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Article ; Online: Clinical Adjudication of Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: Findings from the REDUCCTION Trial.

Catiwa, Jayson / Gallagher, Martin / Talbot, Benjamin / Kerr, Peter G / Semple, David J / Roberts, Matthew A / Polkinghorne, Kevan R / Gray, Nicholas A / Talaulikar, Girish / Cass, Alan / Kotwal, Sradha

Kidney360

2024 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 550–559

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects ; Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology ; Bacteremia/diagnosis ; Bacteremia/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2641-7650
ISSN (online)	2641-7650
DOI	10.34067/KID.0000000000000389
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of manual and automated approaches for segmentation and extraction of quantitative indices from [

Krokos, Georgios / Kotwal, Tejas / Malaih, Afnan / Barrington, Sally / Jackson, Price / Hicks, Rodney J / Marsden, Paul K / Fischer, Barbara Malene

Biomedical physics & engineering express

2024 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: Utilisation of whole organ volumes to extract anatomical and functional information from computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) images may provide key information for the treatment and follow-up of cancer patients. However, ... ...

Abstract	Utilisation of whole organ volumes to extract anatomical and functional information from computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) images may provide key information for the treatment and follow-up of cancer patients. However, manual organ segmentation, is laborious and time-consuming. In this study, a CT-based deep learning method and a multi-atlas method were evaluated for segmenting the liver and spleen on CT images to extract quantitative tracer information from Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Liver/diagnostic imaging
Chemical Substances	Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2057-1976
ISSN (online)	2057-1976
DOI	10.1088/2057-1976/ad160e
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Article ; Online: Outcomes of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules managed with Genomic Sequencing Classifier.

Ahmadi, Sara / Kotwal, Anupam / Bikas, Athanasios / Xiang, Pingping / Goldner, Whitney / Patel, Anery / Hughes, Elena G / Longstaff, Xochitl / Yeh, Michael W / Livhits, Masha J

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2024

Abstract: Context: Molecular testing can refine the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology to decrease unnecessary diagnostic surgery.: Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of cytologically indeterminate ... ...

Abstract	Context: Molecular testing can refine the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology to decrease unnecessary diagnostic surgery. Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules managed with Afirma genomic sequencing classifier (GSC) testing. Design, setting, patients, and intervention: Adult patients who underwent a biopsy at three major academic centers between July 2017 and June 2021 with Bethesda III or IV cytology were included. All patients had surgery or minimum follow-up of 1 year ultrasound surveillance. Main outcome measures: The primary outcomes were the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of GSC in Bethesda III and IV nodules. Results: The median nodule size of the 834 indeterminate nodules was 2.1 cm and the median follow-up was 23 months. GSC's sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV across all institutions were 95%, 81%, 50%, and 99% for Bethesda III nodules and 94%, 82%, 65%, and 98% for Bethesda IV nodules, respectively. The overall false negative rate was 2%. The NPV of GSC in thyroid nodules with oncocytic predominance was 100% in Bethesda III nodules and 98% in Bethesda IV nodules. However, the PPV of oncocytic nodules was low (17% in Bethesda III nodules and 45% in Bethesda IV nodules). Only 22% of thyroid nodules with benign GSC results grew during surveillance. Conclusions: GSC is a key tool for managing patients with indeterminate cytology, including the higher-risk Bethesda IV category. GSC benign thyroid nodules can be observed similarly to thyroid nodules with benign cytology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgae112
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Uh III Zs.134: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Myelomatous ascites: Flow cytometric diagnosis and evolution of phenotype.

Dass, Jasmita / Dhingra, Gaurav / Gupta, Nitin / Kotwal, Jyoti

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

2020 Volume 63, Issue 1, Page(s) 154–156

MeSH term(s)	Ascites ; Fatal Outcome ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/complications ; Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy ; Phenotype ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-30
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports ; Letter
ZDB-ID	197621-7
ISSN	0974-5130 ; 0377-4929
ISSN (online)	0974-5130
ISSN	0377-4929
DOI	10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_450_18
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Zs.B 862: Show issues

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Article: "Learning from the experts" - a novel advanced cadaveric course for Gynaecological Oncology (GO) Cytoreductive Surgery.

