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Article ; Online: Trust in science moderates the effects of high/low threat communication on psychological reactance to COVID-19-related public health messages.

Plohl, Nejc / Musil, Bojan

Journal of communication in healthcare

2023 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 401–411

Abstract: Background: As illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, communicating evidence-based health recommendations represents a tremendous challenge; among some recipients, public health messages can cause anger and negative cognitions, also known as ... ...

Abstract	Background: As illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, communicating evidence-based health recommendations represents a tremendous challenge; among some recipients, public health messages can cause anger and negative cognitions, also known as psychological reactance, and consequently lead to negative attitudes and low intentions to perform the promoted behavior. The present study investigated the role of message characteristics (i.e. high vs. low freedom-threat messages), individuals' trust in science (i.e. high vs. low trust in science), and their interaction in determining responses to public health messages. Methods: We conducted an experimental study, in which participants ( Results: We found support for the notion that messages imposing high threat to freedom lead to higher state psychological reactance, and more negative attitudes and behavioral intentions. Moreover, our results showed that trust in science has a main and interaction effect (together with message characteristics) on state reactance, behavioral intentions, and - to a lesser degree - attitudes, in the case of COVID-19, but not physical activity messages. The findings remained the same regardless of controlling for other relevant variables. Conclusions: While our study has some limitations, such as a rather homogeneous sample, a limited number of experimental stimuli, and a relatively artificial experimental environment, it offers some insight into the important role of health communication recipients' trust in science and provides advice on how to communicate health recommendations to skeptics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Public Health ; Trust ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; COVID-19 ; Health Communication/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1753-8076
ISSN (online)	1753-8076
DOI	10.1080/17538068.2023.2279395
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Understanding, Trusting, and Applying Scientific Insights to Improve Your Health: A Latent Profile Analysis Approach.

Plohl, Nejc / Musil, Bojan

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 16

Abstract: Various leading causes of death can be prevented or delayed through informed decision-making and lifestyle changes. Previous work has, to some extent, linked such health-promoting behavior (HPB) with variables capturing individuals' understanding of ... ...

Abstract	Various leading causes of death can be prevented or delayed through informed decision-making and lifestyle changes. Previous work has, to some extent, linked such health-promoting behavior (HPB) with variables capturing individuals' understanding of science, trust in science, and capacity to apply evidence-based information in the health context. However, empirical research on the relationship between scientific knowledge, trust in science, health literacy, and HPB is scarce. Additionally, no study has investigated whether these characteristics interact to form homogeneous, high-risk subgroups of the population. The present online study (
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Literacy ; Humans ; Trust
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19169967
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Article: Measuring young individuals' responses to climate change: validation of the Slovenian versions of the climate anxiety scale and the climate change worry scale.

Plohl, Nejc / Mlakar, Izidor / Musil, Bojan / Smrke, Urška

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1297782

Abstract: Introduction: While increasing awareness of climate change is needed to address this threat to the natural environment and humanity, it may simultaneously negatively impact mental health. Previous studies suggest that climate-specific mental health ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: While increasing awareness of climate change is needed to address this threat to the natural environment and humanity, it may simultaneously negatively impact mental health. Previous studies suggest that climate-specific mental health phenomena, such as climate anxiety and worry, tend to be especially pronounced in youth. To properly understand and address these issues, we need valid measures that can also be used in non-Anglophone samples. Therefore, in the present paper, we aimed to validate Slovenian versions of the Climate Anxiety Scale (CAS) and the Climate Change Worry Scale (CCWS) among Slovenian youth. Method: We conducted an online survey in which 442 young individuals (18-24 years) from Slovenia filled out the two central questionnaires and additional instruments capturing other relevant constructs (e.g., general anxiety, neuroticism, and behavioral engagement). Results: The confirmatory factor analyses results supported the hypothesized factorial structure of the CAS (two factors) and the CCWS (one factor). Both scales also demonstrated great internal reliability. Moreover, the analyses exploring both constructs' nomological networks showed moderate positive associations with similar measures, such as anxiety and stress (convergent validity), and very weak associations with measures they should not be particularly related to, such as narcissism (discriminant validity). Lastly, we found that the CAS and, even more so, the CCWS have unique predictive value in explaining outcomes such as perceived threat, support for climate policies, and behavioral engagement (incremental validity). Discussion: Overall, Slovenian versions of the CAS and the CCWS seem to be valid, reliable, and appropriate for future studies tackling young individuals' responses to climate change. Limitations of the study and areas for future research are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1297782
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Article ; Online: Scoping Review of Technological Solutions for Community Dwelling Older Adults and Implications for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.

Arioz, Umut / Smrke, Urška / Plohl, Nejc / Špes, Tanja / Musil, Bojan / Mlakar, Izidor

Aging and disease

2024

Abstract: Aging in place is not without its challenges, with physical, psychological, social, and economic burdens on caregivers and seniors. To address these challenges and promote active aging, technological advancements offer a range of digital tools, ... ...

