LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 222

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Q fever - immune responses and novel vaccine strategies.

    Redden, Patricia / Parker, Kaitland / Henderson, Sinead / Fourie, Phillip / Agnew, Linda / Stenos, John / Graves, Stephen / Govan, Brenda / Norton, Robert / Ketheesan, Natkunam

    Future microbiology

    2023  Volume 18, Page(s) 1185–1196

    Abstract: Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the ... ...

    Abstract Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Q Fever/prevention & control ; Q Fever/microbiology ; Bacterial Vaccines ; Coxiella burnetii ; Zoonoses/prevention & control ; Immunity
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2254620-0
    ISSN 1746-0921 ; 1746-0913
    ISSN (online) 1746-0921
    ISSN 1746-0913
    DOI 10.2217/fmb-2023-0117
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Linking small-scale fisheries co-management to U.N. Sustainable Development Goals

    Smallhorn-West, Patrick / Cohen, Philippa J. / Phillips, Michael / Jupiter, Stacy / Govan, Hugh / Pressey, Robert

    Conservation Biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Small-scale fisheries account for 90% of global fishers and 40% of the global catch. Effectively managing small-scale fisheries is, therefore, crucial to progressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Co-management and community- ... ...

    Abstract Small-scale fisheries account for 90% of global fishers and 40% of the global catch. Effectively managing small-scale fisheries is, therefore, crucial to progressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Co-management and community-based fisheries management are widely considered the most appropriate forms of governance for many small-scale fisheries. We outlined relationships between small-scale fisheries co-management and attainment of the SDGs, including evidence for impacts and gaps in dominant logic. We identified 11 targets across five SDGs to which small-scale fisheries co-management (including community-based fisheries management) can contribute; the theory of change by which these contributions could be achieved; and the strength of evidence for progress toward SDG targets related to various co-management strategies. Our theory of change links the 11 SDG targets by qualifying that progress toward some targets is contingent on others being achieved first. We then reviewed 58 case studies of co-management impacts from the Pacific Islands––a region rich in local marine governance––to evaluate evidence of where, to what degree, and with how much certainty different co-management strategies conferred positive impacts to each SDG target. These strategies included access restrictions, permanent area closures, periodic closures, and gear and species restrictions. Although many studies provide evidence linking multiple co-management strategies to improvements in resource status (SDG 14.4), there was limited evidence of follow-on effects, such as improvements in catch (SDG 2.3, 2.4), livelihoods (SDG 1.2), consumption (SDG 2.1), and nutrition (SDG 2.2). Our findings suggest that leaps of logic and assumptions are prevalent in co-management planning and evaluation. Hence, when evaluating co-management impacts against the SDGs, consideration of ultimate goals is required, otherwise, there is a risk of shortfalls between aspirations and impact.
    Keywords coral reef conservation ; fish ; pacific ; community-based marine management ; marine protected area ; periodically harvested closure ; locally managed marine areas
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-18T12:59:04Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: Associations of BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and skeletal muscle with type 2 diabetes in adults.

