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  1. Article ; Online: Reduced calibration between subjective and objective measures of episodic future thinking in alcohol use disorder.

    Noël, Xavier / Saeremans, Mélanie / Kornreich, Charles / Chatard, Armand / Jaafari, Nemet / D'Argembeau, Arnaud

    Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 300–311

    Abstract: Background: A reduced capacity to mentally simulate future scenarios could be of clinical importance in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying episodic future thinking (EFT) impairment in AUD.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: A reduced capacity to mentally simulate future scenarios could be of clinical importance in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying episodic future thinking (EFT) impairment in AUD.
    Methods: We tested patients with severe AUD using two measures of EFT: the individual's own subjective experience of their imaginings (phenomenology) and the objective number of details included in imagined events, as assessed by an independent observer (examination). The comparison between the two measures allowed us to investigate the extent to which the subjective and objective characteristics of EFT are calibrated in healthy and AUD participants matched for age, education, and gender. The possible impact of cognitive functioning and disturbed mood on EFT measures was also investigated.
    Results: In terms of objective details of EFT, patients with AUD (n = 40) generated fewer episodic components and more non-episodic components than control participants (n = 40), even when controlling for cognitive functioning. However, self-ratings of phenomenological characteristics indicated that participants with AUD perceived imagined future events at a similar level of detail as control participants. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between objective and subjective measures in healthy individuals but not in the AUD group. A higher depression score in the AUD group was not associated with the EFT measures.
    Conclusions: These results suggest a distorted self-assessment of the richness of imagined future events in individuals with AUD. We discuss these apparent limitations in metacognitive abilities and verbal descriptions of imagined events among individuals with AUD and their clinical implications.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Alcoholism/psychology ; Alcoholism/therapy ; Case-Control Studies ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Episodic ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thinking
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 428999-7
    ISSN 1530-0277 ; 0145-6008
    ISSN (online) 1530-0277
    ISSN 0145-6008
    DOI 10.1111/acer.14763
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Management of COVID-19 on board the mixed cargo ship Aranui 5.

    Chatard, Jean-Claude / Le Gac, Jean-Marc / Gonzalo, Sylvie / Vaysse, Philippe / Coulange, Mathieu

    International maritime health

    2021  Volume 72, Issue 3, Page(s) 155–162

    Abstract: ... Charles de Gaulle or the Diamond Princess. In French Polynesia, the mixed cargo ship Aranui 5 transports ...

    Abstract Background: During cruises, the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections poses serious organizational problems such as those encountered in 2020 by the Zaandam, the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle or the Diamond Princess. In French Polynesia, the mixed cargo ship Aranui 5 transports both tourists and freight to the Marquesas Islands. The purpose of this article is to show how COVID-19 infections were diagnosed and contained before and after passengers boarded a cruise.
    Materials and methods: On October 15, 2020, 161 passengers including 80 crew members embarked for a 13-day voyage from Papeete to the Marquesas Islands. Prior to boarding, all passengers underwent a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test; the tests results were all negative. On Day 0, 3, 5, 8 and 11, Biosynex® rapid antigen diagnostic tests were carried out on all or some of the crew members and tourists who may have had contact with new positive cases. Each day, forehead or temporal temperatures were measured using an infrared thermometer and questions were asked concerning the subjects' health status. When a subject was positive, the person and their contacts were isolated in individual cabins. The infected person then left the vessel to be received in a communal reception centre on the nearest island.
    Results: A total of 9 positive cases were observed, including two before departure (a tourist and a crew member). During the trip, 7 crew members tested positive. The patients and their contacts were isolated and then disembarked at the earliest opportunity. At the time of sampling, the subjects were asymptomatic. The patients and their contacts all became symptomatic within 24 to 48 hours after sampling.
    Conclusions: In total, the voyage could be completed without any transmission on board among the tourists and with a minimum transmission among the crew members, thus maintaining the tourist and economic activity of the islands during the times of COVID-19 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Body Temperature ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Testing ; Contact Tracing/methods ; Humans ; Naval Medicine/methods ; Occupational Exposure ; Polynesia ; Quarantine/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ships ; Travel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-04
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2032821-7
    ISSN 2081-3252 ; 1641-9251
    ISSN (online) 2081-3252
    ISSN 1641-9251
    DOI 10.5603/IMH.2021.0031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Minimally Invasive Microelectrode Biosensors Based on Platinized Carbon Fibers for

    Chatard, Charles / Sabac, Andrei / Moreno-Velasquez, Laura / Meiller, Anne / Marinesco, Stephane

    ACS central science

    2018  Volume 4, Issue 12, Page(s) 1751–1760

    Abstract: The ability to monitor the chemical composition of brain interstitial fluid remains an important challenge in the field of bioanalytical chemistry. In particular, microelectrode biosensors are a promising resource for the detection of neurochemicals in ... ...

