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Article ; Online: Informing ENT training bootcamps - operating out-of-hours: a multicentre prospective evaluation.

Dunne, Henry / Bowles, Philippe / McGilligan, J Anthony

2023 Volume 137, Issue 11, Page(s) 1244–1247

Abstract: Objective: ENT specialty trainees are invited to national bootcamps to prepare for critical events to which they may have never been exposed. Here, we evaluate the frequency of out-of-hours ENT operations and the level of supervision provided to inform ... ...

Abstract	Objective: ENT specialty trainees are invited to national bootcamps to prepare for critical events to which they may have never been exposed. Here, we evaluate the frequency of out-of-hours ENT operations and the level of supervision provided to inform aspiring trainees and the national bootcamps. Methods: Information on all ENT operations performed out-of-hours was prospectively recorded by trainees in Kent, Surrey and Sussex over seven months. Results: There was a 100 per cent response rate. The trainee was the most senior surgeon present for 48.4 per cent of out-of-hours operations. Four of the six most frequently performed out-of-hours operations are not included in the ENT indicator procedures, and two are not included in the national ENT bootcamps. Conclusion: Trainees should be aware of the most common procedures they may be expected to perform out-of-hours. Training in these should be provided prior to the commencement of specialty training. The audit design can be replicated across surgical specialties.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Otolaryngology/education ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; Clinical Competence ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; After-Hours Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218299-3
ISSN	1748-5460 ; 0022-2151
ISSN (online)	1748-5460
ISSN	0022-2151
DOI	10.1017/S0022215123000464
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Article ; Online: Field-based recombinase polymerase amplification and lab-based qPCR assays for detection of Helicoverpa armigera.

Rich, Mitchell / Noh, Enoch / Wang, Hehe / Greene, Jeremy / Gilligan, Todd / Reay-Jones, Francis P F / Turnbull, Matt / Zink, Frida

Journal of economic entomology

2023 Volume 116, Issue 3, Page(s) 973–982

Abstract: ... Because of challenges in differentiating between H. armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), a closely related species ... native to North and South America, genetic tests have previously been developed to detect H. armigera DNA ... assay using a lateral flow strip and a qPCR melt curve assay were developed for specific detection of H ...

Abstract	Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a major crop pest native to Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa which has recently invaded South America and has caused billions of dollars in agricultural losses. Because of challenges in differentiating between H. armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), a closely related species native to North and South America, genetic tests have previously been developed to detect H. armigera DNA in pooled samples of moth legs. In this study, a field-based recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay using a lateral flow strip and a qPCR melt curve assay were developed for specific detection of H. armigera DNA in pooled moth samples. In addition, a crude DNA extraction protocol for whole moths was developed to allow rapid preparation of DNA samples. The RPA field test was able to detect ≥ 10 pg of purified H. armigera DNA and the crude DNA of one H. armigera sample in a background of 999 H. zea equivalents. The qPCR assay was able to detect ≥ 100 fg of purified H. armigera DNA and the crude DNA of one H. armigera sample in a background of up to 99,999 H. zea equivalents. Both RPA and qPCR assays detected H. armigera in the crude DNA extracted in the field from a pool of one H. armigera moth and 999 H. zea moths. These newly developed molecular assays to detect H. armigera will contribute to large-scale surveillance programs of H. armigera.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Recombinases ; Moths/genetics ; Australia ; Europe
Chemical Substances	Recombinases
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	1938-291X ; 0022-0493
ISSN (online)	1938-291X
ISSN	0022-0493
DOI	10.1093/jee/toad048
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Article ; Online: Factors Predicting Clinically Relevant Pain Relief After Spinal Cord Stimulation for Patients With Chronic Low Back and/or Leg Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

Bastiaens, Ferdinand / van de Wijgert, Ilse H / Bronkhorst, Ewald M / van Roosendaal, Bert-Kristian W P / van Heteren, Esther P Z / Gilligan, Christopher / Staats, Peter / Wegener, Jessica T / van Hooff, Miranda L / Vissers, Kris C P

