LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 978

Search options

  1. Book: Circumcision, public health, genital autonomy and cultural rights

    Johnson, Matthew Thomas / O'Branski, Megan

    2014  

    Author's details ed. by Matthew Johnson and Megan O'Branski
    Language English
    Size XIII, 188 S.
    Publisher Routledge
    Publishing place London u.a.
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT017752943
    ISBN 978-0-415-73544-5 ; 0-415-73544-0
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2014 A 1249 available for loan (reading room) Lesesaal EG

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  2. Article: Healthcare Worker Staffing Ratios Affect Methicillin-Resistant

    Johnson, Stephanie Sikavitsas / Mietchen, Matthew Steven / Lofgren, Eric Thomas

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: Importance: This study addresses the pressing clinical question of how variations in physician and nursing staffing levels influence methicillin-resistant : Objective: The main objective is to assess whether variations in staffing ratios and workload ...

    Abstract Importance: This study addresses the pressing clinical question of how variations in physician and nursing staffing levels influence methicillin-resistant
    Objective: The main objective is to assess whether variations in staffing ratios and workload conceptualization significantly alter the rates of MRSA acquisitions in the ICU setting.
    Design: This simulation-based study utilizes stochastic compartmental mathematical modeling to explore the impact of staffing ratios and workload conceptualization on MRSA acquisitions in ICUs. Derived from a previously published model, the analysis involves running year-long stochastic simulations for each scenario 1000 times, varying nurse-to-patient ratios and intensivist staffing levels under infinite and finite workload conceptualizations. Our baseline model was a 3:1 nurse ratio with one intensivist.
    Main outcome: MRSA acquisitions in ICUs, measured as median acquisitions per 1000 person-years.
    Results: Under baseline conditions, our model had a median of 8.2 MRSA acquisitions per 1000 person-years. Varying patient-to-nurse ratios and intensivist numbers showed substantial impacts. For infinite models, a 2:1 nurse ratio resulted in a 21% decrease, while a 1:1 nurse ratio led to a 65% reduction. Finite models demonstrated even larger effects, with a 48% decrease when having a 2:1 ratio, and an 83% reduction with a 1:1 nurse ratio. Reducing patient-to-nurse ratios in finite models increased acquisitions exponentially with a 348% increase for a 6:1 ratio. Intensivist variations had modest impacts.
    Conclusions and relevance: Our study highlights the crucial role of optimizing staffing levels in ICUs for effective MRSA infection control. While intensivist variations have modest effects, bolstering nursing ratios significantly reduces MRSA acquisitions, underscoring the need for tailored staffing strategies, and recognizing the nuanced impact of workload conceptualization. Our findings offer practical insights for refining staffing protocols, emphasizing the dynamic nature of healthcare-associated infection outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.02.14.24302485
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  3. Article ; Online: Examining the ethical underpinnings of universal basic income as a public health policy: prophylaxis, social engineering and 'good' lives.

    Johnson, Matthew Thomas / Johnson, Elliott Aidan

    Journal of medical ethics

    2021  

    Abstract: At a time of COVID-19 pandemic, universal basic income (UBI) has been presented as a potential public health 'upstream intervention'. Research indicates a possible impact on health by reducing poverty, fostering health-promoting behaviour and ... ...

    Abstract At a time of COVID-19 pandemic, universal basic income (UBI) has been presented as a potential public health 'upstream intervention'. Research indicates a possible impact on health by reducing poverty, fostering health-promoting behaviour and ameliorating biopsychosocial pathways to health. This novel case for UBI as a public health measure is starting to receive attention from a range of political positions and organisations. However, discussion of the ethical underpinnings of UBI as a public health policy is sparse. This is depriving policymakers of clear perspectives about the reasons for, restrictions to and potential for the policy's design and implementation. In this article, we note prospective pathways to impact on health in order to assess fit with Rawlsian, capabilities and perfectionist approaches to public health policy. We suggest that Raz' pluralist perfectionist approach may fit most comfortably with the prospective pathways to impact, which has implications for allocation of resources.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194927-5
    ISSN 1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
    ISSN (online) 1473-4257
    ISSN 0306-6800
    DOI 10.1136/medethics-2020-106477
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1163: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  4. Article: Stabilizing transglutaminase 2 in the open conformation results in reactive astrocytes being more neurosupportive.