Sideris, M / Elshaer, A M / Johnson, R L / Kotwal, S / Mehta, S / Quyn, A / Saunders, R / Tiernan, J / Upasani, V / Theophilou, G

Facts, views & vision in ObGyn

2022 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 265–273

Abstract: Background: Ovarian cancer cytoreductive surgery necessitates the use of advanced Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) to optimise skill-based teaching and achieve technical proficiency.: Objective: We describe and appraise the role of a novel ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ovarian cancer cytoreductive surgery necessitates the use of advanced Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) to optimise skill-based teaching and achieve technical proficiency. Objective: We describe and appraise the role of a novel postgraduate cadaveric course for cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian/fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. Materials and methods: Several consultant-level surgeons with expertise in upper gastrointestinal, colorectal, hepatobiliary and urological surgery, were invited to teach their counterpart gynaecological oncology (GO) surgeons. The 2-day course curriculum involved advanced dissections on thiel-embalmed cadavers. All dissections included applicable steps required during GO cytoreductive surgeries. Outcome measures: We used a feedback questionnaire and structured interviews to capture trainers and delegates views respectively. Results: All delegates reported a positive educational experience and improvement of knowledge in all course components. There was no difference in the perception of feedback across junior versus senior consultants. Trainers perceived this opportunity as a "2-way learning" whether they got to explore in depth the GO perspective in how and which of their skills are applicable during cytoreductive surgery. Conclusions: Collaborating with other surgical specialities promotes a "learning from the experts" concept and has potential to meet the rapidly increased demand for multi-viscera surgical excellence in GO surgery. What’s new?: The concept of involving experts from other surgical disciplines in advanced cadaveric courses for cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer, will solidify the effort to achieve excellence in the GO training. Such courses can be essential educational adjunct for most GO fellowships.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	Belgium
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701574-9
ISSN	2032-0418 ; 2684-4230
ISSN	2032-0418 ; 2684-4230
DOI	10.52054/FVVO.14.3.036
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Article: Massive splenomegaly: flow cytometry as a diagnostic tool for systemic mastocytosis.

Rastogi, Loveena / Dass, Jasmita / Dhingra, Gaurav / Gupta, Nitin / Kotwal, Jyoti

Blood research

2018 Volume 53, Issue 3, Page(s) 251–254

Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-28
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711910-5
ISSN	2288-0011 ; 2287-979X
ISSN (online)	2288-0011
ISSN	2287-979X
DOI	10.5045/br.2018.53.3.251
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Article ; Online: 16 Years of Role 1 Trauma Care: A Descriptive Analysis of Casualties within the Prehospital Trauma Registry.

Schauer, Steven G / Naylor, Jason F / April, Michael D / Fisher, Andrew D / Bynum, James / Kotwal, Russ S

Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)

