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Article ; Online: Persistence and free chlorine disinfection of human coronaviruses and their surrogates in water.

Zhang, Mengyang / Leong, Michelle Wei / Mitch, William A / Blish, Catherine A / Boehm, Alexandria

2024 Volume 90, Issue 4, Page(s) e0005524

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic illustrates the importance of understanding the behavior and control of human pathogenic viruses in the environment. Exposure via water (drinking, bathing, and recreation) is a known route of transmission of viruses ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic illustrates the importance of understanding the behavior and control of human pathogenic viruses in the environment. Exposure via water (drinking, bathing, and recreation) is a known route of transmission of viruses to humans, but the literature is relatively void of studies on the persistence of many viruses, especially coronaviruses, in water and their susceptibility to chlorine disinfection. To fill that knowledge gap, we evaluated the persistence and free chlorine disinfection of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and its surrogates, murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), in drinking water and laboratory buffer using cell culture methods. The decay rate constants of human coronavirus and its surrogates in water varied, depending on virus and water matrix. In drinking water without disinfectant addition, MHV showed the largest decay rate constant (estimate ± standard error, 2.25 ± 0.09 day Importance: This study addresses an important knowledge gap on enveloped virus persistence and disinfection in water. Results have immediate practical applications for shaping evidence-based water policies, particularly in the development of disinfection strategies for pathogenic virus control.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Swine ; Humans ; Disinfection/methods ; Chlorine/pharmacology ; Drinking Water ; Disinfectants/pharmacology ; Viruses ; Murine hepatitis virus
Chemical Substances	Chlorine (4R7X1O2820) ; Drinking Water ; Disinfectants
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
DOI	10.1128/aem.00055-24
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Article: Interrupted Lives: Welfare Considerations in Wildlife Rehabilitation.

Willette, Michelle / Rosenhagen, Nicki / Buhl, Gail / Innis, Charles / Boehm, Jeff

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2023 Volume 13, Issue 11

Abstract: Each year in the United States, thousands of sick, injured, or displaced wild animals are presented to individuals or organizations who have either a federal or state permit that allows them to care for these animals with the goal of releasing them back ... ...

Abstract	Each year in the United States, thousands of sick, injured, or displaced wild animals are presented to individuals or organizations who have either a federal or state permit that allows them to care for these animals with the goal of releasing them back to the wild. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the complexity of considerations rehabilitators and veterinarians face while trying to optimize the welfare of wild animals in need of care and rehabilitation. The process of rehabilitation is inherently stressful for wildlife. Maintaining an animal's welfare during the rehabilitation process-from initial contact and tria+ge to the animal's euthanasia, release, or captive placement-requires deliberate, timely and humane decision making. The welfare of wild animals can be improved by preventing human-related causes of admission, providing resources and support for wildlife rehabilitation (almost all rehabilitation in the United States is privately funded and access to veterinary care is often limited); further developing evidence-based wildlife rehabilitation methods and welfare measures, attracting more veterinary professionals to the field, harmonizing regulatory oversight with standards of care, training, and accountability, and increasing public education.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13111836
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Article ; Online: Interrupted Lives

Michelle Willette / Nicki Rosenhagen / Gail Buhl / Charles Innis / Jeff Boehm

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 1836, p

Welfare Considerations in Wildlife Rehabilitation

2023 Volume 1836

Abstract	Each year in the United States, thousands of sick, injured, or displaced wild animals are presented to individuals or organizations who have either a federal or state permit that allows them to care for these animals with the goal of releasing them back to the wild. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the complexity of considerations rehabilitators and veterinarians face while trying to optimize the welfare of wild animals in need of care and rehabilitation. The process of rehabilitation is inherently stressful for wildlife. Maintaining an animal’s welfare during the rehabilitation process—from initial contact and tria+ge to the animal’s euthanasia, release, or captive placement—requires deliberate, timely and humane decision making. The welfare of wild animals can be improved by preventing human-related causes of admission, providing resources and support for wildlife rehabilitation (almost all rehabilitation in the United States is privately funded and access to veterinary care is often limited); further developing evidence-based wildlife rehabilitation methods and welfare measures, attracting more veterinary professionals to the field, harmonizing regulatory oversight with standards of care, training, and accountability, and increasing public education.
Keywords	animal welfare ; wildlife rehabilitation ; clinical wildlife medicine ; urban wildlife ; birds ; sea turtles ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Persistence and Free Chlorine Disinfection of Human Coronaviruses and Their Surrogates in Water