Abstract	Aging in place is not without its challenges, with physical, psychological, social, and economic burdens on caregivers and seniors. To address these challenges and promote active aging, technological advancements offer a range of digital tools, applications, and devices, enabling community dwelling older adults to live independently and safely. Despite these opportunities, the acceptance of technology among the older adults remains low, often due to a mismatch between technology development and the actual needs and goals of seniors. The aim of this review is to identify recent technological solutions that monitor the health and well-being of aging adults, particularly within the context of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). A scoping review identified 52 studies that meet specific inclusion criteria. The outcomes were classified based on social connectedness, autonomy, mental health, physical health, and safety. Our review revealed that a predominant majority (82%) of the studies were observational in design and primarily focused on health-related IADLs (59%) and communication-related IADLs (31%). Additionally, the study highlighted the crucial role of involving older adults in study design processes, with only 8 out of the 52 studies incorporating this approach. Our review also established the interview method as the most favoured technology evaluation tool for older adults' studies. The metrics of 'usability' and 'acceptance' emerged as the most frequently employed measures for technology assessment. This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the implications of technological solutions for community dwelling older adults, emphasizing the types of technologies employed and their evaluation results.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2625789-0
ISSN	2152-5250 ; 2152-5250
ISSN (online)	2152-5250
ISSN	2152-5250
DOI	10.14336/AD.2024.0215
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Article: Development and validation of the Work-Home Integration Questionnaire (WHIQ).

Noja, Andrea / Kubicek, Bettina / Plohl, Nejc / Tement, Sara

Applied psychology = Psychologie appliquee

2022 Volume 72, Issue 4, Page(s) 1694–1734

Abstract: The boundaries between work and private life are gradually blurring. More and more employees are involved in work during leisure time through cognitions, emotions or behaviours, in both negative and positive ways. This so-called work-home integration ( ... ...

Abstract	The boundaries between work and private life are gradually blurring. More and more employees are involved in work during leisure time through cognitions, emotions or behaviours, in both negative and positive ways. This so-called work-home integration (WHI) can, on the one hand, hampers the necessary recovery from work and result in strain but, on the other hand, also restores resources and result in beneficial outcomes. In order to enhance our understanding of WHI and capture all its different forms, we suggest a new conceptualisation and measure of WHI. We therefore developed and validated the Work-Home Integration Questionnaire (WHIQ) in English, German and Slovene simultaneously using two cross-sectional studies (Study 1:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1483073-5
ISSN	1464-0597 ; 0269-994X
ISSN (online)	1464-0597
ISSN	0269-994X
DOI	10.1111/apps.12456
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Article: Scoping Review on the Multimodal Classification of Depression and Experimental Study on Existing Multimodal Models.

Arioz, Umut / Smrke, Urška / Plohl, Nejc / Mlakar, Izidor

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 11

Abstract: Depression is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with severe physical disorders, such as cancer, stroke, and coronary diseases. Although it can significantly impact the course of the primary disease, the signs of depression are often underestimated and ... ...

Abstract	Depression is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with severe physical disorders, such as cancer, stroke, and coronary diseases. Although it can significantly impact the course of the primary disease, the signs of depression are often underestimated and overlooked. The aim of this paper was to review algorithms for the automatic, uniform, and multimodal classification of signs of depression from human conversations and to evaluate their accuracy. For the scoping review, the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews were followed. In the scoping review, the search yielded 1095 papers, out of which 20 papers (8.26%) included more than two modalities, and 3 of those papers provided codes. Within the scope of this review, supported vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and long short-term memory network (LSTM; with gated and non-gated recurrent units) models, as well as different combinations of features, were identified as the most widely researched techniques. We tested the models using the DAIC-WOZ dataset (original training dataset) and using the SymptomMedia dataset to further assess their reliability and dependency on the nature of the training datasets. The best performance was obtained by the LSTM with gated recurrent units (F1-score of 0.64 for the DAIC-WOZ dataset). However, with a drop to an F1-score of 0.56 for the SymptomMedia dataset, the method also appears to be the most data-dependent.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12112683
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Article ; Online: Aging Adults' Motivation to Use Embodied Conversational Agents in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: Results of Latent Profile Analysis.

Smrke, Urška / Plohl, Nejc / Mlakar, Izidor

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 4

Abstract: The rapidly increasing share of ageing adults in the population drives the need and interest in assistive technology, as it has the potential to support ageing individuals in living independently and safely. However, technological development rarely ... ...