2021 , Issue PB 8-21-07/08/09, Page(s) 44–49

Abstract: Background: Most battlefield deaths occur in the prehospital setting prior to reaching surgical and hospital care. Described are casualties captured by the Joint Trauma System (JTS) in the Prehospital Trauma Registry (PHTR) module of the Department of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Most battlefield deaths occur in the prehospital setting prior to reaching surgical and hospital care. Described are casualties captured by the Joint Trauma System (JTS) in the Prehospital Trauma Registry (PHTR) module of the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR), from inception through May 2019. Methods: The JTS was queried for all PHTR encounters and associated data from inception (January 2003) through May 2019. The PHTR captures data on Role 1 prehospital care which encompasses treatment prior to arrival at a Role 2 with or without forward surgical team or Role 3 combat support hospital. Two unique patient identifiers were used to link DODTR outcome data to each PHTR encounter. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: We obtained a total of 1,357 encounters from the PHTR. Of these encounters, we successfully linked 52.2% (709/1357) to the DODTR for outcome data. Encounters spanned from 2003 to 2019, with most (69.5%) occurring from 2012 to 2014. Many casualties were in the 18-25 (25.5%) or 26-33 (27.0%) age ranges, male (99.2%), injured by explosive (47.1%) or firearm (34.8%), enlisted (44.8%), and US military conventional (24.1%) and special operations (23.9%) forces. Of those linked to the DODTR, demographics were similar, most casualties sustained battle injuries (87.1%), the majority of which survived (99.1%). Conclusions: We described 1,357 encounters within the PHTR, most of which were US casualties and casualties injured by explosives. This renewed effort by the JTS to capture more casualties for inclusion into the registry has nearly doubled the proportion of available encounters for analysis. This analysis lays the foundation for in-depth analyses targeting areas for optimizing Role 1 prehospital combat casualty care.
MeSH term(s)	Emergency Medical Services ; Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Registries
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2694-3611
ISSN (online)	2694-3611
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Article ; Online: Patient-Centered Diabetes Care of Cancer Patients.

Kotwal, Anupam / Cheung, Yee-Ming M / Cromwell, Grace / Drincic, Andjela / Leblebjian, Houry / Quandt, Zoe / Rushakoff, Robert J / McDonnell, Marie E

Current diabetes reports

2021 Volume 21, Issue 12, Page(s) 62

Abstract: Purpose of review: There is a bidirectional relationship between cancer and diabetes, with one condition influencing the prognosis of the other. Multiple cancer therapies cause diabetes including well-established medications such as glucocorticoids and ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: There is a bidirectional relationship between cancer and diabetes, with one condition influencing the prognosis of the other. Multiple cancer therapies cause diabetes including well-established medications such as glucocorticoids and novel cancer therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. Recent findings: The nature and severity of diabetes caused by each therapy differ, with some predominantly mediated by insulin resistance, such as PI3K inhibitors and glucocorticoids, while others by insulin deficiency, such as CPIs. Studies have demonstrated diabetes from CPIs to be more rapidly progressing than conventional type 1 diabetes. There remains a scarcity of published guidance for the screening, diagnosis, and management of hyperglycemia and diabetes from these therapies. The need for such guidance is critical because diabetes management in the cancer patient is complex, individualized, and requires inter-disciplinary care. In the present narrative review, we synthesize and summarize the most relevant literature pertaining to diabetes and hyperglycemia in the setting of these cancer therapies and provide an updated patient-centered framework for their evaluation and management.
MeSH term(s)	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Neoplasms/complications ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Patient-Centered Care ; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2065167-3
ISSN	1539-0829 ; 1534-4827
ISSN (online)	1539-0829
ISSN	1534-4827
DOI	10.1007/s11892-021-01435-y
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Zs.A 5628: Show issues

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Article: Genetic diversity-independent neutralization of pandemic viruses (e.g. HIV), potentially pandemic (e.g. H5N1 strain of influenza) and carcinogenic (e.g. HBV and HCV) viruses and possible agents of bioterrorism (variola) by enveloped virus neutralizing compounds (EVNCs).

Kotwal, Girish J

Vaccine

2008 Volume 26, Issue 24, Page(s) 3055–3058

Abstract: Genetic diversity and hypermutation contribute to difficulties in developing a vaccine against viruses like HIV and influenza. There are currently no known immune correlates of protection against HIV. This has made the development of a vaccine against ... ...