    Emerson, Jacen / Delgado, Thomas / Hong, Matthew / Keillor, Jeffrey W / Johnson, Gail Vw

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Astrocytes play critical roles in supporting structural and metabolic homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammatory conditions bring about a range of poorly understood, heterogeneous, reactive phenotypes in astrocytes. Finding ways to ... ...

    Abstract Astrocytes play critical roles in supporting structural and metabolic homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammatory conditions bring about a range of poorly understood, heterogeneous, reactive phenotypes in astrocytes. Finding ways to manipulate the phenotype of reactive astrocytes, and leveraging a pro-recovery phenotype, holds promise in treating CNS injury. Previous studies have shown that the protein transglutaminase 2 (TG2) plays a significant role in determining the phenotype of reactive astrocytes. Recently it has been demonstrated that ablation of TG2 from astrocytes improves injury outcomes both
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.04.15.589192
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  5. Article ; Online: Chemically active filaments: analysis and extensions of slender phoretic theory.

    Katsamba, Panayiota / Butler, Matthew D / Koens, Lyndon / Montenegro-Johnson, Thomas D

    Soft matter

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 37, Page(s) 7051–7063

    Abstract: Autophoretic microswimmers self- ... ...

    Abstract Autophoretic microswimmers self-propel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2191476-X
    ISSN 1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
    ISSN (online) 1744-6848
    ISSN 1744-683X
    DOI 10.1039/d2sm00942k
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  6. Article: Congenital Hyperinsulinism: Current Laboratory-Based Approaches to the Genetic Diagnosis of a Heterogeneous Disease.

    Hewat, Thomas I / Johnson, Matthew B / Flanagan, Sarah E

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 873254

    Abstract: Congenital hyperinsulinism is characterised by the inappropriate release of insulin during hypoglycaemia. This potentially life-threatening disorder can occur in isolation, or present as a feature of syndromic disease. Establishing the underlying ... ...

    Abstract Congenital hyperinsulinism is characterised by the inappropriate release of insulin during hypoglycaemia. This potentially life-threatening disorder can occur in isolation, or present as a feature of syndromic disease. Establishing the underlying aetiology of the hyperinsulinism is critical for guiding medical management of this condition especially in children with diazoxide-unresponsive hyperinsulinism where the underlying genetics determines whether focal or diffuse pancreatic disease is present. Disease-causing single nucleotide variants affecting over 30 genes are known to cause persistent hyperinsulinism with mutations in the KATP channel genes (
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Congenital Hyperinsulinism/diagnosis ; Congenital Hyperinsulinism/genetics ; Diazoxide ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; KATP Channels ; Mutation
    Chemical Substances Insulin ; KATP Channels ; Diazoxide (O5CB12L4FN)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.873254
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  7. Article ; Online: Characterizing the trophy hunting debate on Twitter.

    Evans, Luke Christopher / Greenwell, Matthew P / Boult, Victoria L / Johnson, Thomas Frederick

    Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) e14070

    Abstract: Social media is an arena of debate for contentious political and social topics. One conservation topic debated online is the acceptability of trophy hunting, a debate that has implications for national and international policy. We used a mixed-methods ... ...

    Abstract Social media is an arena of debate for contentious political and social topics. One conservation topic debated online is the acceptability of trophy hunting, a debate that has implications for national and international policy. We used a mixed-methods approach (grounded theory and quantitative clustering) to identify themes in the trophy hunting debate on Twitter. We examined commonly co-occurring categories that describe people's stances on trophy hunting. We identified 12 categories and 4 preliminary archetypes opposing trophy hunting-activism, scientific, condemning, and objecting-whose opposition derived from different moral reasoning. Few tweets (22) in our sample of 500 supported trophy hunting, whereas 350 opposed it. The debate was hostile; 7% of tweets in our sample were categorized as abusive. Online debates can be unproductive, and our findings may be important for stakeholders wishing to effectively engage in the trophy hunting debate on Twitter. More generally, we contend that because social media is increasingly influential, it is important to formally contextualize public responses to contentious conservation topics in order to aid communication of conservation evidence and to integrate diverse public perspectives in conservation practice.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Communication ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Hunting ; Social Media ; Animals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 58735-7
    ISSN 1523-1739 ; 0888-8892
    ISSN (online) 1523-1739
    ISSN 0888-8892
    DOI 10.1111/cobi.14070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 4919: Show issues

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  8. Article: Designing a generic, adaptive protocol resource for the measurement of health impact in cash transfer pilot and feasibility studies and trials in high-income countries.

