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Article ; Online: Fetomaternal outcome in epilepsy in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital

Rabiya Khursheed / Shaheera Ajaz / Beenish Jeelani / Saima Wani / Abida Ahmed

Journal of the Scientific Society, Vol 48, Iss 1, Pp 21-

2021 Volume 24

Abstract: Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in obstetrics. Pregnancy with epilepsy is associated with increased risk of complications such as preeclampsia, antepartum hemorrhage, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, intrauterine ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in obstetrics. Pregnancy with epilepsy is associated with increased risk of complications such as preeclampsia, antepartum hemorrhage, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm delivery. Aims and Objectives: To study the fetomaternal outcome of pregnancies complicated by epilepsy. Materials and Methods: This was a single center retrospective study conducted over a period of 27 months from March 2017 to June 2019. Maternal variables studied included baseline parameters such as age, parity, and mode of delivery. Other variables studied included duration of epilepsy, seizure during pregnancy, antiepileptic drug usage in pregnancy, and maternal complications. Fetal outcome variables analyzed were number of live birth, stillbirth, birth weight, Apgar score, congenital anomalies, and perinatal complications. Results: Out of 40 patients with epilepsy in pregnancy, 28 were on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during the current pregnancy. The cesarean section rate was 65% in these patients which were higher than in patients without epilepsy. Fourteen patients (35%) delivered vaginally out of which ten were induced. There were six patients who had convulsions four had convulsions in the antepartum period and two had convulsions in the postpartum period. Maternal outcome included gestational hypertension in 6 (15%), postpartum hemorrhage in 1 (2.5%), premature rupture of membranes in 2 (5%), hypothyroidism in 2 (5%), and no maternal death. Prematurity was observed in 10%, low birth weight in 22.5%, and IUGR in 15%. All the neonates received 1 mg of Vitamin K at birth liveborn infants were delivered in 36. Conclusion: There was no maternal mortality in our study. The good maternal outcome is because of early booking, regular antenatal visits and regular intake of folic acid, and appropriate number and dose of AEDs. Epilepsy in pregnancy is a high-risk factor which needs thorough evaluation and care from preconception to ...
Keywords	epilepsy ; fetomaternal outcome ; pregnancy ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: A case for measuring both cellular and cell-free mitochondrial DNA as a disease biomarker in human blood.

Rosa, Hannah S / Ajaz, Saima / Gnudi, Luigi / Malik, Afshan N

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

2020 Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) 12278–12288

Abstract: Circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), widely studied as a disease biomarker, comprises of mtDNA located within mitochondria, indicative of mitochondrial function, and cell-free (cf) mtDNA linked to inflammation. The purpose of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), widely studied as a disease biomarker, comprises of mtDNA located within mitochondria, indicative of mitochondrial function, and cell-free (cf) mtDNA linked to inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the ranges of, and relationship between, cellular and cf mtDNA in human blood. Whole blood from 23 controls (HC) and 20 patients with diabetes was separated into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and serum. Total DNA was isolated and mtDNA copy numbers were determined using absolute quantification. Cellular mtDNA content in PBMCs was higher than in peripheral blood and a surprisingly high level of cf mtDNA was present in serum and plasma of HC, with no direct relationship between cellular and cf mtDNA content within individuals. Diabetes patients had similar levels of cellular mtDNA compared to healthy participants but a significantly higher cf mtDNA content. Furthermore, only in patients with diabetes, we observed a correlation between whole blood and plasma mtDNA levels, indicating that the relationship between cellular and cf mtDNA content is affected by disease status. In conclusion, when evaluating mtDNA in human blood as a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, it is important to measure both cellular and cf mtDNA.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids/blood ; DNA, Mitochondrial/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/physiology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids ; DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639186-2
ISSN	1530-6860 ; 0892-6638
ISSN (online)	1530-6860
ISSN	0892-6638
DOI	10.1096/fj.202000959RR
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Article ; Online: Analysis of Feasibility and Acceptability of an E-Learning Module in Anatomy.

