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  1. Article ; Online: A statistical approach for identifying primary substrates of ZSWIM8-mediated microRNA degradation in small-RNA sequencing data.

    Wang, Peter Y / Bartel, David P

    BMC bioinformatics

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 195

    Abstract: Background: One strategy for identifying targets of a regulatory factor is to perturb the factor and use high-throughput RNA sequencing to examine the consequences. However, distinguishing direct targets from secondary effects and experimental noise can ...

    Abstract Background: One strategy for identifying targets of a regulatory factor is to perturb the factor and use high-throughput RNA sequencing to examine the consequences. However, distinguishing direct targets from secondary effects and experimental noise can be challenging when confounding signal is present in the background at varying levels.
    Results: Here, we present a statistical modeling strategy to identify microRNAs that are primary substrates of target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD) mediated by ZSWIM8. This method uses a bi-beta-uniform mixture (BBUM) model to separate primary from background signal components, leveraging the expectation that primary signal is restricted to upregulation and not downregulation upon loss of ZSWIM8. The BBUM model strategy retained the apparent sensitivity and specificity of the previous ad hoc approach but was more robust against outliers, achieved a more consistent stringency, and could be performed using a single cutoff of false discovery rate (FDR).
    Conclusions: We developed the BBUM model, a robust statistical modeling strategy to account for background secondary signal in differential expression data. It performed well for identifying primary substrates of TDMD and should be useful for other applications in which the primary regulatory targets are only upregulated or only downregulated. The BBUM model, FDR-correction algorithm, and significance-testing methods are available as an R package at https://github.com/wyppeter/bbum .
    MeSH term(s) MicroRNAs/genetics ; Algorithms ; Base Sequence ; Models, Statistical ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041484-5
    ISSN 1471-2105 ; 1471-2105
    ISSN (online) 1471-2105
    ISSN 1471-2105
    DOI 10.1186/s12859-023-05306-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Control of poly(A)-tail length and translation in vertebrate oocytes and early embryos.

    Xiang, Kehui / Ly, Jimmy / Bartel, David P

    Developmental cell

    2024  Volume 59, Issue 8, Page(s) 1058–1074.e11

    Abstract: During oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis, changes in mRNA poly(A)-tail lengths strongly influence translation, but how these tail-length changes are orchestrated has been unclear. Here, we performed tail-length and translational profiling of mRNA ...

    Abstract During oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis, changes in mRNA poly(A)-tail lengths strongly influence translation, but how these tail-length changes are orchestrated has been unclear. Here, we performed tail-length and translational profiling of mRNA reporter libraries (each with millions of 3' UTR sequence variants) in frog oocytes and embryos and in fish embryos. Contrasting to previously proposed cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs), we found that a shorter element, UUUUA, together with the polyadenylation signal (PAS), specify cytoplasmic polyadenylation, and we identified contextual features that modulate the activity of both elements. In maturing oocytes, this tail lengthening occurs against a backdrop of global deadenylation and the action of C-rich elements that specify tail-length-independent translational repression. In embryos, cytoplasmic polyadenylation becomes more permissive, and additional elements specify waves of stage-specific deadenylation. Together, these findings largely explain the complex tapestry of tail-length changes observed in early frog and fish development, with strong evidence of conservation in both mice and humans.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Oocytes/cytology ; Polyadenylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Poly A/metabolism ; Poly A/genetics ; 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; Humans ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Female ; Xenopus laevis/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis/embryology ; Xenopus laevis/genetics ; Cytoplasm/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Poly A (24937-83-5) ; 3' Untranslated Regions ; RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2054967-2
    ISSN 1878-1551 ; 1534-5807
    ISSN (online) 1878-1551
    ISSN 1534-5807
    DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.02.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Corrigendum: Ago2 protects

    Kingston, Elena R / Bartel, David P

    RNA (New York, N.Y.)

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 12, Page(s) 1617

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 1241540-6
    ISSN 1469-9001 ; 1355-8382
    ISSN (online) 1469-9001
    ISSN 1355-8382
    DOI 10.1261/rna.078961.121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Ago2 protects

    Kingston, Elena R / Bartel, David P

    RNA (New York, N.Y.)

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 710–724

    Abstract: Target-directed microRNA (miRNA) degradation (TDMD), which is mediated by the protein ZSWIM8, plays a widespread role in shaping miRNA abundances across bilateria. Some endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) ... ...