    Han, T S / Al-Gindan, Y Y / Govan, L / Hankey, C R / Lean, M E J

    Acta diabetologica

    2019  Volume 56, Issue 8, Page(s) 947–954

    Abstract: Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to be associated with high BMI and waist circumference (WC). These measures do not discriminate well between skeletal muscle (SM) and body fat (BF), which may have opposite influences.: Methods: We conducted a ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to be associated with high BMI and waist circumference (WC). These measures do not discriminate well between skeletal muscle (SM) and body fat (BF), which may have opposite influences.
    Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of population-based data from 58,128 aged 18-85 yrs from Scottish Health Surveys (2003, 2008-2011) and Health Surveys for England (2003-2006, 2008-2013), excluding pregnant women and insulin-treated diabetes. Logistic regression was used to assess associations of known T2D, and of screened HbA1c > 48 mmol/mol (> 6.5%), with sex-specific quintiles of BMI, WC, and BF% and SM% estimated by validated anthropometric equations, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, ethnicity, country, and survey year.
    Results: As expected, ORs for having known T2D rose with quintiles of BMI (1, 1.5, 2.3, 3.1, and 6.5) and WC (1, 1.8, 2.5, 3.5, and 8.7). Compared to the lowest BF% quintile, OR for having T2D in highest BF% quintile was 11.1 (95% CI = 8.4-14.6). Compared to the highest SM% quintile, OR for having T2D in lowest SM% quintile was 2.0 (1.7-2.4). Of 72 adults with T2D/HbA1c > 6.5% in the lowest quintile of BF%, 27 (37.5%) were in quintile 1 of SM%. Similar patterns of OR were observed for having HbA1c > 6.5% in those without known T2D.
    Conclusions: Estimated BF% associates strongly with T2D. Low SM% also has a significant association, suggesting a neglected aspect of aetiology within T2D. These two simple measures with biological relevance, available from data collected in most health surveys, may be more useful than the purely statistical terms BMI.
    MeSH term(s) Adiposity ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology ; Scotland ; Waist Circumference
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1097676-0
    ISSN 1432-5233 ; 0940-5429
    ISSN (online) 1432-5233
    ISSN 0940-5429
    DOI 10.1007/s00592-019-01328-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article: WORKFORCE: Newly graduated doctors' experiences of conducting medical ward rounds alone: A regional cross-sectional study.

    Pearce, Jessica / Govan, Sameet / Harlinska, Anna / Tremain, Rebecca / Gajebasia, Sareena / Redman, Melody

    Future healthcare journal

    2019  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 47–51

    Abstract: Newly graduated doctors may be expected to conduct ward rounds alone, yet studies exploring this are limited. A regional cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore foundation year 1 doctors' (FY1s) experiences of conducting ward rounds alone; all ... ...

    Abstract Newly graduated doctors may be expected to conduct ward rounds alone, yet studies exploring this are limited. A regional cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore foundation year 1 doctors' (FY1s) experiences of conducting ward rounds alone; all 289 FY1s on medical rotations in Yorkshire and the Humber Foundation School were invited to participate in an online survey in November 2016. Thirty-four percent (n=98) responded. The majority (62%, n=61) of respondents reported conducting the daily ward round alone (without a more senior doctor present) two or more times a week. However, 56% (n=55) reported that they had never received teaching on ward round conduct and only 7% (n=7) reported feeling prepared for conducting ward rounds alone at the start of their medical rotation. FY1-led ward rounds are a regular occurrence yet training is not commonplace; widespread, early training should be considered to prepare future doctors for their role.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3016427-8
    ISSN 2514-6653 ; 2514-6645
    ISSN (online) 2514-6653
    ISSN 2514-6645
    DOI 10.7861/futurehosp.6-1-47
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Associations of body fat and skeletal muscle with hypertension.

    Han, Thang S / Al-Gindan, Yasmin Y / Govan, Lindsay / Hankey, Catherine R / Lean, Michael E J

    Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)

    2018  Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 230–238

    Abstract: Hypertension is known to be associated with obesity, while its relationship to skeletal muscle, SM (SM; a marker of general health and body function), remains uncertain. We analyzed population-based data of 22 591 men (mean age: 51.6 ± 16.9 years) and 27  ...

    Abstract Hypertension is known to be associated with obesity, while its relationship to skeletal muscle, SM (SM; a marker of general health and body function), remains uncertain. We analyzed population-based data of 22 591 men (mean age: 51.6 ± 16.9 years) and 27 845 nonpregnant women (50.6 ± 16.9 years) from Scottish Health Surveys (2003, 2008-2011) and Health Surveys for England (2003-2006, 2008-2013) including 2595 non-insulin- and 536 insulin-treated diabetic patients. Compared with normotensive individuals (no hypertension history with normal systolic [SBP < 140 mm Hg] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP < 90 mm Hg]), percent body fat (BF%) was significantly higher and percent SM lower (P < 0.001) in undetected (no hypertension history with raised SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg), controlled (hypertension history with normal BP), uncontrolled (hypertension history with raised BP), and untreated hypertension. The prevalences of hypertension within BF% quintiles were 11.8%, 24.8%, 41.4%, 56.8%, and 71.6% and SM% quintiles were 67.5%, 53.3%, 39.5%, 27.4%, and 18.5%. Compared to referent groups (lowest BF% quintile or highest SM% quintile), odds ratio (age, sex, smoking, ethnicity, country, survey year, and diabetes adjusted) for having all types of hypertension in the highest BF% quintile was 5.5 (95% confidence interval = 5.0-5.9) and lowest SM% quintile was 2.3 (2.2-2.5). Compared with those without diabetes, individuals with diabetes had a 2.3-fold-2.6-fold greater risk of hypertension, independent of confounding factors and BF% or SM%. The associations of hypertension with BF% were higher than those with body mass index (BMI). In conclusion, both BF and SM should be considered when analyzing results from health surveys, rather than relying on BMI which does not discriminate between the two.
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology ; England/epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Scotland/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2077222-1
    ISSN 1751-7176 ; 1524-6175
    ISSN (online) 1751-7176
    ISSN 1524-6175
    DOI 10.1111/jch.13456
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article: Multidrug-resistant pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis--what does 'resistant' mean?