Bhat, Ghulam Mohammad / Bhat, Ishfaq Hussain / Shahdad, Shaheen / Rashid, Saima / Khan, Mudasir Ahmad / Patloo, Ajaz Ahmad

Anatomical sciences education

2021 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 376–391

Abstract: Recent advance in medical education is in correlation with the advances in information technology and thus computer-based learning is being increasingly employed. The objective of the present study was to design and evaluate an e-learning module in ... ...

Abstract	Recent advance in medical education is in correlation with the advances in information technology and thus computer-based learning is being increasingly employed. The objective of the present study was to design and evaluate an e-learning module in anatomy and assess the perceptions of students and faculty about this e-learning module. The participating students were randomized into three groups by block stratified randomization and Google groups were created for each of the three groups. The e-learning module was implemented in three sessions by rotating the three groups. Validated questionnaires were sent to faculty and participating students via Google forms to obtain feedback. The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference among the groups in terms of marks obtained with conventional (F = 2.403, P = 0.103), online (F = 6.050, P = 0.005), and blended (F = 5.801, P = 0.006). Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test, about the gain of knowledge, indicated that the results were insignificant when comparing the conventional group with the online group, but were significant when comparing the blended group with the conventional and online group. The qualitative data regarding the perception of students toward e-learning were analyzed using thematic analysis. The introduction of an interactive e-learning module in anatomy was effective and well received by the students and faculty. The study showed that blended learning has a positive impact on the students' learning by improving cognitive gain and receptive perception for e-learning.
MeSH term(s)	Anatomy/education ; Computer-Assisted Instruction ; Curriculum ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2483491-9
ISSN	1935-9780 ; 1935-9772
ISSN (online)	1935-9780
ISSN	1935-9772
DOI	10.1002/ase.2096
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Article ; Online: Determination of ovarian reserve in different age groups of infertile women

Saima Wani / Shaheera Ajaz / Lubna Rashid / Javid Ahmed / Rabiya Khurshid / Aabida Ahmed

Journal of the Scientific Society, Vol 47, Iss 3, Pp 164-

2020 Volume 167

Abstract: Background: Infertility is a major global issue, and the childbearing potential can be estimated by determining the ovarian reserve. Ovarian reserve is described as a quantity of the ovarian follicles and quality of oocytes. Aims and Objectives: The ... ...

Abstract	Background: Infertility is a major global issue, and the childbearing potential can be estimated by determining the ovarian reserve. Ovarian reserve is described as a quantity of the ovarian follicles and quality of oocytes. Aims and Objectives: The objective of our study was to identify the correlations between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and antral follicle count (AFC) in different age groups of infertile women and to distinguish the most reliable marker for ovarian reserve with the objective of selecting a strategy for initial stages of infertility management. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 101 infertile women were assessed. The study participants were divided into three age groups: 20–29 years, 30–39 years, and >40 years. FSH, LH, AMH, and AFC were done on day 2–3 of menstrual cycle. Results: A total of 101 infertile women were assessed in our study. The mean age of the participants was 33.3 ± 4.37 years and the mean infertility period was 3.36 ± 2.26 years. The mean body mass index was 23.75 ± 2.97 kg/m2. The mean FSH level was 8.18 ± 5.54 and the mean AMH was 1.98 ± 1.0. The mean AFC was 9.29 ± 5.09. There was a statistically significantly elevated negative correlation between age and AMH level (rs = -0.667, P < 0.0001) and AFC (rs = -0.64, P < 0.0001). We observed a statistically significantly positive correlation between age and FSH (rs = 0.569, P < 0.0001). The correlation analysis performed in separate groups showed that AMH and AFC showed a statistically significant positive correlation for Group I (r = 0.953, P < 0.0001), Group II (r = 0.966, P < 0.0001), and Group III (r = 0.865, P < 0.001). A statistically significant negative correlation between FSH/LH and AMH was detected only in Group II (r = -0.661, P < 0.0001) and Group III (r = -0.735, P < 0.003). A statistically significant correlation existed between FSH and AFC in Group II (r = -0.657, P < 0.000), Group III (r = -0.664, P < ...
Keywords	anti-müllerian hormone ; antral follicle count ; follicle-stimulating hormone ; luteinizing hormone ; ovarian reserve ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Measurement of symphysis fundal height for gestational age estimation in low-to-middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Whelan, Rachel / Schaeffer, Lauren / Olson, Ingrid / Folger, Lian V / Alam, Saima / Ajaz, Nayab / Ladhani, Karima / Rosner, Bernard / Wylie, Blair J / Lee, Anne C C

