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  1. Article: The kynurenine pathway in traumatic brain injuries and concussion.

    Dehhaghi, Mona / Heng, Benjamin / Guillemin, Gilles J

    Frontiers in neurology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1210453

    Abstract: Up to 10 million people per annum experience traumatic brain injury (TBI), 80-90% of which are categorized as mild. A hit to the brain can cause TBI, which can lead to secondary brain injuries within minutes to weeks after the initial injury through ... ...

    Abstract Up to 10 million people per annum experience traumatic brain injury (TBI), 80-90% of which are categorized as mild. A hit to the brain can cause TBI, which can lead to secondary brain injuries within minutes to weeks after the initial injury through unknown mechanisms. However, it is assumed that neurochemical changes due to inflammation, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, etc., that are triggered by TBI are associated with the emergence of secondary brain injuries. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is an important pathway that gets significantly overactivated during inflammation. Some KP metabolites such as QUIN have neurotoxic effects suggesting a possible mechanism through which TBI can cause secondary brain injury. That said, this review scrutinizes the potential association between KP and TBI. A more detailed understanding of the changes in KP metabolites during TBI is essential to prevent the onset or at least attenuate the severity of secondary brain injuries. Moreover, this information is crucial for the development of biomarker/s to probe the severity of TBI and predict the risk of secondary brain injuries. Overall, this review tries to fill the knowledge gap about the role of the KP in TBI and highlights the areas that need to be studied.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2564214-5
    ISSN 1664-2295
    ISSN 1664-2295
    DOI 10.3389/fneur.2023.1210453
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Glial Cells: Managers of Neuro-immunity

    Curtin, James F. / Guillemin, Gilles J. / Barcia, Carlos / Zirger, Jeffrey M.

    2016  

    Abstract: Immune responses within the brain are still scarcely explored. Nerve tissue damage is accompanied by the activation of glial cells, primarily microglia and astroglia, and such activation is responsible for the release of cytokines and chemokines that ... ...

    Abstract Immune responses within the brain are still scarcely explored. Nerve tissue damage is accompanied by the activation of glial cells, primarily microglia and astroglia, and such activation is responsible for the release of cytokines and chemokines that maintain the local inflammatory response and actively recruit lymphocytes and monocytes to the damaged areas. Theoretically, these responses are designed to repair the brain damage. However, alterations, or a chronic perpetuation of these responses may underlie a number of neuro-pathologies. It is thought that each inflammatory scenario within the brain have a specific biochemical footprint characterized by the release of determined cytokines, chemokines and growing factors able to define particular immunological responses. Alongside, glial cells transform their cell body, become larger and develop higher number of branches adopting an active morphological phenotype.-

    These changes are related with the search of interactions with other cells, such as bystander resident cells of the brain parenchyma, but also cells homing from the blood stream. In this process, microglia and astrocytes communicates with other cells by the formation of specific intercellular connections that are still poorly understood. These interactions are complex and entail the arrangement of cytoskeletal compounds, secretory and phagocytic domains. In this particular crosstalk there is a two-way communication in which glial cells and target cells come together establishing interfaces with specific information exchange. This way, glial cells orchestrate the particular response recruiting cellular subsets within the central nervous system and organizing the resolution of the brain damage.-

    In this Frontiers Research Topic, we compile a selection of articles unfolding diverse aspects of glial-derived inflammation, focused on neurodegenerative diseases and other nervous system disorders, with special emphasis on microglia/macrophages as leading actors managing neuro-immunity
    Keywords Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; Science (General)
    Size 1 electronic resource (224 p.)
    Publisher Frontiers Media SA
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT020090558
    ISBN 9782889198351 ; 2889198359
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article ; Online: Retraction Note to: Changes in Cathepsin D and Beclin-1 mRNA and protein expression by the excitotoxin quinolinic acid in human astrocytes and neurons.

    Braidy, Nady / Brew, Bruce J / Inestrosa, Nibaldo C / Chung, Roger / Sachdev, Perminder / Guillemin, Gilles J

    Metabolic brain disease

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 2197

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Retraction of Publication
    ZDB-ID 632824-6
    ISSN 1573-7365 ; 0885-7490
    ISSN (online) 1573-7365
    ISSN 0885-7490
    DOI 10.1007/s11011-023-01241-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Species Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism and Disposition.

    Badawy, Abdulla A-B / Guillemin, Gilles J

    International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR

    2022  Volume 15, Page(s) 11786469221122511

    Abstract: Major species differences in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and disposition exist with important physiological, functional and toxicity implications. Unlike mammalian and other species in which plasma Trp exists largely bound to albumin, teleosts and other ... ...

    Abstract Major species differences in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and disposition exist with important physiological, functional and toxicity implications. Unlike mammalian and other species in which plasma Trp exists largely bound to albumin, teleosts and other aquatic species possess little or no albumin, such that Trp entry into their tissues is not hampered, neither is that of environmental chemicals and toxins, hence the need for strict measures to safeguard their aquatic environments. In species sensitive to toxicity of excess Trp, hepatic Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) lacks the free apoenzyme and its glucocorticoid induction mechanism. These species, which are largely herbivorous, however, dispose of Trp more rapidly and their TDO is activated by smaller doses of Trp than Trp-tolerant species. In general, sensitive species may possess a higher indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity which equips them to resist immune insults up to a point. Of the enzymes of the kynurenine pathway beyond TDO and IDO, 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic acid-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) determines the extent of progress of the pathway towards NAD
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2517435-6
    ISSN 1178-6469
    ISSN 1178-6469
    DOI 10.1177/11786469221122511
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Anti-inflammatory activities of

    Nicolas, Mael / Lasalo, Malia / Chow, Sharron / Antheaume, Cyril / Huet, Karl / Hnawia, Edouard / Guillemin, Gilles J / Nour, Mohammed / Matsui, Mariko

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1081310

    Abstract: Introduction: ...

