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Article ; Online: Self-Sampling for Human Papillomavirus Testing among Non-Attenders Increases Attendance to the Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme.

Enerly, Espen / Bonde, Jesper / Schee, Kristina / Pedersen, Helle / Lönnberg, Stefan / Nygård, Mari

PloS one

2016 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) e0151978

Abstract: Increasing attendance to screening offers the best potential for improving the effectiveness of well-established cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling at home for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as an alternative to a clinical sampling can ...

Abstract	Increasing attendance to screening offers the best potential for improving the effectiveness of well-established cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling at home for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as an alternative to a clinical sampling can be a useful policy to increase attendance. To determine whether self-sampling improves screening attendance for women who do not regularly attend the Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme (NCCSP), 800 women aged 25-69 years in the Oslo area who were due to receive a 2nd reminder to attend regular screening were randomly selected and invited to be part of the intervention group. Women in this group received one of two self-sampling devices, Evalyn Brush or Delphi Screener. To attend screening, women in the intervention group had the option of using the self-sampling device (self-sampling subgroup) or visiting their physician for a cervical smear. Self-sampled specimens were split and analyzed for the presence of high-risk (hr) HPV by the CLART® HPV2 test and the digene® Hybrid Capture (HC)2 test. The control group consisted of 2593 women who received a 2nd reminder letter according to the current guidelines of the NCCSP. The attendance rates were 33.4% in the intervention group and 23.2% in the control group, with similar attendance rates for both self-sampling devices. Women in the self-sampling subgroup responded favorably to both self-sampling devices and cited not remembering receiving a call for screening as the most dominant reason for previous non-attendance. Thirty-two of 34 (94.1%) hrHPV-positive women in the self-sampling subgroup attended follow-up. In conclusion, self-sampling increased attendance rates and was feasible and well received. This study lends further support to the proposal that self-sampling may be a valuable alternative for increasing cervical cancer screening coverage in Norway.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening/instrumentation ; Mass Screening/methods ; Middle Aged ; National Health Programs ; Norway/epidemiology ; Papillomaviridae ; Self Care/instrumentation ; Self Care/methods ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0151978
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cervical cancer prevented by screening: Long-term incidence trends by morphology in Norway.

Lönnberg, Stefan / Hansen, Bo Terning / Haldorsen, Tor / Campbell, Suzanne / Schee, Kristina / Nygård, Mari

International journal of cancer

2015 Volume 137, Issue 7, Page(s) 1758–1764

Abstract: Both major morphologic types of cervical cancer, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC), are causally related to persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), but screening has primarily been effective at preventing SCC. ...

Abstract	Both major morphologic types of cervical cancer, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC), are causally related to persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), but screening has primarily been effective at preventing SCC. We analysed incidence trends of cervical cancer in Norway stratified by morphologies over 55 years, and projected SCC incidence in the absence of screening by assessing the changes in the incidence rate of AC. The Cancer Registry of Norway was used to identify all 19,530 malignancies in the cervix diagnosed in the period 1956-2010. The majority of these (82.9%) were classified as SCCs, 10.5% as ACs and the remaining 6.6% were of other or undefined morphology. By joint-point analyses of a period of more than five decades, the average annual percentage change in the age-standardised incidence was -1.0 (95%CI: -2.1-0.1) for cervical SCC, 1.5 (95%CI:1.1-1.9) for cervical AC and -0.9 (95%CI: -1.4 to -0.3) for cervical cancers of other or undefined morphology. The projected age-standardised incidence rate of cervical SCC in Norway, assuming no screening, was 28.6 per 100,000 woman-years in 2010, which compared with the observed SCC rate of 7.3 corresponds to an estimated 74% reduction in SCC or a 68% reduction due to screening in the total cervical cancer burden. Cytology screening has impacted cervical cancer burden more than suggested by the overall observed cervical cancer incidence reduction since its peak in the mid-1970s. The simultaneous substantial increase in cervical adenocarcinoma in Norway is presumably indicative of an increase in exposure to HPV over time.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Norway/epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218257-9
ISSN	1097-0215 ; 0020-7136
ISSN (online)	1097-0215
ISSN	0020-7136
DOI	10.1002/ijc.29541
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Article ; Online: MicroRNAs as biomarkers in colorectal cancer.

Schee, Kristina / Fodstad, Øystein / Flatmark, Kjersti

The American journal of pathology

2010 Volume 177, Issue 4, Page(s) 1592–1599

Abstract: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the Western world. While improved diagnostic surveillance and treatment strategies involving surgery, chemo-, and radiotherapy have all contributed to earlier detection and ...