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society

2024 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 70–82

Abstract: Rationale: To optimize results with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic low back pain (CLBP) and/or leg pain, including persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS), careful patient selection based on proved predictive factors is essential. ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: To optimize results with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic low back pain (CLBP) and/or leg pain, including persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS), careful patient selection based on proved predictive factors is essential. Unfortunately, the necessary selection process required to optimize outcomes of SCS remains challenging. Objective: This review aimed to evaluate predictive factors of clinically relevant pain relief after SCS for patients with CLBP and/or radicular leg pain, including PSPS. Materials and methods: In August 2023, PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched to identify studies published between January 2010 and August 2023. Studies reporting the percentage of patients with ≥50% pain relief after SCS in patients with CLBP and leg pain, including PSPS at 12 or 24 months, were included. Meta-analysis was conducted to pool results for back, leg, and general pain relief. Predictive factors for pain relief after 12 months were examined using univariable and multivariable meta-regression. Results: A total of 27 studies (2220 patients) were included for further analysis. The mean percentages of patients with substantial pain relief were 68% for leg pain, 63% for back pain, and 73% for general pain at 12 months follow-up, and 63% for leg pain, 59% for back pain, and 71% for general pain at 24 months follow-up assessment. The implantation method and baseline Oswestry Disability Index made the multivariable meta-regression model for ≥50% back pain relief. Sex and pain duration made the final model for ≥50% leg pain relief. Variable stimulation and implantation method made the final model for general pain relief. Conclusions: This review supports SCS as an effective pain-relieving treatment for CLBP and/or leg pain, and models were developed to predict substantial back and leg pain relief. To provide high-grade evidence for predictive factors, SCS studies of high quality are needed in which standardized factors predictive of SCS success, based on in-patient improvements, are monitored and reported.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Spinal Cord Stimulation ; Leg ; Pain Management ; Patient Selection ; Back Pain
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1500372-3
ISSN	1525-1403 ; 1094-7159
ISSN (online)	1525-1403
ISSN	1094-7159
DOI	10.1016/j.neurom.2023.10.188
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Article ; Online: Reply to: Intergenerational nutrition benefits of India's national school feeding program: Reality or a bridge too far?

Chakrabarti, Suman / Scott, Samuel / Alderman, Harold / Menon, Purnima / Gilligan, Daniel

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6352

MeSH term(s)	Nutritional Status ; Schools ; India
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-33340-7
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Article ; Online: An integrated model for pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin contamination in maize.

Stutt, Richard O J H / Castle, Matthew D / Markwell, Peter / Baker, Robert / Gilligan, Christopher A

NPJ science of food

2023 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 60

Abstract: Aflatoxin contamination caused by colonization of maize by Aspergillus flavus continues to pose a major human and livestock health hazard in the food chain. Increasing attention has been focused on the development of models to predict risk and to ... ...

Abstract	Aflatoxin contamination caused by colonization of maize by Aspergillus flavus continues to pose a major human and livestock health hazard in the food chain. Increasing attention has been focused on the development of models to predict risk and to identify effective intervention strategies. Most risk prediction models have focused on elucidating weather and site variables on the pre-harvest dynamics of A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production. However fungal growth and toxin accumulation continue to occur after harvest, especially in countries where storage conditions are limited by logistical and cost constraints. In this paper, building on previous work, we introduce and test an integrated meteorology-driven epidemiological model that covers the entire supply chain from planting to delivery. We parameterise the model using approximate Bayesian computation with monthly time-series data over six years for contamination levels of aflatoxin in daily shipments received from up to three sourcing regions at a high-volume maize processing plant in South Central India. The time series for aflatoxin levels from the parameterised model successfully replicated the overall profile, scale and variance of the historical aflatoxin datasets used for fitting and validation. We use the model to illustrate the dynamics of A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production during the pre- and post-harvest phases in different sourcing regions, in short-term predictions to inform decision making about sourcing supplies and to compare intervention strategies to reduce the risks of aflatoxin contamination.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2396-8370
ISSN (online)	2396-8370
DOI	10.1038/s41538-023-00238-7
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Article ; Online: Displaced transverse laryngeal fracture from attempted hanging.