    Abstract Introduction:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.1081310
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Erratum to: Fenugreek Seed Powder Attenuated Aluminum Chloride-Induced Tau Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

    Prema, Asokan / Justin Thenmozhi, Arokiasamy / Manivasagam, Thamilarasan / Mohamed Essa, Musthafa / Guillemin, Gilles J

    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

    2022  Volume 90, Issue 4, Page(s) 1851–1852

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 1440127-7
    ISSN 1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
    ISSN (online) 1875-8908
    ISSN 1387-2877
    DOI 10.3233/JAD-229017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6084: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article: Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

    Tan, Vanessa X / Guillemin, Gilles J

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2019  Volume 13, Page(s) 1013

    Abstract: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) currently lacks a robust and well-defined biomarker that can 1) assess the progression of the disease, 2) predict and/or delineate the various clinical subtypes, and 3) evaluate or predict a patient's response to ... ...

    Abstract Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) currently lacks a robust and well-defined biomarker that can 1) assess the progression of the disease, 2) predict and/or delineate the various clinical subtypes, and 3) evaluate or predict a patient's response to treatments. The kynurenine Pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation represent a promising candidate as it is involved with several neuropathological features present in ALS including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, immune system activation and dysregulation of energy metabolism. Some of the KP metabolites (KPMs) can cross the blood brain barrier, and many studies have shown their levels are dysregulated in major neurodegenerative diseases including ALS. The KPMs can be easily analyzed in body fluids and tissue and as they are small molecules, and are stable. KPMs have a Janus face action, they can be either or both neurotoxic and/or neuroprotective depending of their levels. This mini review examines and presents evidence supporting the use of KPMs as a relevant set of biomarkers for ALS, and highlights the criteria required to achieve a valid biomarker set for ALS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2019.01013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Regarding letter on "Kynurenine pathway dysregulation in postpartum depression", by Achtyes et al, 2020.

    Brundin, Lena / Achtyes, Eric / Guillemin, Gilles J

    Brain, behavior, and immunity

    2020  Volume 91, Page(s) 794–795

    MeSH term(s) Depression, Postpartum ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Kynurenine ; Postpartum Period ; Suicidal Ideation
    Chemical Substances Kynurenine (343-65-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 639219-2
    ISSN 1090-2139 ; 0889-1591
    ISSN (online) 1090-2139
    ISSN 0889-1591
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The Cyanotoxin and Non-protein Amino Acid β-Methylamino-L-Alanine (L-BMAA) in the Food Chain: Incorporation into Proteins and Its Impact on Human Health.

    Dunlop, Rachael A / Guillemin, Gilles J

    Neurotoxicity research

    2019  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 602–611

    Abstract: The size and frequency of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing concomitantly with rising global temperatures and increased eutrophication, and this has implications for human health. Cyanotoxins, including L-BMAA, have been implicated in triggering ... ...

    Abstract The size and frequency of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing concomitantly with rising global temperatures and increased eutrophication, and this has implications for human health. Cyanotoxins, including L-BMAA, have been implicated in triggering neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS/PDC and Alzheimer's disease. L-BMAA is a water-soluble non-protein amino acid that can bioaccumulate up the food chain, in a free- and protein-bound form. While some data exists on the degree of environmental enrichment of L-BMAA in water bodies, cyanobacteria-derived supplements, fruit bats, and seafood, virtually nothing is known about the presence of L-BMAA in other foodstuffs. It has now been shown several times in laboratory settings that plants can absorb L-BMAA into their leaves and stems, but data from wild-grown plants is nascent. One of the mechanisms implicated in L-BMAA bioaccumulation is misincorporation into proteins in the place of the canonical amino acid L-serine. We first identified this as a mechanism of action of L-BMAA in 2013, and since then, several groups have replicated these findings, but others have not. Here, we discuss in detail the experimental approaches, why they may have produced negative findings and propose several ways forward for developing consistency within the field. We emphasize the need to standardize cell culture methods, using L-serine-free medium to study misincorporation of BMAA, and urge accurate reporting of the components present in cell culture media.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acids, Diamino/toxicity ; Cyanobacteria ; Food Chain ; Food Contamination ; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology ; Foodborne Diseases/etiology ; Harmful Algal Bloom ; Humans ; Neurotoxins/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids, Diamino ; Neurotoxins ; beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (108SA6URTV)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2036826-4
    ISSN 1476-3524 ; 1029-8428
    ISSN (online) 1476-3524
    ISSN 1029-8428
    DOI 10.1007/s12640-019-00089-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Corrigendum to "Microglia are both a source and target of extracellular cyclophilin A" [Heliyon 5(9) August 2019 e02390].

    Flora, Gurkiran Kaur / Anderton, Ryan S / Meloni, Bruno P / Guillemin, Gilles J / Knuckey, Neville W / MacDougall, Gabriella / Matthews, Vance / Boulos, Sherif

    Heliyon

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) e12842

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02390.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02390.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12842
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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