NES). However, the underlying function of nuclear TRADD is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that cytoplasmic TRADD translocates to DNA double-strand break sites (DSBs) during the DNA damage response (DDR). Deficiency of TRADD or its sequestration in cytosol leads to accumulation of γH2AX-positive foci in response to DNA damage, which is reversed by nuclear TRADD expression. TRADD facilitates non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) by recruiting NHEJ repair factors 53BP1 and Ku70/80 complex, whereas TRADD is dispensable for homologous recombination (HR) repair. Finally, an impaired nuclear localization of TRADD triggers cell death through the persistent activation of JNK and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, our findings suggest that translocation of TRADD to DSBs into the nucleus contributes to cell survival in response to DNA damage through an activation of DNA damage repair.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during photodynamic therapy-induced photorejuvenation.

Kim, Sue Kyung / Koo, Gi-Bang / Kim, You-Sun / Kim, You Chan

Archives of dermatological research

2016 Volume 308, Issue 7, Page(s) 493–501

Abstract: Recently, several clinical studies reported that the photodynamic therapy (PDT) has photorejuvenation effects on the aged skin. Previously, our group introduced evidence of direct effect of PDT on cultured fibroblast (FB). PDT directly stimulated FBs and ...

Abstract	Recently, several clinical studies reported that the photodynamic therapy (PDT) has photorejuvenation effects on the aged skin. Previously, our group introduced evidence of direct effect of PDT on cultured fibroblast (FB). PDT directly stimulated FBs and induced collagen synthesis through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In this study, we investigated indirect effect of PDT on the human dermal FB during photorejuvenation focused on the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction between keratinocyte (KC) and FB. The "low-level PDT" condition was used for PDT therapy to the cultured KC. Various kinds of cytokines in the supernatants of KC were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. FBs were stimulated with the KC-conditioned medium (KCM) taken after PDT. The mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and collagen type Iα in the FB, was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clinical phtorejuvenation effect was also evaluated from nine patients who had PDT to treat actinic keratoses. Among the FB-stimulating cytokines, a significant elevation of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α level in KCM was noted after PDT compared with controls. After stimulating FB with KCM, the mRNA of MMP-1 was decreased and the mRNA of collagen type Iα was increased compare to control. Clinically, fine wrinkles significantly reduced after PDT. However, coarse wrinkles were not recovered significantly. In conclusion, increased collagen synthesis may be mediated not only by direct effect of PDT on FB but also by indirect effect of PDT on FB through cytokines from KC, such as IL-1α, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.
MeSH term(s)	Aminolevulinic Acid/therapeutic use ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I/genetics ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Cytokines/analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-1alpha/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/genetics ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin Aging/physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Collagen Type I ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cytokines ; IL1A protein, human ; IL6 protein, human ; Interleukin-1alpha ; Interleukin-6 ; Photosensitizing Agents ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; collagen type I, alpha 1 chain ; Aminolevulinic Acid (88755TAZ87) ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; MMP3 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.17) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (EC 3.4.24.17) ; MMP1 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.7) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (EC 3.4.24.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130131-7
ISSN	1432-069X ; 0340-3696
ISSN (online)	1432-069X
ISSN	0340-3696
DOI	10.1007/s00403-016-1666-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nuclear TRADD prevents DNA damage-mediated death by facilitating non-homologous end-joining repair.

Koo, Gi-Bang / Ji, Jae-Hoon / Cho, Hyeseong / Morgan, Michael J / Kim, You-Sun

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 3332

Abstract: TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) is an essential mediator of TNF receptor signaling, and serves as an adaptor to recruit other effectors. TRADD has been shown to cycle between the cytoplasm and nucleus due to its nuclear localization (NLS) ... ...

Abstract	TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) is an essential mediator of TNF receptor signaling, and serves as an adaptor to recruit other effectors. TRADD has been shown to cycle between the cytoplasm and nucleus due to its nuclear localization (NLS) and export sequences (NES). However, the underlying function of nuclear TRADD is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that cytoplasmic TRADD translocates to DNA double-strand break sites (DSBs) during the DNA damage response (DDR). Deficiency of TRADD or its sequestration in cytosol leads to accumulation of γH2AX-positive foci in response to DNA damage, which is reversed by nuclear TRADD expression. TRADD facilitates non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) by recruiting NHEJ repair factors 53BP1 and Ku70/80 complex, whereas TRADD is dispensable for homologous recombination (HR) repair. Finally, an impaired nuclear localization of TRADD triggers cell death through the persistent activation of JNK and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, our findings suggest that translocation of TRADD to DSBs into the nucleus contributes to cell survival in response to DNA damage through an activation of DNA damage repair.
MeSH term(s)	Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA End-Joining Repair ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ku Autoantigen/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4/metabolism ; Mice ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein/genetics ; TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species ; TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein ; Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 (EC 2.7.12.2) ; Ku Autoantigen (EC 4.2.99.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-03211-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition leads to loss of EpCAM and different physical properties in circulating tumor cells from metastatic breast cancer.

