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Article ; Online: Prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ekra, Jean-Yves / N'Goran, Edouard K / Mboera, Léonard E G / Mafie, Eliakunda M

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research

2023 Volume 90, Issue 1, Page(s) e1–e8

Abstract: Bovine trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoans of the genus Trypanosoma. The disease cause economic losses in livestock production. In order to determine the status of research on this disease in Côte d'Ivoire, we used the systematic ... ...

Abstract	Bovine trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoans of the genus Trypanosoma. The disease cause economic losses in livestock production. In order to determine the status of research on this disease in Côte d'Ivoire, we used the systematic review method and meta-analysis. Three electronics databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed and CrossRef were used to search for publications on trypanosomiasis prevalence that met our inclusion criteria. Twenty five articles were identified, 11 of which met the inclusion criteria. Bovine trypanosomiasis prevalence of 2.99% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.96% - 3.01%) to 25.28% (95% CI: 25.17% - 25.38%) were recorded between 1960 and 2021. The analyses showed that the most infected regions were the Bagoue 11.26% (95% CI: 11.25% - 11.27%), Bounkani 14.94% (95% CI: 14.93% - 14.95%), Gbeke 10.34% (95% CI: 10.33% - 10.35%), Marahoue 13.79% (95% CI: 13.78% - 13.80%), Poro 8.50% (95% CI: 8.49% - 8.51%), and Tchologo 11.83% (95% CI: 11.82% - 11.84%).The most sensitive diagnostic method used was the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The species of trypanosomes diagnosed were Typanosoma vivax 4.99% (95% CI: 4.97% - 5.01%), T. congolense 1.51% (95% CI: 1.49% - 1.52%), and T. brucei 0.61% (95% CI: 0.59% - 0.62%). Despite some variation, the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire caused mainly by T. vivax has increased in the years between 1977 and 2017. Efforts to control tsetse and other mechanical vectors should also be put in place to minimize its transmission.Contribution: The authors studied the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis using the systematic review method and MA in order to determine the status of research on this disease in Côte d'Ivoire.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine/epidemiology ; Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Livestock ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	South Africa
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	417084-2
ISSN	2219-0635 ; 0030-2465
ISSN (online)	2219-0635
ISSN	0030-2465
DOI	10.4102/ojvr.v90i1.2069
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Book ; Thesis: Chemical ecology of the behaviour of the filariasis mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Mboera, Leonard Ernest Gustavin

1999

Author's details	Leonard Ernest Gustavin Mboera
Language	English ; Dutch
Size	189 S. : graph. Darst.
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Wageningen, Landbouwuniv., Diss., 1999
Note	Zsfassung in niederländ. Sprache
Remark	Abt. Nussallee/Bereichsbibl. ZBMed: AY 19650
HBZ-ID	HT010501741
ISBN	90-5808-036-6 ; 978-90-5808-036-3
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
998/1181	available for loan (reading room)	Freihandmagazin (U1)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire

Jean-Yves Ekra / Edouard K. N'Goran / Léonard E.G. Mboera / Eliakunda M. Mafie

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 90, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

Systematic review and meta-analysis

2023 Volume 8

Abstract	Bovine trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoans of the genus Trypanosoma. The disease cause economic losses in livestock production. In order to determine the status of research on this disease in Côte d’Ivoire, we used the systematic review method and meta-analysis. Three electronics databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed and CrossRef were used to search for publications on trypanosomiasis prevalence that met our inclusion criteria. Twenty five articles were identified, 11 of which met the inclusion criteria. Bovine trypanosomiasis prevalence of 2.99% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.96% – 3.01%) to 25.28% (95% CI: 25.17% – 25.38%) were recorded between 1960 and 2021. The analyses showed that the most infected regions were the Bagoue 11.26% (95% CI: 11.25% – 11.27%), Bounkani 14.94% (95% CI: 14.93% – 14.95%), Gbeke 10.34% (95% CI: 10.33% – 10.35%), Marahoue 13.79% (95% CI: 13.78% – 13.80%), Poro 8.50% (95% CI: 8.49% – 8.51%), and Tchologo 11.83% (95% CI: 11.82% – 11.84%).The most sensitive diagnostic method used was the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The species of trypanosomes diagnosed were Typanosoma vivax 4.99% (95% CI: 4.97% – 5.01%), T. congolense 1.51% (95% CI: 1.49% – 1.52%), and T. brucei 0.61% (95% CI: 0.59% – 0.62%). Despite some variation, the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire caused mainly by T. vivax has increased in the years between 1977 and 2017. Efforts to control tsetse and other mechanical vectors should also be put in place to minimize its transmission. Contribution: The authors studied the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis using the systematic review method and MA in order to determine the status of research on this disease in Côte d’Ivoire.
Keywords	bovine trypanosomiasis ; species ; distribution ; cote d’ivoire ; meta-analysis ; prevalence ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Synergism between nonane and emanations from soil as cues in oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus.