    Abstract The ability to monitor the chemical composition of brain interstitial fluid remains an important challenge in the field of bioanalytical chemistry. In particular, microelectrode biosensors are a promising resource for the detection of neurochemicals in interstitial fluid in both animals and humans. These biosensors can provide second-by-second temporal resolution and enzymatic recognition of virtually any redox or nonredox molecule. However, despite miniaturization of these sensors to 50-250 μm in diameter to avoid vascular and cellular injury, inflammation and foreign-body reactions still occur following their implantation. Here, we fabricated microelectrodes with platinized carbon fibers to create biosensors that have an external diameter that is less than 15 μm. Platinization was achieved with physical vapor deposition, and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and improved enzymatic detection were observed for these carbon fiber microelectrodes. When these devices were implanted in the brains of rats, no injuries to the parenchyma or brain blood vessels were detected. In addition, these microelectrodes provided different estimates of basal glucose, lactate, and oxygen concentrations compared to conventional biosensors. Induction of spreading depolarization in the cerebral cortex further demonstrated the greater sensitivity of our microelectrodes to dynamic neurochemical changes. Thus, these minimally invasive devices represent a major advance in our ability to analyze brain interstitial fluid.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2374-7943
    ISSN 2374-7943
    DOI 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00797
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Habitual Routines and Automatic Tendencies Differential Roles in Alcohol Misuse Among Undergraduates.

    Wyckmans, Florent / Chatard, Armand / Saeremans, Mélanie / Kornreich, Charles / Jaafari, Nemat / Fantini-Hauwel, Carole / Noël, Xavier

    Frontiers in psychology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 607866

    Abstract: There is a debate over whether actions that resist devaluation (i.e., compulsive alcohol consumption) are primarily habit- or goal-directed. The incentive habit account of compulsive actions has received support from behavioral paradigms and brain ... ...

    Abstract There is a debate over whether actions that resist devaluation (i.e., compulsive alcohol consumption) are primarily habit- or goal-directed. The incentive habit account of compulsive actions has received support from behavioral paradigms and brain imaging. In addition, the self-reported Creature of Habit Scale (COHS) has been proposed to capture inter-individual differences in habitual tendencies. It is subdivided into two dimensions: routine and automaticity. We first considered a French version of this questionnaire for validation, based on a sample of 386 undergraduates. The relationship between two dimensions of habit and the risk of substance use disorder and impulsive personality traits was also investigated. COHS has good psychometric properties with both features of habits positively associated with an Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory score. Besides, the propensity to rely more on routines was associated with lower levels of alcohol abuse and nicotine use, suggesting that some degree of routine might act as a protective factor against substance use. In contrast, a high automaticity score was associated with an increased risk of harmful alcohol use. These results demonstrate that the COHS is a valid measure of habitual tendencies and represents a useful tool for capturing inter-individual variations in drug use problems in undergraduates.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607866
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Minimally Invasive Microelectrode Biosensors Based on Platinized Carbon Fibers for in Vivo Brain Monitoring

    Charles Chatard / Andrei Sabac / Laura Moreno-Velasquez / Anne Meiller / Stephane Marinesco

    ACS Central Science, Vol 4, Iss 12, Pp 1751-

    2018  Volume 1760

    Keywords Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Chemical Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Distinct Whole-Body Movements in Response to Alcohol and Sexual Content in Alcohol Use Disorder.