Zhang, Mengyang / Leong, Michelle Wei / Mitch, William A. / Blish, Catherine A. / Boehm, Alexandria

bioRxiv

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the importance of understanding the behavior and control of human pathogenic viruses in the environment. Exposure via water (drinking, bathing, and recreation) is a known route of transmission of viruses to humans, but ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the importance of understanding the behavior and control of human pathogenic viruses in the environment. Exposure via water (drinking, bathing, and recreation) is a known route of transmission of viruses to humans, but the literature is relatively void of studies on the persistence of many viruses, especially coronaviruses, in water and their susceptibility to chlorine disinfection. To fill that knowledge gap, we evaluated the persistence and free chlorine disinfection of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and its surrogates, murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), in drinking water and laboratory buffer using cell culture methods. The decay rate constants of human coronavirus and its surrogates in water varied depending on virus and water matrix. In drinking water prior to disinfectant addition, MHV showed the largest decay rate constant (2.25 day-1) followed by HCoV-OC43 (0.99 day<sup>-1</sup>) and TGEV (0.65 day<sup>-1</sup>); while in phosphate buffer, HCoV-OC43 (0.51 day<sup>-1</sup>) had a larger decay rate constant than MHV (0.28 day<sup>-1</sup>) and TGEV (0.24 day<sup>-1</sup>). Upon free chlorine disinfection, the inactivation rates of coronaviruses were independent of free chlorine concentration and not affected by water matrix, though they still varied between viruses. TGEV showed the highest susceptibility to free chlorine disinfection with the inactivation rate constant of 113.50 mg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> L, followed by MHV (81.33 mg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> L) and HCoV-OC43 (59.42 mg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> L).
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-20
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.16.575911
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Parents' understanding of medication at discharge and potential harm in children with medical complexity.

Selzer, Axana / Eibensteiner, Fabian / Kaltenegger, Lukas / Hana, Michelle / Laml-Wallner, Gerda / Geist, Matthias Benjamin / Mandler, Christopher / Valent, Isabella / Arbeiter, Klaus / Mueller-Sacherer, Thomas / Herle, Marion / Aufricht, Christoph / Boehm, Michael

Archives of disease in childhood

2024 Volume 109, Issue 3, Page(s) 215–221

Abstract: Objective: Children with medical complexity (CMC) are among the most vulnerable patient groups. This study aimed to evaluate their prevalence and risk factors for medication misunderstanding and potential harm (PH) at discharge.: Design and setting: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Children with medical complexity (CMC) are among the most vulnerable patient groups. This study aimed to evaluate their prevalence and risk factors for medication misunderstanding and potential harm (PH) at discharge. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre. Study population: CMC admitted at Medical University of Vienna between May 2018 and January 2019. Intervention: CMC and caregivers underwent a structured interview at discharge; medication understanding and PH for adverse events were assessed by a hybrid approach. Main outcome measures: Medication misunderstanding rate; PH. Results: For 106 included children (median age 9.6 years), a median number of 5.0 (IQR 3.0-8.0) different medications were prescribed. 83 CMC (78.3%) demonstrated at least one misunderstanding, in 33 CMC (31.1%), potential harm was detected, 5 of them severe. Misunderstandings were associated with more medications (r=0.24, p=0.013), new prescriptions (r=0.23, p=0.019), quality of medication-related communication (r=-0.21, p=0.032), low level of education (p=0.013), low language skills (p=0.002) and migratory background (p=0.001). Relative risk of PH was 2.27 times increased (95% CI 1.23 to 4.22) with new medications, 2.14 times increased (95% CI 1.10 to 4.17) with migratory background. Conclusion: Despite continuous care at a tertiary care centre and high level of subjective satisfaction, high prevalence of medication misunderstanding with relevant risk for PH was discovered in CMC and their caregivers. This demonstrates the need of interventions to improve patient safety, with stratification of medication-related communication for high-risk groups and a restructured discharge process focusing on detection of misunderstandings ('unknown unknowns').
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Patient Discharge ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Parents ; Hospitalization ; Caregivers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	524-1
ISSN	1468-2044 ; 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
ISSN (online)	1468-2044
ISSN	0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
DOI	10.1136/archdischild-2022-325119
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Article: Ethics at the Centre of Global and Local Challenges: Thoughts on the Future of Business Ethics.