Wa Katolo, Henriette / Bass, John Augustus / McGilligan, James Anthony / Bowles, Philippe

BMJ case reports

2023 Volume 16, Issue 10

Abstract: Laryngeal fractures are life-threatening injuries, frequently associated with long-term morbidity. We present a case of a man sustaining a displaced laryngeal fracture and rupture of supraglottic structures following attempted suicide by hanging from a ... ...

Abstract	Laryngeal fractures are life-threatening injuries, frequently associated with long-term morbidity. We present a case of a man sustaining a displaced laryngeal fracture and rupture of supraglottic structures following attempted suicide by hanging from a bridge. His injuries included a tear of the thyrohyoid membrane, avulsed epiglottis and complete autopharyngotomy. All laryngeal functions were significantly impaired. Early tracheostomy, careful surgical repair, extensive multidisciplinary team (MDT) input and intensive rehabilitation all contributed towards a successful recovery. By 7 months following the initial injury, the patient had achieved excellent breathing and voicing, and a safe and competent swallow despite the extent of his initial injuries. This case demonstrates the importance of early airway management in laryngeal trauma and the role of surgical management in conjunction with swallow rehabilitation. Fundamentally, an MDT approach is essential for the holistic management of patients with laryngeal trauma.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Larynx/surgery ; Larynx/injuries ; Tracheostomy ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Airway Management ; Epiglottis ; Neck Injuries/complications ; Neck Injuries/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2023-255563
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Article ; Online: Maintenance of Surgical Optimization in Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients.

Dietz, Matthew J / Chaharbakhshi, Edwin O / Roberts, Austin J / Gilligan, Patrick H / Kasicky, Kathryn R / Pincavitch, Jami D

The Journal of arthroplasty

2024

Abstract: ... 187.7 days [longest being BMI (220.1 days), and the shortest being HbA1c (60.9 days) (P = .0003 ... 2.1 (0.97 to 4.6)] of worsening BMI by time of surgery (P < .0001). Between the preoperative and ...

Abstract	Background: There are increased efforts to maximize medical optimization to improve the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). However, there is a paucity of literature demonstrating that optimized parameters are maintained throughout the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective review of 877 elective TJA patients from 2015 to 2019 was conducted. Patients who underwent medical optimization for body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hemoglobin, albumin, and smoking status were reviewed at the initial visit, preoperatively, time of surgery, and one year postoperatively. For each of these variables at each time point, patients were stratified into 3 optimization groups. Analyses were performed to identify mean time to optimization, loss of optimization, and maintenance of optimization. Results: Patients considered not optimized due to specific parameters at the initial visit were as follows: BMI (19%), HbA1c (13.5%), hemoglobin (16%), albumin (19%), and smoking status (9.5%). The mean time to optimization was 187.7 days [longest being BMI (220.1 days), and the shortest being HbA1c (60.9 days) (P = .0003)]. Patients who had intermediate optimization of BMI at the preoperative visit were at higher risk [odds ratio: 2.1 (0.97 to 4.6)] of worsening BMI by time of surgery (P < .0001). Between the preoperative and surgery time points, over 93.5% of patients maintained or improved optimization. Conclusions: Surgeon led medical optimization efforts alongside a TJA program provide maintenance of, or improvement in optimization in more than half of TJA patients up to one year postoperatively. Patients who had a BMI between 40 and 45 at the preoperative visit are at significant risk of increasing their BMI by the day of surgery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632770-9
ISSN	1532-8406 ; 0883-5403
ISSN (online)	1532-8406
ISSN	0883-5403
DOI	10.1016/j.arth.2024.01.013
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Article ; Online: Developing a predictive model for an emerging epidemic on cassava in sub-Saharan Africa.