    Noël, Xavier / Dubuson, Macha / Rougier, Marine / Lelard, Thierry / Mouras, Harold / Kornreich, Charles / Wyckmans, Florent / Pereira, Maylis / Chatard, Armand / Jaafari, Némat / Campanella, Salvatore

    Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

    2021  Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 620–629

    Abstract: Background: Spontaneous motor responses of approach and avoidance toward stimuli are important in characterizing psychopathological conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, divergent results have been reported, possibly due to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Spontaneous motor responses of approach and avoidance toward stimuli are important in characterizing psychopathological conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, divergent results have been reported, possibly due to confounded parameters (e.g., using a symbolic vs. a sensorimotor task, implementation of approach-avoidance as a measure vs. a manipulation).
    Methods: We studied whole-body/posturometric changes by using a sensorimotor measure relying on embodied cognition principles to assess forward (approach) and backward (avoidance) spontaneous leaning movements. Over a 12-second period, 51 male patients with AUD and 29 male control participants were instructed to stand still in response to both alcohol and sexual visual content. Patients with AUD were then divided into "abstainers" and "relapsers," depending on their continuous abstinence at 2 weeks postdischarge (obtained via a telephone follow-up interview). The effects of the group, the stimulus type, the experimental period, and their interactions on the posturometric changes were tested using mixed Analyses of variance (ANOVAs), with a significance threshold set at 0.05.
    Results: Contrary to our expectations, patients and controls did not show significant difference in their forward/backward micromovements while passively viewing alcohol or sexual content (p > 0.1). However, in line with our hypothesis, patients who relapsed several weeks following discharge from the rehabilitation program were significantly more reactive and more likely to lean back during the first seconds of viewing alcohol cues (p = 0.002). Further, "relapsers" were more likely to lean forward during exposure to sexual content than participants who remained abstinent (p < 0.001).
    Conclusions: Among individuals with AUD, there are distinct pattern of spontaneous movements that differentiate "abstainers" and "relapsers," findings that can be understood in light of existing data and theories on action tendencies.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Alcohol Abstinence/psychology ; Alcohol Abstinence/trends ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Alcohol Drinking/trends ; Alcoholism/diagnosis ; Alcoholism/psychology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Postural Balance/physiology ; Recurrence ; Self Report ; Sexual Behavior/physiology ; Sexual Behavior/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 428999-7
    ISSN 1530-0277 ; 0145-6008
    ISSN (online) 1530-0277
    ISSN 0145-6008
    DOI 10.1111/acer.14557
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with alcohol cue inhibitory control training reduces the risk of early alcohol relapse: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

    Dubuson, Macha / Kornreich, Charles / Vanderhasselt, Marie-Anne / Baeken, Chris / Wyckmans, Florent / Dousset, Clémence / Hanak, Catherine / Veeser, Johannes / Campanella, Salvatore / Chatard, Armand / Jaafari, Nemat / Noël, Xavier

    Brain stimulation

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 1531–1543

    Abstract: Background: Approximately half of all people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) relapse into alcohol reuse in the next few weeks after a withdrawal treatment. Brain stimulation and cognitive training represent recent forms of complementary interventions in ...

    Abstract Background: Approximately half of all people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) relapse into alcohol reuse in the next few weeks after a withdrawal treatment. Brain stimulation and cognitive training represent recent forms of complementary interventions in the context of AUD.
    Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of five sessions of 2 mA bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for 20 min over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (left cathodal/right anodal) combined with alcohol cue inhibitory control training (ICT) as part of rehabilitation. The secondary outcomes were executive functioning (e.g. response inhibition) and craving intensity, two mechanisms strongly related to abstinence.
    Methods: A randomized clinical trial with patients (n = 125) with severe AUD at a withdrawal treatment unit. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of four conditions, in a 2 [verum vs. sham tDCS] x 2 [alcohol cue vs. neutral ICT] factorial design. The main outcome of treatment was the abstinence rate after two weeks or more (up to one year).
    Results: Verum tDCS improved the abstinence rate at the 2-week follow-up compared to the sham condition, independently of the training condition (79.7% [95% CI = 69.8-89.6] vs. 60.7% [95% CI = 48.3-73.1]; p = .02). A priori contrasts analyses revealed higher abstinence rates for the verum tDCS associated with alcohol cue ICT (86.1% [31/36; 95% CI = 74.6-97.6]) than for the other three conditions (64% [57/89; 95% CI = 54-74]). These positive clinical effects on abstinence did not persist beyond two weeks after the intervention. Neither the reduction of craving nor the improvement in executive control resulted specifically from prefrontal-tDCS and ICT.
    Conclusions: AUD patients who received tDCS applied to DLPFC showed a significantly higher abstinence rate during the weeks following rehabilitation. When combined with alcohol specific ICT, brain stimulation may provide better clinical outcomes.
    Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03447054 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03447054.
    MeSH term(s) Cues ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Recurrence ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2394410-9
    ISSN 1876-4754 ; 1935-861X
    ISSN (online) 1876-4754
    ISSN 1935-861X
    DOI 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.386
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Reduced model-based decision-making in gambling disorder.