    Abstract Target-directed microRNA (miRNA) degradation (TDMD), which is mediated by the protein ZSWIM8, plays a widespread role in shaping miRNA abundances across bilateria. Some endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Argonaute Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Methylation ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
    Chemical Substances AGO2 protein, Drosophila ; Argonaute Proteins ; Drosophila Proteins ; MicroRNAs ; RNA, Small Interfering
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1241540-6
    ISSN 1469-9001 ; 1355-8382
    ISSN (online) 1469-9001
    ISSN 1355-8382
    DOI 10.1261/rna.078746.121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Metazoan MicroRNAs.

    Bartel, David P

    Cell

    2018  Volume 173, Issue 1, Page(s) 20–51

    Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nt RNAs that direct posttranscriptional repression of mRNA targets in diverse eukaryotic lineages. In humans and other mammals, these small RNAs help sculpt the expression of most mRNAs. This article reviews advances in our ... ...

    Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nt RNAs that direct posttranscriptional repression of mRNA targets in diverse eukaryotic lineages. In humans and other mammals, these small RNAs help sculpt the expression of most mRNAs. This article reviews advances in our understanding of the defining features of metazoan miRNAs and their biogenesis, genomics, and evolution. It then reviews how metazoan miRNAs are regulated, how they recognize and cause repression of their targets, and the biological functions of this repression, with a compilation of knockout phenotypes that shows that important biological functions have been identified for most of the broadly conserved miRNAs of mammals.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Base Pairing ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Genomics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors ; MicroRNAs/chemistry ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Isoforms/genetics ; RNA Isoforms/metabolism
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs ; RNA Isoforms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The molecular basis of coupling between poly(A)-tail length and translational efficiency.

    Xiang, Kehui / Bartel, David P

    eLife

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: In animal oocytes and early embryos, mRNA poly(A)-tail length strongly influences translational efficiency (TE), but later in development this coupling between tail length and TE disappears. Here, we elucidate how this coupling is first established and ... ...

    Abstract In animal oocytes and early embryos, mRNA poly(A)-tail length strongly influences translational efficiency (TE), but later in development this coupling between tail length and TE disappears. Here, we elucidate how this coupling is first established and why it disappears. Overexpressing cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC) in
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Poly A/metabolism ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Poly(A)-Binding Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Xenopus Proteins ; Poly A (24937-83-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.66493
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Nuclear release of eIF1 globally increases stringency of start-codon selection to preserve mitotic arrest physiology.

    Ly, Jimmy / Xiang, Kehui / Su, Kuan-Chung / Sissoko, Gunter B / Bartel, David P / Cheeseman, Iain M

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Regulated start-codon selection has the potential to reshape the proteome through the differential production of uORFs, canonical proteins, and alternative translational isoforms. However, conditions under which start-codon selection is altered remain ... ...

    Abstract Regulated start-codon selection has the potential to reshape the proteome through the differential production of uORFs, canonical proteins, and alternative translational isoforms. However, conditions under which start-codon selection is altered remain poorly defined. Here, using transcriptome-wide translation initiation site profiling, we reveal a global increase in the stringency of start-codon selection during mammalian mitosis. Low-efficiency initiation sites are preferentially repressed in mitosis, resulting in pervasive changes in the translation of thousands of start sites and their corresponding protein products. This increased stringency of start-codon selection during mitosis results from increased interactions between the key regulator of start-codon selection, eIF1, and the 40S ribosome. We find that increased eIF1-40S ribosome interactions during mitosis are mediated by the release of a nuclear pool of eIF1 upon nuclear envelope breakdown. Selectively depleting the nuclear pool of eIF1 eliminates the changes to translational stringency during mitosis, resulting in altered mitotic proteome composition. In addition, preventing mitotic translational rewiring results in substantially increased cell death and decreased mitotic slippage following treatment with anti-mitotic chemotherapeutics. Thus, cells globally control translation initiation stringency with critical roles during the mammalian cell cycle to preserve mitotic cell physiology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.04.06.588385
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Endogenous transcripts direct microRNA degradation in Drosophila, and this targeted degradation is required for proper embryonic development.

    Kingston, Elena R / Blodgett, Lianne W / Bartel, David P

    Molecular cell

    2022  Volume 82, Issue 20, Page(s) 3872–3884.e9

    Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) typically direct degradation of their mRNA targets. However, some targets have unusual miRNA-binding sites that direct degradation of cognate miRNAs. Although this target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD) is thought to shape the levels ...

    Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) typically direct degradation of their mRNA targets. However, some targets have unusual miRNA-binding sites that direct degradation of cognate miRNAs. Although this target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD) is thought to shape the levels of numerous miRNAs, relatively few sites that endogenously direct degradation have been identified. Here, we identify six sites, five in mRNAs and one in a noncoding RNA named Marge, which serve this purpose in Drosophila cells or embryos. These six sites direct miRNA degradation without collateral target degradation, helping explain the effectiveness of this miRNA-degradation pathway. Mutations that disrupt this pathway are lethal, with many flies dying as embryos. Concomitant derepression of miR-3 and its paralog miR-309 appears responsible for some of this lethality, whereas the loss of Marge-directed degradation of miR-310 miRNAs causes defects in embryonic cuticle development. Thus, TDMD is implicated in the viability of an animal and is required for its proper development.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila/metabolism ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Embryonic Development/genetics
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs ; RNA, Messenger ; MIRN310 microRNA, Drosophila
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1415236-8
    ISSN 1097-4164 ; 1097-2765
    ISSN (online) 1097-4164
    ISSN 1097-2765
    DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The interplay between translational efficiency, poly(A) tails, microRNAs, and neuronal activation.

    Eisen, Timothy J / Li, Jingyi Jessica / Bartel, David P

    RNA (New York, N.Y.)

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 808–831

    Abstract: Neurons provide a rich setting for studying post-transcriptional control. Here, we investigate the landscape of translational control in neurons and search for mRNA features that explain differences in translational efficiency (TE), considering the ... ...

    Abstract Neurons provide a rich setting for studying post-transcriptional control. Here, we investigate the landscape of translational control in neurons and search for mRNA features that explain differences in translational efficiency (TE), considering the interplay between TE, mRNA poly(A)-tail lengths, microRNAs, and neuronal activation. In neurons and brain tissues, TE correlates with tail length, and a few dozen mRNAs appear to undergo cytoplasmic polyadenylation upon light or chemical stimulation. However, the correlation between TE and tail length is modest, explaining <5% of TE variance, and even this modest relationship diminishes when accounting for other mRNA features. Thus, tail length appears to affect TE only minimally. Accordingly, miRNAs, which accelerate deadenylation of their mRNA targets, primarily influence target mRNA levels, with no detectable effect on either steady-state tail lengths or TE. Larger correlates with TE include codon composition and predicted mRNA folding energy. When combined in a model, the identified correlates explain 38%-45% of TE variance. These results provide a framework for considering the relative impact of factors that contribute to translational control in neurons. They indicate that when examined in bulk, translational control in neurons largely resembles that of other types of post-embryonic cells. Thus, detection of more specialized control might require analyses that can distinguish translation occurring in neuronal processes from that occurring in cell bodies.
    MeSH term(s) Gene Expression Regulation ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Poly A/genetics ; Poly A/metabolism ; Polyadenylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs ; RNA, Messenger ; Poly A (24937-83-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1241540-6
    ISSN 1469-9001 ; 1355-8382
    ISSN (online) 1469-9001
    ISSN 1355-8382
    DOI 10.1261/rna.079046.121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: MicroRNA Clustering Assists Processing of Suboptimal MicroRNA Hairpins through the Action of the ERH Protein.

    Fang, Wenwen / Bartel, David P

    Molecular cell

    2020  Volume 78, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–302.e6

    Abstract: Microprocessor initiates the processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the hairpin regions of primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs). Pri-miRNAs often contain multiple miRNA hairpins, and this clustered arrangement can assist in the processing of otherwise ... ...

    Abstract Microprocessor initiates the processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the hairpin regions of primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs). Pri-miRNAs often contain multiple miRNA hairpins, and this clustered arrangement can assist in the processing of otherwise defective hairpins. We find that miR-451, which derives from a hairpin with a suboptimal terminal loop and a suboptimal stem length, accumulates to 40-fold higher levels when clustered with a helper hairpin. This phenomenon tolerates changes in hairpin order, linker lengths, and the identities of the helper hairpin, the recipient hairpin, the linker-sequence, and the RNA polymerase that transcribes the hairpins. It can act reciprocally and need not occur co-transcriptionally. It requires Microprocessor recognition of the helper hairpin and linkage of the two hairpins, yet predominantly manifests after helper-hairpin processing. It also requires enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH), which copurifies with Microprocessor and can dimerize and interact with other proteins that can dimerize, suggesting a model in which one Microprocessor recruits another Microprocessor.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Polymerase III/genetics ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Chemical Substances Cell Cycle Proteins ; ERH protein, human ; MIRN451 microRNA, human ; MicroRNAs ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases (EC 2.7.7.6) ; RNA Polymerase III (EC 2.7.7.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1415236-8
    ISSN 1097-4164 ; 1097-2765
    ISSN (online) 1097-4164
    ISSN 1097-2765
    DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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