    Govan, J R W

    Journal of medical microbiology

    2006  Volume 55, Issue Pt 12, Page(s) 1615–1617

    MeSH term(s) Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-10-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Editorial ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218356-0
    ISSN 1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
    ISSN (online) 1473-5644
    ISSN 0022-2615
    DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.46884-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Investigative study into whether an insect repellent has virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2.

    Smither, Sophie J / Eastaugh, Lin S / Findlay, James S / Laws, Thomas R / Marriott, Stephen N / Notman, Stuart / O'Brien, Lyn M / Phelps, Amanda L / Richards, Mark / Ulaeto, David / Watts, Pat / Lever, Mark S / Govan, Norman

    The Journal of general virology

    2021  Volume 102, Issue 4

    Abstract: A small-scale study with Mosi-guard Natural spray, an insect repellent containing Citriodiol, was performed to determine if it has virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. A liquid test examined the activity of the insect repellent and the individual ... ...

    Abstract A small-scale study with Mosi-guard Natural spray, an insect repellent containing Citriodiol, was performed to determine if it has virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. A liquid test examined the activity of the insect repellent and the individual components for virucidal activity. A surface contact test looked at the activity of the insect repellent when impregnated on a latex surface as a synthetic skin for potential topical prophylactic application. Both Mosi-guard Natural spray and Citriodiol, as well as other components of the repellent, had virucidal activity in the liquid contact test. On a latex surface used to simulate treated skin, the titre of SARS-CoV-2 was less over time on the Mosi-guard Natural-treated surface but virus was still recovered.
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Insect Repellents/therapeutic use ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Insect Repellents ; Plant Extracts ; citriodiol
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219316-4
    ISSN 1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
    ISSN (online) 1465-2099
    ISSN 0022-1317
    DOI 10.1099/jgv.0.001585
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article: Infection control in cystic fibrosis: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Burkholderia cepacia complex.

    Govan, J R

    Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

    2000  Volume 93 Suppl 38, Page(s) 40–45

    MeSH term(s) Burkholderia Infections/prevention & control ; Burkholderia Infections/transmission ; Burkholderia cepacia ; Chronic Disease ; Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Cross Infection/transmission ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methicillin Resistance ; Pseudomonas Infections/prevention & control ; Pseudomonas Infections/transmission ; Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Staphylococcal Infections/transmission ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 6731-3
    ISSN 1758-1095 ; 0141-0768 ; 0035-9157
    ISSN (online) 1758-1095
    ISSN 0141-0768 ; 0035-9157
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article: Insights into cystic fibrosis microbiology from the European tobramycin trial in cystic fibrosis.

    Govan, J R W

    Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society

    2004  Volume 1, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 203–208

    Abstract: The infection of the airways of cystic fibrosis patients by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a complex, multistaged process that is associated with a deterioration of lung function. The complexity of the formation of biofilms and their interaction with the ... ...