    Wyckmans, Florent / Otto, A Ross / Sebold, Miriam / Daw, Nathaniel / Bechara, Antoine / Saeremans, Mélanie / Kornreich, Charles / Chatard, Armand / Jaafari, Nemat / Noël, Xavier

    Scientific reports

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 19625

    Abstract: Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral ... ...

    Abstract Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system. These behaviors are thought to arise from learning algorithms known as "model-based" and "model-free" reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder, a form of addiction without the confound of neurotoxic effects of drugs, showed impaired goal-directed control but the way in which problem gamblers (PG) orchestrate model-based and model-free strategies has not been evaluated. Forty-nine PG and 33 healthy participants (CP) completed a two-step sequential choice task for which model-based and model-free learning have distinct and identifiable trial-by-trial learning signatures. The influence of common psychopathological comorbidities on those two forms of learning were investigated. PG showed impaired model-based learning, particularly after unrewarded outcomes. In addition, PG exhibited faster reaction times than CP following unrewarded decisions. Troubled mood, higher impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency) and current and chronic stress reported via questionnaires did not account for those results. These findings demonstrate specific reinforcement learning and decision-making deficits in behavioral addiction that advances our understanding and may be important dimensions for designing effective interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Behavior, Addictive/physiopathology ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Decision Making ; Female ; Gambling/physiopathology ; Gambling/psychology ; Humans ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-56161-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Reduced model-based decision-making in gambling disorder

    Florent Wyckmans / A. Ross Otto / Miriam Sebold / Nathaniel Daw / Antoine Bechara / Mélanie Saeremans / Charles Kornreich / Armand Chatard / Nemat Jaafari / Xavier Noël

    Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system. These behaviors are thought to arise from learning algorithms known as “model-based” and “model-free” reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder, a form of addiction without the confound of neurotoxic effects of drugs, showed impaired goal-directed control but the way in which problem gamblers (PG) orchestrate model-based and model-free strategies has not been evaluated. Forty-nine PG and 33 healthy participants (CP) completed a two-step sequential choice task for which model-based and model-free learning have distinct and identifiable trial-by-trial learning signatures. The influence of common psychopathological comorbidities on those two forms of learning were investigated. PG showed impaired model-based learning, particularly after unrewarded outcomes. In addition, PG exhibited faster reaction times than CP following unrewarded decisions. Troubled mood, higher impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency) and current and chronic stress reported via questionnaires did not account for those results. These findings demonstrate specific reinforcement learning and decision-making deficits in behavioral addiction that advances our understanding and may be important dimensions for designing effective interventions.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Reduced model-based decision-making in gambling disorder

    Wyckmans, Florent / Otto, A. Ross / Sebold, Miriam / Daw, Nathaniel / Bechara, Antoine / Saeremans, Melanie / Kornreich, Charles / Chatard, Armand / Jaafari, Nemat / Noël, Xavier

    Scientific Reports

    2019  

    Abstract: Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral ... ...

    Title translation Reduzierte modellbasierte Entscheidungsfindung bei Glücksspielstörung
    Abstract Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system. These behaviors are thought to arise from learning algorithms known as "model-based" and "model-free" reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder, a form of addiction without the confound of neurotoxic effects of drugs, showed impaired goal-directed control but the way in which problem gamblers (PG) orchestrate model-based and model-free strategies has not been evaluated. Forty-nine PG and 33 healthy participants (CP) completed a two-step sequential choice task for which model-based and model-free learning have distinct and identifiable trial-by-trial learning signatures. The influence of common psychopathological comorbidities on those two forms of learning were investigated. PG showed impaired model-based learning, particularly after unrewarded outcomes. In addition, PG exhibited faster reaction times than CP following unrewarded decisions. Troubled mood, higher impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency) and current and chronic stress reported via questionnaires did not account for those results. These findings demonstrate specific reinforcement learning and decision-making deficits in behavioral addiction that advances our understanding and may be important dimensions for designing effective interventions.
    Keywords Belohnungen ; Decision Making ; Entscheidungsfindung ; Gambling Disorder ; Learning ; Lernen ; Nonsubstance Related Addictions ; Reinforcement ; Rewards ; Spielsucht ; Substanzungebundene Sucht ; Verstärkung
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-56161-z
    Database PSYNDEX

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