Mwingira, Victor S / Mboera, Leonard E G / Takken, Willem

Malaria journal

2021 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 52

Abstract: ... quinquefasciatus (median values ± s.e: 8.0 ± 1.1; P < 0.005) but no effect on An. gambiae (median value ± s.e: 0.0 ... the selection of oviposition sites by both An. gambiae s.l. (median values ± s.e.: 12.0 ± 2.0 and 4.5 ± 1.5 ... respectively; P < 0.0001) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (median values ± s.e.: 19.0 ± 1.3 and 17.0 ± 2.0 ...

Abstract	Background: Olfactory cues have been shown to have an important role in guiding gravid mosquito females to selected sites for egg laying. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of emanations from soil from a breeding site and the putative oviposition pheromone nonane on oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods: This field-based study was conducted in Mvomero District in East-central Tanzania. In a dual-choice experimental set up, clay bowls were dug into the ground and filled with one of the following treatments: (i) distilled water + autoclaved soil (control), (ii) distilled water + soil from a natural mosquito breeding site, (iii) distilled water + nonane and (iv) distilled water + nonane + soil from a natural breeding site. Soil was dried and autoclaved or dried only before use. After five days of incubation, larvae were collected daily for 10 days. The median number of larvae per bowl per day was used as outcome measure. Results: Autoclaved soil had a significant attractive effect on oviposition behaviour of Cx. quinquefasciatus (median values ± s.e: 8.0 ± 1.1; P < 0.005) but no effect on An. gambiae (median value ± s.e: 0.0 ± 0.2; P = 0.18). Nonane and emanations from untreated soil significantly and positively influenced the selection of oviposition sites by both An. gambiae s.l. (median values ± s.e.: 12.0 ± 2.0 and 4.5 ± 1.5, respectively; P < 0.0001) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (median values ± s.e.: 19.0 ± 1.3 and 17.0 ± 2.0, respectively; P < 0.0001). A mixture of nonane and untreated soil caused a synergistic effect on oviposition behaviour in An. gambiae s.l. (median value ± s.e.: 23.5 ± 2.5; P < 0.0001) compared to either nonane (median values ± s.e.: 12.0 ± 2.0; P < 0.0001) or untreated soil alone (median value ± s.e.: 4.5 ± 1.5; P < 0.0001). A synergistic effect of nonane mixed with untreated soil was also found in Cx. quinquefasciatus (median value ± s.e.: 41.0 ± 2.1; P < 0.0001) compared to either nonane (median value ± s.e. 19.0 ± 1.3; P < 0.0001) or untreated soil alone (median value ± s.e.: 17.0 ± 2.0; P < 0.0001). The oviposition activity index for An. gambiae was 0.56 (P < 0.001) and for Cx. quinquefasciatus 0.59 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The larval pheromone nonane and emanations from breeding-site soil both induced oviposition in wild An. gambiae s.l. and Cx. quinquefasciatus, with a synergistic effect when both stimuli were present simultaneously. This is the first study in which nonane is shown to cause oviposition under natural conditions, suggesting that this compound can potentially be exploited for the management of mosquito vectors.
MeSH term(s)	Alkanes/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anopheles/drug effects ; Anopheles/physiology ; Culex/drug effects ; Culex/physiology ; Female ; Larva/physiology ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Mosquito Vectors/drug effects ; Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; Olfactory Perception ; Oviposition/drug effects ; Pheromones/pharmacology ; Soil/chemistry ; Tanzania
Chemical Substances	Alkanes ; Pheromones ; Soil ; nonane (T9W3VH6G10)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1475-2875
ISSN (online)	1475-2875
DOI	10.1186/s12936-020-03575-0
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Article: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Cattle in Lambwe, Kenya.

Okello, Ivy / Mafie, Eliakunda / Eastwood, Gillian / Nzalawahe, Jahashi / Mboera, Leonard E G / Onyoyo, Samuel

Journal of parasitology research

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 5984376

Abstract: Background: African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) affects livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine cattle AAT's prevalence and associated risk factors in Lambwe Valley, Kenya.: Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, ... ...