Abstract	Genetic diversity and hypermutation contribute to difficulties in developing a vaccine against viruses like HIV and influenza. There are currently no known immune correlates of protection against HIV. This has made the development of a vaccine against HIV that would provide sterilizing immunity in the near future an impossible task. The abandonment of a recent AIDS vaccine human trial due to a failure to elicit a protective sterilising immune response confirms that empirical attempts to develop a vaccine may result in failures. Also the difficulty in predicting the next pandemic strain of influenza may make it difficult to respond rapidly should there be an outbreak. Therefore, it is time to explore broad spectrum agents that can target either the lipid portion of the envelope or the sugar moieties of the glycoproteins or the rafts (regions within viral and cell envelopes where a higher concentration of the glycoproteins exist). Broad spectrum agents that can serve as disrafters or neutralize the viral infectivity by binding to the envelope lipid or sugar moieties will not be affected by the vagaries of hypermutation of surface antigens. This is because the post-translation modification is a host function. Presented here is a review of recently reported agents present in pomegranate juice (polyphenols, beta-sitosterol, sugars and ellagic acid) and fulvic acid, described here as the envelope virus neutralising compounds (EVNCs) and complex molecules like lectins and mucins. Pomegranate juice was previously reported to inactivate HIV and further shown by our group to inactivate influenza, herpes viruses and poxviruses. A formulation consisting of fulvic acid, a complex mixture of compounds was previously reported to render vaccinia virus, HIV and SARS virus non-infectious. Recently, both fulvic acid and pomegranate juice have been shown to inactivate genetically diverse strains of influenza including H5N1, further confirming the broad spectrum nature of these agents. How EVNCs will be used in developing a vaccine achieving sterilizing immunity or prophylaxis needs to be researched.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Benzopyrans/pharmacology ; Beverages ; Bioterrorism ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Fruit/chemistry ; Humans ; Mice ; Punicaceae/chemistry ; Virus Diseases/prevention & control ; Virus Inactivation
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Benzopyrans ; fulvic acid (XII14C5FXV)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-06-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.008
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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Article: Evaluation of multiparametric flow cytometry in diagnosis & prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome in India.

Dhingra, Gaurav / Dass, Jasmita / Arya, Vandana / Gupta, Nitin / Saraf, Amrita / Langer, Sabina / Aggarwal, Shyam / Kotwal, Jyoti / Bhargava, Manorama

The Indian journal of medical research

2020 Volume 152, Issue 3, Page(s) 254–262

Abstract: Background & objectives: Diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is subjective in low-grade cases with <5 per cent blasts or <15 per cent ring sideroblasts. Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to diagnose MDS; but, it still has only an adjunctive ... ...

Abstract	Background & objectives: Diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is subjective in low-grade cases with <5 per cent blasts or <15 per cent ring sideroblasts. Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to diagnose MDS; but, it still has only an adjunctive role. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of FCM to diagnose MDS and correlate the number of aberrancies with revised international prognostic scoring system (R-IPSS). Methods: This study included 44 consecutive clinically suspected cases of MDS with refractory cytopenia(s) and 10 controls. Patients were divided into two groups: (i) proven MDS cases (n=26), and (ii) suspected MDS (n=18). Ogata quantitative approach, pattern analysis and aberrant antigen expression were studied. Results: Ogata score ≥2 correctly diagnosed 80.7 per cent (21/26) while aberrant antigen and pattern analysis with flow score of ≥3 could diagnose 92.3 per cent (24/26) patients with proven MDS. Combination of both with flow score ≥3 could diagnose 100 per cent patients. Eight patients in suspected MDS group with persistent cytopenia on follow up were labelled as probable MDS. Ogata score ≥2 was present in 5 of 8 and pattern analysis score ≥3 was present in six probable MDS patients. Combination of both with flow score ≥3 was present in seven of eight patients. Spearman's correlation between Ogata score and R-IPSS, pattern analysis and R-IPSS and combination of both scores and R-IPSS showed significant positive correlation in proven MDS as well as when proven and probable MDS patients were combined. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results showed that combined Ogata approach and pattern analysis, demonstration of ≥3 aberrancies in >1 cell compartment could diagnose most MDS patients. Patients with high flow scores had high R-IPSS scores. Patient with flow score ≥3 and borderline cytomorphology should be observed closely for the development of MDS.
MeSH term(s)	Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; India/epidemiology ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/epidemiology ; Prognosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-27
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
DOI	10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_924_18
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