Böhm, Steffen / Carrington, Michal / Cornelius, Nelarine / de Bruin, Boudewijn / Greenwood, Michelle / Hassan, Louise / Jain, Tanusree / Karam, Charlotte / Kourula, Arno / Romani, Laurence / Riaz, Suhaib / Shaw, Deirdre

Journal of business ethics : JBE

2022 Volume 180, Issue 3, Page(s) 835–861

Abstract: To commemorate 40 years since the founding of the Journal of Business Ethics, the editors in chief of the journal have invited the editors to provide commentaries on the future of business ethics. This essay comprises a selection of commentaries aimed at ...

Abstract	To commemorate 40 years since the founding of the Journal of Business Ethics, the editors in chief of the journal have invited the editors to provide commentaries on the future of business ethics. This essay comprises a selection of commentaries aimed at creating dialogue around the theme
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1478688-6
ISSN	1573-0697 ; 0167-4544
ISSN (online)	1573-0697
ISSN	0167-4544
DOI	10.1007/s10551-022-05239-2
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Article: How Sexual Information Sources are Related to Emerging Adults' Sex-Positive Scripts and Sexual Communication.

White, Allie / Boehm, Michele / Glackin, Emma / Bleakley, Amy

Sexuality & culture

2023 , Page(s) 1–22

Abstract: Prior research suggests that parents, peers, and media are popular sources of sexual information and beliefs among emerging adults. Sex-positivity is an orientation toward sex that emphasizes open-minded beliefs and communication about varying sexual ... ...

Abstract	Prior research suggests that parents, peers, and media are popular sources of sexual information and beliefs among emerging adults. Sex-positivity is an orientation toward sex that emphasizes open-minded beliefs and communication about varying sexual behaviors, preferences, and orientations. The current study investigated whether these sexual information sources were associated with emerging adults' endorsement of sex-positive and sexual orientation-related sexual scripts, and if these sources and scripts were associated with sexual communication among a sample of college students ages 18-22 (n = 341). Results indicate that learning from television was positively related to sex-positive sexual script endorsement, and that sex-positive scripts were associated with more positive sexual communication. An interaction also emerged between gender and learning from television on sex-positive script endorsement, and between gender and learning from social media on sexual orientation-related script endorsement. The implications of these findings are contextualized within emerging adults' sexual agency and behavior. Future directions of research are also discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2070457-4
ISSN	1936-4822 ; 1095-5143
ISSN (online)	1936-4822
ISSN	1095-5143
DOI	10.1007/s12119-022-10061-z
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Article ; Online: Systematic immune cell dysregulation and molecular subtypes revealed by single-cell RNA-seq of subjects with type 1 diabetes.

Honardoost, Mohammad Amin / Adinatha, Andreas / Schmidt, Florian / Ranjan, Bobby / Ghaeidamini, Maryam / Arul Rayan, Nirmala / Gek Liang Lim, Michelle / Joanito, Ignasius / Xiao Xuan Lin, Quy / Rajagopalan, Deepa / Qi Mok, Shi / Hwang, You Yi / Larbi, Anis / Khor, Chiea Chuen / Foo, Roger / Boehm, Bernhard Otto / Prabhakar, Shyam

Genome medicine

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 45

Abstract: Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prototypic endocrine autoimmune disease resulting from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-secreting : Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we generated a single-cell ... ...

Abstract	Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prototypic endocrine autoimmune disease resulting from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-secreting Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 46 manifest T1DM (stage 3) cases and 31 matched controls. Results: We surprisingly detected profound alterations in circulatory immune cells (1784 dysregulated genes in 13 immune cell types), far exceeding the count in the comparator systemic autoimmune disease SLE. Genes upregulated in T1DM were involved in WNT signaling, interferon signaling and migration of T/NK cells, antigen presentation by B cells, and monocyte activation. A significant fraction of these differentially expressed genes were also altered in T1DM pancreatic islets. We used the single-cell data to construct a T1DM metagene z-score (TMZ score) that distinguished cases and controls and classified patients into molecular subtypes. This score correlated with known prognostic immune markers of T1DM, as well as with drug response in clinical trials. Conclusions: Our study reveals a surprisingly strong systemic dimension at the level of immune cell network in T1DM, defines disease-relevant molecular subtypes, and has the potential to guide non-invasive test development and patient stratification.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis ; Autoimmune Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2484394-5
ISSN	1756-994X ; 1756-994X
ISSN (online)	1756-994X
ISSN	1756-994X
DOI	10.1186/s13073-024-01300-z
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Article ; Online: 3D chromatin maps of the human pancreas reveal lineage-specific regulatory architecture of T2D risk.