Abstract	Background: African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) affects livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine cattle AAT's prevalence and associated risk factors in Lambwe Valley, Kenya. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, livestock owners were recruited from four villages of Lambwe in Homa Bay, Kenya. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of cattle, and buffy coat smears were examined under a microscope. Parasites were further detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using a semistructured questionnaire, livestock owners were interviewed on their knowledge of AAT and control practices. Chi-square and multilevel models were used for the analysis. Results: The overall prevalence was 15.63% (71/454). Conclusion: Cattle trypanosomiasis is prevalent in the Lambwe region of Kenya. This is influenced by inappropriate control practices, communal grazing, and the proximity of farms to the national park. In addition, clinical signs of the disease have a strong association with infections.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563542-6
ISSN	2090-0031 ; 2090-0023
ISSN (online)	2090-0031
ISSN	2090-0023
DOI	10.1155/2022/5984376
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Article ; Online: African Animal Trypanosomiasis: A Systematic Review on Prevalence, Risk Factors and Drug Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Okello, Ivy / Mafie, Eliakunda / Eastwood, Gillian / Nzalawahe, Jahashi / Mboera, Leonard E G

Journal of medical entomology

2022 Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 1099–1143

Abstract: ... reaction (PCR), CATT and ELISA had higher detection rates. G. pallidipes caused most infections in Eastern ... regions while G. palpalis followed by G. mortisans in Western Africa. Eastern Africa reported more non ...

Abstract	African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) a parasitic disease of livestock in sub-Saharan Africa causing tremendous loses. Sub-Saharan continental estimation of mean prevalence in both large and small domestic animals, risk factors, tsetse and non-tsetse prevalence and drug resistance is lacking. A review and meta-analysis was done to better comprehend changes in AAT prevalence and drug resistance. Publish/Perish software was used to search and extract peer-reviewed articles in Google scholar, PubMed and CrossRef. In addition, ResearchGate and African Journals Online (AJOL) were used. Screening and selection of articles from 2000-2021 was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles 304 were retrieved; on domestic animals 192, tsetse and non-tsetse vectors 44, risk factors 49 and trypanocidal drug resistance 30. Prevalence varied by, host animals in different countries, diagnostic methods and species of Trypanosoma. Cattle had the highest prevalence with Ethiopia and Nigeria leading, T. congolense (11.80-13.40%) and T. vivax (10.50-18.80%) being detected most. This was followed by camels and pigs. Common diagnostic method used was buffy coat microscopy. However; polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CATT and ELISA had higher detection rates. G. pallidipes caused most infections in Eastern regions while G. palpalis followed by G. mortisans in Western Africa. Eastern Africa reported more non-tsetse biting flies with Stomoxys leading. Common risk factors were, body conditions, breed type, age, sex and seasons. Ethiopia and Nigeria had the highest trypanocidal resistance 30.00-35.00% and highest AAT prevalence. Isometamidium and diminazene showed more resistance with T. congolense being most resistant species 11.00-83.00%.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases/parasitology ; Drug Resistance ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Swine Diseases/parasitology ; Trypanosoma ; Trypanosomiasis, African/epidemiology ; Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary ; Tsetse Flies/parasitology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjac018
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Article: Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Agriculture and Food Production Systems in Africa: A Systematic Review.

Mshana, Stephen E / Sindato, Calvin / Matee, Mecky I / Mboera, Leonard E G

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: In Africa, there is dearth of information on antimicrobial use (AMU) in agriculture and food production systems and its consequential resistance in pathogens that affect animal, human and environmental health. Data published between 1980 and 2021 on the ... ...

Abstract	In Africa, there is dearth of information on antimicrobial use (AMU) in agriculture and food production systems and its consequential resistance in pathogens that affect animal, human and environmental health. Data published between 1980 and 2021 on the magnitude of AMU and AMR in agriculture and food productions systems in Africa were reviewed. Data from 13-27 countries in Africa indicate that 3558-4279 tonnes of antimicrobials were used in animals from 2015 to 2019. Tetracyclines and polypeptides contributed the largest proportion of antimicrobials used. Cattle and poultry production account for the largest consumption of antimicrobials in Africa. Although limited studies have reported AMR in crops, fish and beekeeping, AMR from a variety of farm animals has been substantially documented in Africa. Some countries in Africa have developed policies/plans to address AMU and AMR in agriculture and food production systems; however, their enforcement is challenged by weak regulations. In conclusion, although there is limited information on the quantities of antimicrobials used in agriculture and food production system, the levels of AMR are high. There is a need to strengthen regulatory authorities with a capacity to monitor AMU in agriculture and food production systems in Africa.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics10080976
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Article ; Online: Estimating Risk of Introduction of Ebola Virus Disease from the Democratic Republic of Congo to Tanzania: A Qualitative Assessment.

Rugarabamu, Sima / George, Janeth / Mbanzulu, Kennedy M / Mwanyika, Gaspary O / Misinzo, Gerald / Mboera, Leonard E G

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 68–80

Abstract: Between April 2018 and November 2020, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced its 11th Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. Tanzania's cross-border interactions with DRC through regular visitors, traders, and refugees are of concern, given the ... ...