    Johnson, Elliott Aidan / Johnson, Matthew Thomas / Kypridemos, Christodoulos / Villadsen, Aase / Pickett, Kate E

    Pilot and feasibility studies

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 51

    Abstract: Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, upstream interventions that tackle social determinants of health inequalities have never been more important. Evaluations of upstream cash transfer trials have failed to capture comprehensively the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, upstream interventions that tackle social determinants of health inequalities have never been more important. Evaluations of upstream cash transfer trials have failed to capture comprehensively the impacts that such systems might have on population health through inadequate design of the interventions themselves and failure to implement consistent, thorough research measures that can be used in microsimulations to model long-term impact. In this article, we describe the process of developing a generic, adaptive protocol resource to address this issue and the challenges involved in that process. The resource is designed for use in high-income countries (HIC) but draws on examples from a UK context to illustrate means of development and deployment. The resource is capable of further adaptation for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). It has particular application for trials of Universal Basic Income but can be adapted to those covering other kinds of cash transfer and welfare system changes.
    Methods: We outline two types of prospective intervention based on pilots and trials currently under discussion. In developing the remainder of the resource, we establish six key principles, implement a modular approach based on types of measure and their prospective resource intensity, and source (validated where possible) measures and baseline data primarily from routine collection and large, longitudinal cohort studies. Through these measures, we seek to cover all areas of health impact identified in our theoretical model for use in pilot and feasibility studies.
    Results: We find that, in general, self-reported measures alongside routinely collected linked respondent data may provide a feasible means of producing data capable of demonstrating comprehensive health impact. However, we also suggest that, where possible, physiological measures should be included to elucidate underlying biological effects that may not be accurately captured through self-reporting alone and can enable modelling of long-term health outcomes. In addition, accurate self-reported objective income data remains a challenge and requires further development and testing. A process of development and implementation of the resource in pilot and feasibility studies will support assessment of whether or not our proposed health outcome measures are acceptable, feasible and can be used with validity and reliability in the target population.
    Discussion: We suggest that while Open Access evaluation instruments are available and usable to measure most constructs of interest, there remain some areas for which further development is necessary. This includes self-reported wellbeing measures that require paid licences but are used in a range of nationally important longitudinal studies instead of Open Access alternatives.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2809935-7
    ISSN 2055-5784
    ISSN 2055-5784
    DOI 10.1186/s40814-023-01276-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  10. Article ; Online: Designing a generic, adaptive protocol resource for the measurement of health impact in cash transfer pilot and feasibility studies and trials in high-income countries

    Elliott Aidan Johnson / Matthew Thomas Johnson / Christodoulos Kypridemos / Aase Villadsen / Kate E. Pickett

    Pilot and Feasibility Studies, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 17

    Abstract: Abstract Introduction In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, upstream interventions that tackle social determinants of health inequalities have never been more important. Evaluations of upstream cash transfer trials have failed to capture ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Introduction In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, upstream interventions that tackle social determinants of health inequalities have never been more important. Evaluations of upstream cash transfer trials have failed to capture comprehensively the impacts that such systems might have on population health through inadequate design of the interventions themselves and failure to implement consistent, thorough research measures that can be used in microsimulations to model long-term impact. In this article, we describe the process of developing a generic, adaptive protocol resource to address this issue and the challenges involved in that process. The resource is designed for use in high-income countries (HIC) but draws on examples from a UK context to illustrate means of development and deployment. The resource is capable of further adaptation for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). It has particular application for trials of Universal Basic Income but can be adapted to those covering other kinds of cash transfer and welfare system changes. Methods We outline two types of prospective intervention based on pilots and trials currently under discussion. In developing the remainder of the resource, we establish six key principles, implement a modular approach based on types of measure and their prospective resource intensity, and source (validated where possible) measures and baseline data primarily from routine collection and large, longitudinal cohort studies. Through these measures, we seek to cover all areas of health impact identified in our theoretical model for use in pilot and feasibility studies. Results We find that, in general, self-reported measures alongside routinely collected linked respondent data may provide a feasible means of producing data capable of demonstrating comprehensive health impact. However, we also suggest that, where possible, physiological measures should be included to elucidate underlying biological effects that may not be accurately captured through ...
    Keywords Upstream interventions ; Cash transfers ; Universal basic income ; Measures ; Pilots ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

To top