Godding, David / Stutt, Richard O J H / Alicai, Titus / Abidrabo, Phillip / Okao-Okuja, Geoffrey / Gilligan, Christopher A

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 12603

Abstract: The agricultural productivity of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is severely constrained by pests and pathogens, impacting economic stability and food security. An epidemic of cassava brown streak disease, causing significant yield loss, ... ...

Abstract	The agricultural productivity of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is severely constrained by pests and pathogens, impacting economic stability and food security. An epidemic of cassava brown streak disease, causing significant yield loss, is spreading rapidly from Uganda into surrounding countries. Based on sparse surveillance data, the epidemic front is reported to be as far west as central DRC, the world's highest per capita consumer, and as far south as Zambia. Future spread threatens production in West Africa including Nigeria, the world's largest producer of cassava. Using innovative methods we develop, parameterise and validate a landscape-scale, stochastic epidemic model capturing the spread of the disease throughout Uganda. The model incorporates real-world management interventions and can be readily extended to make predictions for all 32 major cassava producing countries of SSA, with relevant data, and lays the foundations for a tool capable of informing policy decisions at a national and regional scale.
MeSH term(s)	Manihot ; Plant Diseases ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Africa, Western ; Uganda
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-38819-x
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Article: Psilocybin induces dose-dependent changes in functional network organization in rat cortex.

Silverstein, Brian H / Kolbman, Nicholas / Nelson, Amanda / Liu, Tiecheng / Guzzo, Peter / Gilligan, Jim / Lee, UnCheol / Mashour, George A / Vanini, Giancarlo / Pal, Dinesh

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Psilocybin produces an altered state of consciousness in humans and is associated with complex spatiotemporal changes in brain networks. Given the emphasis on rodent models for mechanistic studies, there is a need for characterization of the effect of ... ...

Abstract	Psilocybin produces an altered state of consciousness in humans and is associated with complex spatiotemporal changes in brain networks. Given the emphasis on rodent models for mechanistic studies, there is a need for characterization of the effect of psilocybin on brain-wide network dynamics. Previous rodent studies of psychedelics, using electroencephalogram, have primarily been done with sparse electrode arrays that offered limited spatial resolution precluding network level analysis, and have been restricted to lower gamma frequencies. Therefore, in the study, we used electroencephalographic recordings from 27 sites (electrodes) across rat cortex (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.02.09.579718
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Article ; Online: Intergenerational nutrition benefits of India's national school feeding program.

Chakrabarti, Suman / Scott, Samuel P / Alderman, Harold / Menon, Purnima / Gilligan, Daniel O

Nature communications

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 4248

Abstract: India has the world's highest number of undernourished children and the largest school feeding program, the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme. As school feeding programs target children outside the highest-return "first 1000-days" window, they have not been ... ...

Abstract	India has the world's highest number of undernourished children and the largest school feeding program, the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme. As school feeding programs target children outside the highest-return "first 1000-days" window, they have not been included in the global agenda to address stunting. School meals benefit education and nutrition in participants, but no studies have examined whether benefits carry over to their children. Using nationally representative data on mothers and their children spanning 1993 to 2016, we assess whether MDM supports intergenerational improvements in child linear growth. Here we report that height-for-age z-score (HAZ) among children born to mothers with full MDM exposure was greater (+0.40 SD) than that in children born to non-exposed mothers. Associations were stronger in low socioeconomic strata and likely work through women's education, fertility, and health service utilization. MDM was associated with 13-32% of the HAZ improvement in India from 2006 to 2016.
MeSH term(s)	Bias ; Child ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Cohort Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Government Programs ; Growth Disorders/epidemiology ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Interrupted Time Series Analysis ; Male ; Motivation ; Nutritional Status ; Prevalence ; Regression Analysis ; Religion ; Schools ; Social Class
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-021-24433-w
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