Abstract	Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the Western world. While improved diagnostic surveillance and treatment strategies involving surgery, chemo-, and radiotherapy have all contributed to earlier detection and improved survival, treatment decisions are still made almost exclusively based on the cancer's clinicopathological stage at diagnosis. Therefore, the search for new biomarkers to facilitate early diagnosis and individualized treatment is particularly warranted. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through posttranscriptional interactions with mRNA, thereby potentially leading to a vast range of downstream effects that depend on the target proteins affected. The discovery that miRNAs may act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors has initiated extensive research in the cancer field, leading to the identification of numerous miRNAs implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. MiRNAs are chemically stable and can thus be detected in a broad range of clinical samples, making these molecules particularly attractive as potential biomarkers in cancer. While the knowledge of miRNA involvement in colorectal cancer biology is less extensive than for other cancer types and several targets with potential biological and clinical relevance have been identified, a significant amount of research is still needed. In this review, we explore the literature regarding the relevance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer, focusing in particular on miRNAs as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Prognosis
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2943-9
ISSN	1525-2191 ; 0002-9440
ISSN (online)	1525-2191
ISSN	0002-9440
DOI	10.2353/ajpath.2010.100024
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Article ; Online: Self-Sampling for Human Papillomavirus Testing among Non-Attenders Increases Attendance to the Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme.

Espen Enerly / Jesper Bonde / Kristina Schee / Helle Pedersen / Stefan Lönnberg / Mari Nygård

PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 4, p e

2016 Volume 0151978

Abstract	Increasing attendance to screening offers the best potential for improving the effectiveness of well-established cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling at home for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as an alternative to a clinical sampling can be a useful policy to increase attendance. To determine whether self-sampling improves screening attendance for women who do not regularly attend the Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme (NCCSP), 800 women aged 25-69 years in the Oslo area who were due to receive a 2nd reminder to attend regular screening were randomly selected and invited to be part of the intervention group. Women in this group received one of two self-sampling devices, Evalyn Brush or Delphi Screener. To attend screening, women in the intervention group had the option of using the self-sampling device (self-sampling subgroup) or visiting their physician for a cervical smear. Self-sampled specimens were split and analyzed for the presence of high-risk (hr) HPV by the CLART® HPV2 test and the digene® Hybrid Capture (HC)2 test. The control group consisted of 2593 women who received a 2nd reminder letter according to the current guidelines of the NCCSP. The attendance rates were 33.4% in the intervention group and 23.2% in the control group, with similar attendance rates for both self-sampling devices. Women in the self-sampling subgroup responded favorably to both self-sampling devices and cited not remembering receiving a call for screening as the most dominant reason for previous non-attendance. Thirty-two of 34 (94.1%) hrHPV-positive women in the self-sampling subgroup attended follow-up. In conclusion, self-sampling increased attendance rates and was feasible and well received. This study lends further support to the proposal that self-sampling may be a valuable alternative for increasing cervical cancer screening coverage in Norway.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Investigation of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen 2 as a prognostic biomarker in bone marrow plasma from colorectal cancer patients.

Schee, Kristina / Flatmark, Kjersti / Holm, Ruth / Boye, Kjetil / Paus, Elisabeth

Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine

2011 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–83

Abstract: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is still the only routinely used biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its utility is hampered by poor specificity and sensitivity, and the search for novel biomarkers is highly warranted. The nonspecific cross-reacting ...

Abstract	Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is still the only routinely used biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its utility is hampered by poor specificity and sensitivity, and the search for novel biomarkers is highly warranted. The nonspecific cross-reacting antigen 2 (NCA-2), a truncated CEA species molecule which is transcribed from the same gene, has been suggested as an alternative biomarker to CEA. In the present work, specific immunofluorometric assays were used for detection of NCA-2 and full-length CEA in bone marrow plasma from 277 CRC patients to assess their value as prognostic biomarkers, and detection was also performed in tumor tissue and a CRC cell line. Elevated plasma CEA was associated with advanced tumor stage at diagnosis and adverse patient outcome, while for NCA-2, although the same trends were observed, no additional prognostic information was gained. While specific detection of NCA-2 was clearly achieved in plasma samples, cross-reactivity with full-length CEA was observed when the antigen was exposed to common fixation chemicals. The results from this study indicate that NCA-2 is probably not a prognostic biomarker in CRC and, furthermore, underline the issue of antibody specificity when investigating CEA species molecules.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Cross Reactions ; Female ; Fluoroimmunoassay ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605825-5
ISSN	1423-0380 ; 0289-5447 ; 1010-4283
ISSN (online)	1423-0380
ISSN	0289-5447 ; 1010-4283
DOI	10.1007/s13277-011-0247-5
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Article ; Online: Clinical significance of long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21 in colorectal cancer.