Hyun, Kyung-A / Koo, Gi-Bang / Han, Hyunju / Sohn, Joohyuk / Choi, Wonshik / Kim, Seung-Il / Jung, Hyo-Il / Kim, You-Sun

Oncotarget

2016 Volume 7, Issue 17, Page(s) 24677–24687

Abstract: The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) requires the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire more mesenchymal-like phenotypes. Current isolation of CTCs relies on affinity- ... ...

Abstract	The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) requires the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire more mesenchymal-like phenotypes. Current isolation of CTCs relies on affinity-based approaches reliant on the expression of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM). Here we show EMT-induced breast cancer cells maintained in prolonged mammosphere culture conditions possess increased EMT markers and cancer stem cell markers, as well as reduced cell mass and size by quantitative phase microscopy; however, EpCAM expression is dramatically decreased in these cells. Moreover, CTCs isolated from breast cancer patients using a label-free microfluidic flow fractionation device had differing expression patterns of EpCAM, indicating that affinity approaches reliant on EpCAM expression may underestimate CTC number and potentially miss critical subpopulations. Further characterization of CTCs, including low-EpCAM populations, using this technology may improve detection techniques and cancer diagnosis, ultimately improving cancer treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2560162-3
ISSN	1949-2553 ; 1949-2553
ISSN (online)	1949-2553
ISSN	1949-2553
DOI	10.18632/oncotarget.8250
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A formulated red ginseng extract inhibits autophagic flux and sensitizes to doxorubicin-induced cell death

Park, Han-Hee / Choi, Seung-Won / Lee, Gwang Jin / Kim, Young-Dae / Noh, Hyun-Jin / Oh, Seung-Jae / Yoo, Iseul / Ha, Yu-Jin / Koo, Gi-Bang / Hong, Soon-Sun / Kwon, Sung Won / Kim, You-Sun

Journal of Ginseng Research. 2019 Jan., v. 43, no. 1

2019

Abstract: Ginseng is believed to have antitumor activity. Autophagy is largely a prosurvival cellular process that is activated in response to cellular stressors, including cytotoxic chemotherapy; therefore, agents that inhibit autophagy can be used as ... ...

Abstract	Ginseng is believed to have antitumor activity. Autophagy is largely a prosurvival cellular process that is activated in response to cellular stressors, including cytotoxic chemotherapy; therefore, agents that inhibit autophagy can be used as chemosensitizers in cancer treatment. We examined the ability of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) to prevent autophagic flux and to make hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells become more sensitive to doxorubicin.The cytotoxic effects of total RGE or its saponin fraction (RGS) on HCC cells were examined by the lactate dehydrogenase assay in a dose- or time-dependent manner. The effect of RGE or RGS on autophagy was measured by analyzing microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain (LC)3-II expression and LC3 puncta formation in HCC cells. Late-stage autophagy suppression was tested using tandem-labeled green fluorescent protein (GFP)–monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP)–LC3.RGE markedly increased the amount of LC3-II, but green and red puncta in tandem-labeled GFP–mRFP–LC3 remained colocalized over time, indicating that RGE inhibited autophagy at a late stage. Suppression of autophagy through knockdown of key ATG genes increased doxorubicin-induced cell death, suggesting that autophagy induced by doxorubicin has a protective function in HCC. Finally, RGE and RGS markedly sensitized HCC cells, (but not normal liver cells), to doxorubicin-induced cell death.Our data suggest that inhibition of late-stage autophagic flux by RGE is important for its potentiation of doxorubicin-induced cancer cell death. Therapy combining RGE with doxorubicin could serve as an effective strategy in the treatment of HCC.
Keywords	Panax ; antineoplastic activity ; autophagy ; cancer therapy ; cytotoxicity ; doxorubicin ; drug therapy ; green fluorescent protein ; hepatoma ; lactate dehydrogenase ; liver ; neoplasm cells ; red fluorescent protein ; research ; saponins
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-01
Size	p. 86-94.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2765273-7
ISSN	2093-4947 ; 1226-8453
ISSN (online)	2093-4947
ISSN	1226-8453
DOI	10.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.006
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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