Abstract	The rapidly increasing share of ageing adults in the population drives the need and interest in assistive technology, as it has the potential to support ageing individuals in living independently and safely. However, technological development rarely reflects how needs, preferences, and interests develop in different ways while ageing. It often follows the strategy of "what is possible" rather than "what is needed" and "what preferred". As part of personalized assistive technology, embodied conversational agents (ECAs) can offer mechanisms to adapt the technological advances with the stakeholders' expectations. The present study explored the motivation among ageing adults regarding technology use in multiple domains of activities of daily living. Participants responded to the questionnaire on the perceived importance of instrumental activities of daily living and acceptance of the idea of using ECAs to support them. Latent profile analysis revealed four profiles regarding the motivation to use ECAs (i.e., a low motivation profile, two selective motivation profiles with an emphasis on physical and psychological well-being, and a high motivation profile). Profiles were compared in terms of their acceptance of ECA usage in various life domains. The results increase the knowledge needed in the development of assistive technology adapted to the expectations of ageing adults.
MeSH term(s)	Activities of Daily Living ; Aging/psychology ; Communication ; Humans ; Motivation ; Self-Help Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19042373
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Article ; Online: Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines: the critical role of trust in science.

Plohl, Nejc / Musil, Bojan

Psychology, health & medicine

2020 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: The coronavirus pandemic is one of the biggest health crises of our time. In response to this global problem, various institutions around the world had soon issued evidence-based prevention guidelines. However, these guidelines, which were designed to ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus pandemic is one of the biggest health crises of our time. In response to this global problem, various institutions around the world had soon issued evidence-based prevention guidelines. However, these guidelines, which were designed to slow the spread of COVID-19 and contribute to public well-being, are (deliberately) disregarded by some individuals. In the present study, we aimed to develop and test a multivariate model that could help us identify individual characteristics that make a person more/less likely to comply with COVID-19 prevention guidelines. A total of 525 attentive participants completed the online survey. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) show that COVID-19 risk perception and trust in science both independently predict compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, while the remaining variables in the model (political conservatism, religious orthodoxy, conspiracy ideation and intellectual curiosity) do so via the mediating role of trust in science. The described model exhibited an acceptable fit (χ
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1477841-5
ISSN	1465-3966 ; 1354-8506
ISSN (online)	1465-3966
ISSN	1354-8506
DOI	10.1080/13548506.2020.1772988
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Article ; Online: Scoping Review on the Multimodal Classification of Depression and Experimental Study on Existing Multimodal Models

Umut Arioz / Urška Smrke / Nejc Plohl / Izidor Mlakar

Diagnostics, Vol 12, Iss 2683, p

2022 Volume 2683

Abstract	Depression is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with severe physical disorders, such as cancer, stroke, and coronary diseases. Although it can significantly impact the course of the primary disease, the signs of depression are often underestimated and overlooked. The aim of this paper was to review algorithms for the automatic, uniform, and multimodal classification of signs of depression from human conversations and to evaluate their accuracy. For the scoping review, the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews were followed. In the scoping review, the search yielded 1095 papers, out of which 20 papers (8.26%) included more than two modalities, and 3 of those papers provided codes. Within the scope of this review, supported vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and long short-term memory network (LSTM; with gated and non-gated recurrent units) models, as well as different combinations of features, were identified as the most widely researched techniques. We tested the models using the DAIC-WOZ dataset (original training dataset) and using the SymptomMedia dataset to further assess their reliability and dependency on the nature of the training datasets. The best performance was obtained by the LSTM with gated recurrent units (F1-score of 0.64 for the DAIC-WOZ dataset). However, with a drop to an F1-score of 0.56 for the SymptomMedia dataset, the method also appears to be the most data-dependent.
Keywords	multimodal depression classification ; scoping review ; artificial intelligence ; real-world data ; mental health ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Aging Adults’ Motivation to Use Embodied Conversational Agents in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

Urška Smrke / Nejc Plohl / Izidor Mlakar

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 2373, p

Results of Latent Profile Analysis

2022 Volume 2373

Abstract	The rapidly increasing share of ageing adults in the population drives the need and interest in assistive technology, as it has the potential to support ageing individuals in living independently and safely. However, technological development rarely reflects how needs, preferences, and interests develop in different ways while ageing. It often follows the strategy of “what is possible” rather than “what is needed” and “what preferred”. As part of personalized assistive technology, embodied conversational agents (ECAs) can offer mechanisms to adapt the technological advances with the stakeholders’ expectations. The present study explored the motivation among ageing adults regarding technology use in multiple domains of activities of daily living. Participants responded to the questionnaire on the perceived importance of instrumental activities of daily living and acceptance of the idea of using ECAs to support them. Latent profile analysis revealed four profiles regarding the motivation to use ECAs (i.e., a low motivation profile, two selective motivation profiles with an emphasis on physical and psychological well-being, and a high motivation profile). Profiles were compared in terms of their acceptance of ECA usage in various life domains. The results increase the knowledge needed in the development of assistive technology adapted to the expectations of ageing adults.
Keywords	instrumental activities of daily living ; embodied conversational agents ; latent profile analysis ; ageing adults ; personalized assistive technology ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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