Zhai, Haiyan / Fesler, Andrew / Schee, Kristina / Fodstad, Oystein / Flatmark, Kjersti / Ju, Jingfang

Clinical colorectal cancer

2013 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 261–266

Abstract: Background: Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been shown to be novel regulators for both transcription and posttranscriptional/translation. One of them, lincRNA-p21, was regulated by p53 and contributed to apoptosis in mouse embryonic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been shown to be novel regulators for both transcription and posttranscriptional/translation. One of them, lincRNA-p21, was regulated by p53 and contributed to apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. However, the impact of such regulation on colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be determined. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from CRC cell lines and snap fresh frozen CRC samples from 2 CRC patient cohorts. The expression of lincRNA-p21 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: We discovered that the expression level of lincRNA-p21 was increased by elevated wild-type p53 induced by nutlin-3 in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. The expression level of lincRNA-p21 was significantly (P = .0208) lower in CRC tumor tissue when compared with the paired normal tissue from the same patient. There was no significant correlation of lincRNA-p21 with p53 status (wild-type vs. mutant). Tumors in the rectum showed a higher level of lincRNA-p21 than tumors in the colon (P = .00005). In addition, lincRNA-p21 in patients with stage III tumors was significantly higher than in those with stage I tumors (P = .007). Elevated levels of lincRNA-p21 were significantly associated with higher pT (P = .037 between pT 2 and 3) and vascular invasion (P = .017). Conclusions: These results indicate that lincRNA-p21 may contribute to CRC disease progression.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chemical Substances	RNA, Long Noncoding
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2112638-0
ISSN	1938-0674 ; 1533-0028
ISSN (online)	1938-0674
ISSN	1533-0028
DOI	10.1016/j.clcc.2013.06.003
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Article ; Online: Clinical relevance of microRNA miR-21, miR-31, miR-92a, miR-101, miR-106a and miR-145 in colorectal cancer

Schee Kristina / Boye Kjetil / Abrahamsen Torveig / Fodstad Øystein / Flatmark Kjersti

BMC Cancer, Vol 12, Iss 1, p

2012 Volume 505

Abstract: Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA, and can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target. In this study, using qRT-PCR, we examined the expression of six miRNAs (miR-21, miR-31, miR- ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA, and can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target. In this study, using qRT-PCR, we examined the expression of six miRNAs (miR-21, miR-31, miR-92a, miR-101, miR-106a and miR-145) in tumors from 193 prospectively recruited patients with colorectal cancer, and associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome were analyzed. The miRNAs were chosen based on previous studies for their biomarker potential and suggested biological relevance in colorectal cancer. Methods The miRNA expression was examined by qRT-PCR. Associations between miRNA expression and clinicopathological variables were explored using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test while survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results MiR-101 was hardly expressed in the tumor samples, while for the other miRNAs, variable expression levels and expression ranges were observed, with miR-21 being most abundantly expressed relative to the reference (RNU44). In our study cohort, major clinical significance was demonstrated only for miR-31, as high expression was associated with advanced tumor stage and poor differentiation. No significant associations were found between expression of the investigated miRNAs and metastasis-free or overall survival. Conclusions Investigating the expression of six miRNAs previously identified as candidate biomarkers in colorectal cancer, few clinically relevant associations were detected in our patient cohort. Our results emphasize the importance of validating potential tumor markers in independent patient cohorts, and indicate that the role of miRNAs as colorectal cancer biomarkers is still undetermined.
Keywords	MiRNA ; Colorectal cancer ; Prognostic biomarker ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Oncology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical relevance of microRNA miR-21, miR-31, miR-92a, miR-101, miR-106a and miR-145 in colorectal cancer.

Schee, Kristina / Boye, Kjetil / Abrahamsen, Torveig Weum / Fodstad, Øystein / Flatmark, Kjersti

BMC cancer

2012 Volume 12, Page(s) 505

Abstract: Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA, and can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target. In this study, using qRT-PCR, we examined the expression of six miRNAs (miR-21, miR-31, miR-92a, miR- ... ...