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0272718

Abstract: In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), measurement of symphysis fundal height (SFH) is often the only available method of estimating gestational age (GA) in pregnancy. This systematic review aims to summarize methods of SFH measurement and assess ... ...

Abstract	In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), measurement of symphysis fundal height (SFH) is often the only available method of estimating gestational age (GA) in pregnancy. This systematic review aims to summarize methods of SFH measurement and assess the accuracy of SFH for the purpose of GA estimation. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, POPLINE, and WHO Global Health Libraries from January 1980 through November 2021. For SFH accuracy, we pooled the variance of the mean difference between GA confirmed by ultrasound versus SFH. Of 1,003 studies identified, 37 studies were included. Nineteen different SFH measurement techniques and 13 SFH-to-GA conversion methods were identified. In pooled analysis of five studies (n = 5838 pregnancies), 71% (95% CI: 66-77%) of pregnancies dated by SFH were within ±14 days of ultrasound confirmed dating. Using the 1 cm SFH = 1wk assumption, SFH underestimated GA compared with ultrasound-confirmed GA (mean bias: -14.0 days) with poor accuracy (95% limits of agreement [LOA]: ±42.8 days; n = 3 studies, 2447 pregnancies). Statistical modeling of three serial SFH measurements performed better, but accuracy was still poor (95% LOA ±33 days; n = 4 studies, 4391 pregnancies). In conclusion, there is wide variation in SFH measurement and SFH-to-GA conversion techniques. SFH is inaccurate for estimating GA and should not be used for GA dating. Increasing access to quality ultrasonography early in pregnancy should be prioritized to improve gestational age assessment in LMIC.
MeSH term(s)	Developing Countries ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pubic Symphysis/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods ; Uterus
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0272718
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Article ; Online: Mitochondrial metabolic manipulation by SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with COVID-19.

Ajaz, Saima / McPhail, Mark J / Singh, Keshav K / Mujib, Salma / Trovato, Francesca M / Napoli, Salvatore / Agarwal, Kosh

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

2020 Volume 320, Issue 1, Page(s) C57–C65

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been the primary global health issue since its outbreak in December 2019. Patients with metabolic syndrome suffer from severe complications and a higher mortality rate due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has been the primary global health issue since its outbreak in December 2019. Patients with metabolic syndrome suffer from severe complications and a higher mortality rate due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We recently proposed that SARS-CoV-2 can hijack host mitochondrial function and manipulate metabolic pathways for their own advantage. The aim of the current study was to investigate functional mitochondrial changes in live peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with COVID-19 and to decipher the pathways of substrate utilization in these cells and corresponding changes in the inflammatory pathways. We demonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic alterations with an increase in glycolysis, and high levels of mitokine in PBMCs from patients with COVID-19. Interestingly, we found that levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 mitokine correlate with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. These data suggest that patients with COVID-19 have a compromised mitochondrial function and an energy deficit that is compensated by a metabolic switch to glycolysis. This metabolic manipulation by SARS-CoV-2 triggers an enhanced inflammatory response that contributes to the severity of symptoms in COVID-19. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic pathway(s) can help define novel strategies for COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/blood ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-6 ; fibroblast growth factor 21 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	392098-7
ISSN	1522-1563 ; 0363-6143
ISSN (online)	1522-1563
ISSN	0363-6143
DOI	10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2020
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Article ; Online: Mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanistic biomarker in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Ajaz, Saima / McPhail, Mark J / Gnudi, Luigi / Trovato, Francesca M / Mujib, Salma / Napoli, Salvatore / Carey, Ivana / Agarwal, Kosh