    Abstract The infection of the airways of cystic fibrosis patients by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a complex, multistaged process that is associated with a deterioration of lung function. The complexity of the formation of biofilms and their interaction with the immune system means that treatment with antibiotics has been an uncertain science. Tobramycin nebuliser solution (TNS) is a novel formulation of the antibiotic tobramycin developed specifically for inhalation. A recent large trial comparing TNS with inhaled colistin provided an opportunity to define further the effect of antibiotic treatment on microbial infection. In the TNS group, the percentage of patients with a tobramycin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) > or = 4 mg l(-1) increased from 38 to 49%, and the percentage of patients with a colistin MIC > or = 4 mg l(-1) remained at 55%. In the colistin group, the percentage of patients with a colistin MIC > or = 4 mg l(-1) remained at 34%, whereas the percentage of patients with a tobramycin MIC > or = 4 mg l(-1) decreased from 27 to 16%. Furthermore, clinical and bacterial response to TNS and colistin was independent of the MIC at baseline. Neither antimicrobial therapy was associated with infection by Burkholderia cepacia or other inherently resistant pathogens. We conclude that conventional measures of antimicrobial resistance may underestimate the effectiveness of tobramycin and colistin when delivered at the high concentrations achieved with the TNS formulation.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Inhalation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Colistin/administration & dosage ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Europe ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/drug therapy ; Lung Diseases/etiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy ; Pseudomonas Infections/etiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Tobramycin/administration & dosage
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Tobramycin (VZ8RRZ51VK) ; Colistin (Z67X93HJG1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-09-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2084724-5
    ISSN 1569-1993
    ISSN 1569-1993
    DOI 10.1016/s1569-1993(02)00005-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

    Walitt, Brian / Singh, Komudi / LaMunion, Samuel R / Hallett, Mark / Jacobson, Steve / Chen, Kong / Enose-Akahata, Yoshimi / Apps, Richard / Barb, Jennifer J / Bedard, Patrick / Brychta, Robert J / Buckley, Ashura Williams / Burbelo, Peter D / Calco, Brice / Cathay, Brianna / Chen, Li / Chigurupati, Snigdha / Chen, Jinguo / Cheung, Foo /
    Chin, Lisa M K / Coleman, Benjamin W / Courville, Amber B / Deming, Madeleine S / Drinkard, Bart / Feng, Li Rebekah / Ferrucci, Luigi / Gabel, Scott A / Gavin, Angelique / Goldstein, David S / Hassanzadeh, Shahin / Horan, Sean C / Horovitz, Silvina G / Johnson, Kory R / Govan, Anita Jones / Knutson, Kristine M / Kreskow, Joy D / Levin, Mark / Lyons, Jonathan J / Madian, Nicholas / Malik, Nasir / Mammen, Andrew L / McCulloch, John A / McGurrin, Patrick M / Milner, Joshua D / Moaddel, Ruin / Mueller, Geoffrey A / Mukherjee, Amrita / Muñoz-Braceras, Sandra / Norato, Gina / Pak, Katherine / Pinal-Fernandez, Iago / Popa, Traian / Reoma, Lauren B / Sack, Michael N / Safavi, Farinaz / Saligan, Leorey N / Sellers, Brian A / Sinclair, Stephen / Smith, Bryan / Snow, Joseph / Solin, Stacey / Stussman, Barbara J / Trinchieri, Giorgio / Turner, Sara A / Vetter, C Stephenie / Vial, Felipe / Vizioli, Carlotta / Williams, Ashley / Yang, Shanna B / Nath, Avindra

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 907

    Abstract: Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined, the pathophysiology is unknown, and no disease-modifying treatments are available. We used rigorous ... ...

    Abstract Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined, the pathophysiology is unknown, and no disease-modifying treatments are available. We used rigorous criteria to recruit PI-ME/CFS participants with matched controls to conduct deep phenotyping. Among the many physical and cognitive complaints, one defining feature of PI-ME/CFS was an alteration of effort preference, rather than physical or central fatigue, due to dysfunction of integrative brain regions potentially associated with central catechol pathway dysregulation, with consequences on autonomic functioning and physical conditioning. Immune profiling suggested chronic antigenic stimulation with increase in naïve and decrease in switched memory B-cells. Alterations in gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and metabolic pathways were consistent with cellular phenotypic studies and demonstrated differences according to sex. Together these clinical abnormalities and biomarker differences provide unique insight into the underlying pathophysiology of PI-ME/CFS, which may guide future intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Communicable Diseases/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Phenotype
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-45107-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top