Su, Chun / Gao, Long / May, Catherine L / Pippin, James A / Boehm, Keith / Lee, Michelle / Liu, Chengyang / Pahl, Matthew C / Golson, Maria L / Naji, Ali / Grant, Struan F A / Wells, Andrew D / Kaestner, Klaus H

Cell metabolism

2022 Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) 1394–1409.e4

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization maps help dissect cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs. Furthermore, 3D chromatin maps contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of complex genetic diseases by connecting distal regulatory regions and ...

Abstract	Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization maps help dissect cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs. Furthermore, 3D chromatin maps contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of complex genetic diseases by connecting distal regulatory regions and genetic risk variants to their respective target genes. To understand the cell-type-specific regulatory architecture of diabetes risk, we generated transcriptomic and 3D epigenomic profiles of human pancreatic acinar, alpha, and beta cells using single-cell RNA-seq, single-cell ATAC-seq, and high-resolution Hi-C of sorted cells. Comparisons of these profiles revealed differential A/B (open/closed) chromatin compartmentalization, chromatin looping, and transcriptional factor-mediated control of cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs. We identified a total of 4,750 putative causal-variant-to-target-gene pairs at 194 type 2 diabetes GWAS signals using pancreatic 3D chromatin maps. We found that the connections between candidate causal variants and their putative target effector genes are cell-type stratified and emphasize previously underappreciated roles for alpha and acinar cells in diabetes pathogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatin ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology
Chemical Substances	Chromatin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2176834-1
ISSN	1932-7420 ; 1550-4131
ISSN (online)	1932-7420
ISSN	1550-4131
DOI	10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.014
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Article ; Online: Improving the efficiency of integrated cancer screening delivery across multiple cancers: case studies from Idaho, Rhode Island, and Nebraska.

Tangka, Florence K L / Subramanian, Sujha / Hoover, Sonja / Cariou, Charlene / Creighton, Becky / Hobbs, Libby / Marzano, Amanda / Marcotte, Andrea / Norton, Deirdre Denning / Kelly-Flis, Patricia / Leypoldt, Melissa / Larkins, Teri / Poole, Michelle / Boehm, Jennifer

Implementation science communications

2022 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 133

Abstract: Background: Three current and former awardees of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Colorectal Cancer Control Program launched integrated cancer screening strategies to better coordinate multiple cancer screenings (e.g., breast, cervical, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Three current and former awardees of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Colorectal Cancer Control Program launched integrated cancer screening strategies to better coordinate multiple cancer screenings (e.g., breast, cervical, colorectal). By integrating the strategies, efficiencies of administration and provision of screenings can be increased and costs can be reduced. This paper shares findings from these strategies and describes their effects. Methods: The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare developed a Baseline Assessment Checklist for six health systems to assess the current state of policies regarding cancer screening. We analyzed the checklist and reported the percentage of checklist components completed. In Rhode Island, we collaborated with a nurse-patient navigator, who promoted cancer screening, to collect details on patient navigation activities and program costs. We then described the program and reported total costs and cost per activity. In Nebraska, we described the experience of the state in administering an integrated contracts payment model across colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening and reported cost per person screened. Across all awardees, we interviewed key stakeholders. Results: In Idaho, results from the checklist offered guidance on areas for enhancement before integrated cancer screening strategies, but identified challenges, including lack of capacity, limited staff availability, and staff turnover. In Rhode Island, 76.1% of 1023 patient navigation activities were for colorectal cancer screening only, with a much smaller proportion devoted to breast and cervical cancer screening. Although the patient navigator found the discussions around multiple cancer screening efficient, patients were not always willing to discuss all cancer screenings. Nebraska changed its payment system from fee-for-service to fixed cost subawards with its local health departments, which integrated cancer screening funding. Screening uptake improved for breast and cervical cancer but was mixed for colorectal cancer screening. Conclusions: The results from the case studies show that there are barriers and facilitators to integrating approaches to increasing cancer screening among primary care facilities. However, more research could further elucidate the viability and practicality of integrated cancer screening programs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-2211
ISSN (online)	2662-2211
DOI	10.1186/s43058-022-00381-4
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