Mitochondrion

2020 Volume 57, Page(s) 119–130

Abstract: Background: Dysfunctional metabolism lies at the centre of the pathogenesis for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and involves mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysmetabolism and oxidative stress. This study, for the first time, explores real- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dysfunctional metabolism lies at the centre of the pathogenesis for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and involves mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysmetabolism and oxidative stress. This study, for the first time, explores real-time energy changes in peripheral blood and corresponding metabolite changes, to investigate whether mitochondria-related immunometabolic biomarkers can predict progression in NAFLD. Methods: Thirty subjects divided into 3 groups were assessed: NAFLD with biopsy-proven mild fibrosis (n = 10), severe fibrosis (n = 10) and healthy controls (HC, n = 10). Mitochondrial functional analysis was performed in a Seahorse XFp analyzer in live peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Global metabolomics quantified a broad range of human plasma metabolites. Mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1(CPS-1), Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC), Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and a range of cytokines in plasma were measured by ELISA. Results: NAFLD patients with severe fibrosis demonstrated reduced maximal respiration (106 ± 25 versus 242 ± 62, p < 0.05) and reserve capacity (56 ± 16 versus 184 ± 42, p = 0.006) compared to mild/moderate fibrosis. Comparing mild/moderate vs severe liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, 14 out of 493 quantified metabolites were significantly changed (p < 0.05). Most of the amino acids modulated were the urea cycle (UC) components which included citrulline/ornithine ratio, arginine and glutamate. Plasma levels of CPS-1 and FGF-21 were significantly higher mild versus severe fibrosis in NAFLD patients. This novel panel generated an area under the ROC of 0.95, sensitivity of 100% and specificity 80% and p = 0.0007 (F1-F2 versus F3-F4). Conclusion: Progression in NAFLD is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in metabolites associated with the urea cycle. We demonstrate a unique panel of mitochondrial-based, signatures which differentiate between stages of NAFLD. Lay summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral cells along with alterations in metabolites of urea cycle act as a sensor of hepatocyte mitochondrial damage. These changes can be measured in blood and together represent a unique panel of biomarkers for progression of fibrosis in NAFLD.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)/blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytokines/blood ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/blood ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolomics/methods ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase/blood ; Up-Regulation ; Urea/blood ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; FGF21 protein, human ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3) ; Urea (8W8T17847W) ; OTC protein, human (EC 2.1.3.3) ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) ; CPS1 protein, human (EC 6.3.4.16) ; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) (EC 6.3.4.16)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2056923-3
ISSN	1872-8278 ; 1567-7249
ISSN (online)	1872-8278
ISSN	1567-7249
DOI	10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.010
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Article ; Online: Accurate measurement of circulating mitochondrial DNA content from human blood samples using real-time quantitative PCR.

Ajaz, Saima / Czajka, Anna / Malik, Afshan

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2015 Volume 1264, Page(s) 117–131

Abstract: We describe a protocol to accurately measure the amount of human mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) in peripheral blood samples which can be modified to quantify MtDNA from other body fluids, human cells, and tissues. This protocol is based on the use of real- ... ...