Abstract	Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA, and can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target. In this study, using qRT-PCR, we examined the expression of six miRNAs (miR-21, miR-31, miR-92a, miR-101, miR-106a and miR-145) in tumors from 193 prospectively recruited patients with colorectal cancer, and associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome were analyzed. The miRNAs were chosen based on previous studies for their biomarker potential and suggested biological relevance in colorectal cancer. Methods: The miRNA expression was examined by qRT-PCR. Associations between miRNA expression and clinicopathological variables were explored using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test while survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: MiR-101 was hardly expressed in the tumor samples, while for the other miRNAs, variable expression levels and expression ranges were observed, with miR-21 being most abundantly expressed relative to the reference (RNU44). In our study cohort, major clinical significance was demonstrated only for miR-31, as high expression was associated with advanced tumor stage and poor differentiation. No significant associations were found between expression of the investigated miRNAs and metastasis-free or overall survival. Conclusions: Investigating the expression of six miRNAs previously identified as candidate biomarkers in colorectal cancer, few clinically relevant associations were detected in our patient cohort. Our results emphasize the importance of validating potential tumor markers in independent patient cohorts, and indicate that the role of miRNAs as colorectal cancer biomarkers is still undetermined.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs/biosynthesis ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Prospective Studies
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1471-2407
ISSN (online)	1471-2407
DOI	10.1186/1471-2407-12-505
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Article ; Online: Safety and acceptability of human papillomavirus testing of self-collected specimens: A methodologic study of the impact of collection devices and HPV assays on sensitivity for cervical cancer and high-grade lesions.

Leinonen, Maarit K / Schee, Kristina / Jonassen, Christine M / Lie, A Kathrine / Nystrand, Camilla F / Rangberg, Anbjørg / Furre, Ingegerd E / Johansson, Marzena J / Tropé, Ameli / Sjøborg, Katrine D / Castle, Philip E / Nygård, Mari

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

2017 Volume 99-100, Page(s) 22–30

Abstract: Background: Comparative data on different self-collection methods is limited.: Objectives: To assess the impact of hrHPV testing of two self-collection devices for detection of cervical carcinoma and high-grade lesions.: Study design: Three ... ...

Abstract	Background: Comparative data on different self-collection methods is limited. Objectives: To assess the impact of hrHPV testing of two self-collection devices for detection of cervical carcinoma and high-grade lesions. Study design: Three hundred ten patients collected two cervicovaginal specimens using a brush (Evalyn Results: Performance comparison included 45 cervical carcinomas and 187 patients with premalignant lesions. Compared to the physician-specimen, hrHPV testing of Evalyn Conclusions: Self-collection is comparable to current screening practice for detecting cervical carcinoma and CIN3+ but device and specimen processing effects exist. Only validated procedure including collection device, hrHPV assay and specimen preparation should be used.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Safety ; Self Administration ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Vaginal Smears/instrumentation ; Vaginal Smears/standards
Chemical Substances	Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1446080-4
ISSN	1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
ISSN (online)	1873-5967
ISSN	1386-6532
DOI	10.1016/j.jcv.2017.12.008
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Article ; Online: Biomarkers of histone deacetylase inhibitor activity in a phase 1 combined-modality study with radiotherapy.

Ree, Anne Hansen / Saelen, Marie Grøn / Kalanxhi, Erta / Østensen, Ingrid H G / Schee, Kristina / Røe, Kathrine / Abrahamsen, Torveig Weum / Dueland, Svein / Flatmark, Kjersti

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) e89750

Abstract: Background: Following the demonstration that histone deacetylase inhibitors enhanced experimental radiation-induced clonogenic suppression, the Pelvic Radiation and Vorinostat (PRAVO) phase 1 study, combining fractionated radiotherapy with daily ... ...

Abstract	Background: Following the demonstration that histone deacetylase inhibitors enhanced experimental radiation-induced clonogenic suppression, the Pelvic Radiation and Vorinostat (PRAVO) phase 1 study, combining fractionated radiotherapy with daily vorinostat for pelvic carcinoma, was designed to evaluate both clinical and novel biomarker endpoints, the latter relating to pharmacodynamic indicators of vorinostat action in clinical radiotherapy. Patients and methods: Potential biomarkers of vorinostat radiosensitizing action, not simultaneously manifesting molecular perturbations elicited by the radiation itself, were explored by gene expression array analysis of study patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), sampled at baseline (T0) and on-treatment two and 24 hours (T2 and T24) after the patients had received vorinostat. Results: This strategy revealed 1,600 array probes that were common for the comparisons T2 versus T0 and T24 versus T2 across all of the patients, and furthermore, that no significantly differential expression was observed between the T0 and T24 groups. Functional annotation analysis of the array data showed that a significant number of identified genes were implicated in gene regulation, the cell cycle, and chromatin biology. Gene expression was validated both in patients' PBMC and in vorinostat-treated human carcinoma xenograft models, and transient repression of MYC was consistently observed. Conclusion: Within the design of the PRAVO study, all of the identified genes showed rapid and transient induction or repression and therefore, in principle, fulfilled the requirement of being pharmacodynamic biomarkers of vorinostat action in fractionated radiotherapy, possibly underscoring the role of MYC in this therapeutic setting.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids/metabolism ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microarray Analysis ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Pelvic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Time Factors ; Vorinostat
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Hydroxamic Acids ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; Vorinostat (58IFB293JI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0089750
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