Abstract	Between April 2018 and November 2020, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced its 11th Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. Tanzania's cross-border interactions with DRC through regular visitors, traders, and refugees are of concern, given the potential for further spread to neighboring countries. This study aimed to estimate the risk of introducing EVD to Tanzania from DRC. National data for flights, boats, and car transport schedules from DRC to Tanzania covering the period of May 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed to describe population movement via land, port, and air travel and coupled with available surveillance data to model the risk of EVD entry. The land border crossing was considered the most frequently used means of travel and the most likely pathway of introducing EVD from DRC to Tanzania. High probabilities of introducing EVD from DRC to Tanzania through the assessed pathways were associated with the viability of the pathogen and low detection capacity at the ports of entry. This study provides important information regarding the elements contributing to the risk associated with the introduction of EBV in Tanzania. It also indicates that infected humans arriving via land are the most likely pathway of EBV entry, and therefore, mitigation strategies including land border surveillance should be strengthened.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-3986
ISSN (online)	2673-3986
DOI	10.3390/epidemiologia3010007
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Article ; Online: Patterns and trends of in-hospital mortality due to non-communicable diseases and injuries in Tanzania, 2006-2015.

Mboera, Leonard E G / Kishamawe, Coleman / Rumisha, Susan F / Chiduo, Mercy G / Kimario, Evord / Bwana, Veneranda M

PLOS global public health

2023 Volume 3, Issue 7, Page(s) e0000281

Abstract: Background: Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill about 40 million people annually, with about three-quarters of the deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to determine the patterns, trends, and causes ... ...

Abstract	Background: Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill about 40 million people annually, with about three-quarters of the deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to determine the patterns, trends, and causes of in-hospital non-communicable disease (NCD) and injury deaths in Tanzania from 2006-2015. Methods: This retrospective study involved primary, secondary, tertiary, and specialized hospitals. Death statistics were extracted from inpatient department registers, death registers, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) report forms. The ICD-10 coding system was used to assign each death to its underlying cause. The analysis determined leading causes by age, sex, annual trend and calculate hospital-based mortality rates. Results: Thirty-nine hospitals were involved in this study. A total of 247,976 deaths (all causes) were reported during the 10-year period. Of the total deaths, 67,711 (27.3%) were due to NCD and injuries. The most (53.4%) affected age group was 15-59 years. Cardio-circulatory diseases (31.9%), cancers (18.6%), chronic respiratory diseases (18.4%), and injuries (17.9%) accounted for the largest proportion (86.8%) of NCD and injuries deaths. The overall 10-year hospital-based age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for all NCDs and injuries was 559.9 per 100,000 population. It was higher for males (638.8/100,000) than for females (444.6/100,000). The hospital-based annual ASMR significantly increased from 11.0 in 2006 to 62.8 per 100,000 populations in 2015. Conclusions: There was a substantial increase in hospital-based ASMR due to NCDs and injuries in Tanzania from 2006 to 2015. Most of the deaths affected the productive young adult group. This burden indicates that families, communities, and the nation at large suffer from premature deaths. The government of Tanzania should invest in early detection and timely management of NCDs and injuries to reduce premature deaths. This should go hand-in-hand with continuous efforts to improve the quality of health data and its utilization.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0000281
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Article ; Online: Comparative assessment of the human and animal health surveillance systems in Tanzania: Opportunities for an integrated one health surveillance platform.

Mremi, Irene R / Rumisha, Susan F / Sindato, Calvin / Kimera, Sharadhuli I / Mboera, Leonard E G

Global public health

2022 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 2110921

Abstract: Globally, there have been calls for an integrated zoonotic disease surveillance system. This study aimed to assess human and animal health surveillance systems to identify opportunities for One Health surveillance platform in Tanzania. A desk review of ... ...

Abstract	Globally, there have been calls for an integrated zoonotic disease surveillance system. This study aimed to assess human and animal health surveillance systems to identify opportunities for One Health surveillance platform in Tanzania. A desk review of policies, acts and strategies addressing disease surveillance that support inter-sectoral collaboration was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to key informants from the two sectors. Databases with potential relevance for surveillance were assessed. One Health-focused policies, acts, strategic plans and guidelines emphasising inter-sectoral collaboration strengthening were in place. Stable systems for collecting surveillance data with trained staff to implement surveillance activities at all levels in both sectors were available. While the human surveillance system was a mix of paper-based and web-based, the animal health system was mainly paper-based. The laboratory information system existed in both sectors, though not integrated with the epidemiological surveillance systems. Both the animal and human surveillance systems had low sensitivity to alert outbreaks. The findings indicate that individual, organisational, and infrastructure opportunities that support the integration of surveillance systems from multiple sectors exist. Challenges related to data sharing and quality need to be addressed for the effective implementation of the platform.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; One Health ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Policy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2234129-8
ISSN	1744-1706 ; 1744-1706
ISSN (online)	1744-1706
ISSN	1744-1706
DOI	10.1080/17441692.2022.2110921
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