Abstract	We describe a protocol to accurately measure the amount of human mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) in peripheral blood samples which can be modified to quantify MtDNA from other body fluids, human cells, and tissues. This protocol is based on the use of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to quantify the amount of MtDNA relative to nuclear DNA (designated the Mt/N ratio). In the last decade, there have been increasing numbers of studies describing altered MtDNA or Mt/N in circulation in common nongenetic diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role (for review see Malik and Czajka, Mitochondrion 13:481-492, 2013). These studies are distinct from those looking at genetic mitochondrial disease and are attempting to identify acquired changes in circulating MtDNA content as an indicator of mitochondrial function. However, the methodology being used is not always specific and reproducible. As more than 95 % of the human mitochondrial genome is duplicated in the human nuclear genome, it is important to avoid co-amplification of nuclear pseudogenes. Furthermore, template preparation protocols can also affect the results because of the size and structural differences between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Here we describe how to (1) prepare DNA from blood samples; (2) pretreat the DNA to prevent dilution bias; (3) prepare dilution standards for absolute quantification using the unique primers human mitochondrial genome forward primer (hMitoF3) and human mitochondrial genome reverse primer(hMitoR3) for the mitochondrial genome, and human nuclear genome forward primer (hB2MF1) and human nuclear genome reverse primer (hB2MR1) primers for the human nuclear genome; (4) carry out qPCR for either relative or absolute quantification from test samples; (5) analyze qPCR data; and (6) calculate the sample size to adequately power studies. The protocol presented here is suitable for high-throughput use.
MeSH term(s)	DNA, Mitochondrial/blood ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards ; Reference Standards ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4939-2257-4_12
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Article ; Online: Measurement of symphysis fundal height for gestational age estimation in low-to-middle-income countries

Rachel Whelan / Lauren Schaeffer / Ingrid Olson / Lian V Folger / Saima Alam / Nayab Ajaz / Karima Ladhani / Bernard Rosner / Blair J Wylie / Anne C C Lee

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2022 Volume 0272718

Abstract	In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), measurement of symphysis fundal height (SFH) is often the only available method of estimating gestational age (GA) in pregnancy. This systematic review aims to summarize methods of SFH measurement and assess the accuracy of SFH for the purpose of GA estimation. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, POPLINE, and WHO Global Health Libraries from January 1980 through November 2021. For SFH accuracy, we pooled the variance of the mean difference between GA confirmed by ultrasound versus SFH. Of 1,003 studies identified, 37 studies were included. Nineteen different SFH measurement techniques and 13 SFH-to-GA conversion methods were identified. In pooled analysis of five studies (n = 5838 pregnancies), 71% (95% CI: 66-77%) of pregnancies dated by SFH were within ±14 days of ultrasound confirmed dating. Using the 1 cm SFH = 1wk assumption, SFH underestimated GA compared with ultrasound-confirmed GA (mean bias: -14.0 days) with poor accuracy (95% limits of agreement [LOA]: ±42.8 days; n = 3 studies, 2447 pregnancies). Statistical modeling of three serial SFH measurements performed better, but accuracy was still poor (95% LOA ±33 days; n = 4 studies, 4391 pregnancies). In conclusion, there is wide variation in SFH measurement and SFH-to-GA conversion techniques. SFH is inaccurate for estimating GA and should not be used for GA dating. Increasing access to quality ultrasonography early in pregnancy should be prioritized to improve gestational age assessment in LMIC.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Mitochondrial metabolic manipulation by SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COVID-19 patients

Ajaz, Saima / McPhail, Mark J / Singh, Keshav K / Mujib, Salma / Trovato, Francesca M / Napoli, Salvatore / Agarwal, Kosh

Am. j. physiol. cell physiol

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been the primary global health issue since its outbreak in December 2019. Patients with metabolic syndrome suffer from severe complications and a higher mortality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We recently proposed that SARS- ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has been the primary global health issue since its outbreak in December 2019. Patients with metabolic syndrome suffer from severe complications and a higher mortality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We recently proposed that SARS-CoV-2 can hijack host mitochondrial function and manipulate metabolic pathways for their own advantage. The aim of the current study was to investigate functional mitochondrial changes in live peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients, decipher the pathways of substrate utilization in these cells and corresponding changes in the inflammatory pathways. We demonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic alterations with an increase in glycolysis and high levels of mitokine in PBMCs from COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, we found that levels of FGF-21 mitokine correlate with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. These data suggest that COVID-19 patients have compromised mitochondrial function and an energy deficit which is compensated by a metabolic switch to glycolysis. This metabolic manipulation by SARS-CoV-2 triggers an enhanced inflammatory response which contributes to severity of symptoms in COVID-19. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic pathway(s) can help define novel strategies for COVID-19.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #910381
Database	COVID19

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