LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 197

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on C57BL/6J Pups after Cervical Dislocation of Dams.

    Hunter, Courtney L / Yang, Peggy / Renner, Deanna M / Kennedy, Lucy

    Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

    2023  Volume 62, Issue 5, Page(s) 449–452

    Abstract: Inhalant anesthesia is routinely used for cesarian section in many animal species, allowing the safe delivery of neonates and smooth recovery of dams. However, in mice, inhalant anesthesia in cesarean section may be avoided due to fear of negative health ...

    Abstract Inhalant anesthesia is routinely used for cesarian section in many animal species, allowing the safe delivery of neonates and smooth recovery of dams. However, in mice, inhalant anesthesia in cesarean section may be avoided due to fear of negative health effects on retrieved pups. This study compared the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on pups after cervical dislocation of conscious and anesthetized dams. Time-mated C57BL/6J dams were either anesthetized with 5% isoflurane or were conscious during cervical dislocation. Rederived pups were fostered to Swiss Webster dams and weaned at 21 d. Weights of litters were recorded at birth, and individual pup weights were recorded at weaning. We found no significant difference between the two treatment groups in pup survival until weaning. We also found no significant difference when comparing the average weaning weights of all the male pups to that of all the female. Female pups from isoflurane-treated dams had significantly higher weaning weights than did those from unanesthetized dams; however, the weights of male pups from the two groups were not different at weaning. This study found no immediate negative effects of using isoflurane anesthesia prior to cervical dislocation of C57BL/6J pregnant dams for the purpose of rederivation. Isoflurane can be used for cervical dislocation of pregnant C57BL/6J dams without affecting pup survival.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Mice ; Animals ; Male ; Female ; Isoflurane/adverse effects ; Cesarean Section ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Reproduction ; Anesthesia
    Chemical Substances Isoflurane (CYS9AKD70P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2769-6677
    ISSN (online) 2769-6677
    DOI 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: The effect of inherent and incidental constraints on bimanual force control in simulated Martian gravity.

    Wang, Yiyu / Neto, Osmar P / Weinrich, Madison / Abbott, Renee / Diaz-Artiles, Ana / Kennedy, Deanna M

    Human movement science

    2024  Volume 95, Page(s) 103199

    Abstract: The ability to coordinate actions between the limbs is important for many operationally relevant tasks associated with space exploration. A future milestone in space exploration is sending humans to Mars. Therefore, an experiment was designed to examine ... ...

    Abstract The ability to coordinate actions between the limbs is important for many operationally relevant tasks associated with space exploration. A future milestone in space exploration is sending humans to Mars. Therefore, an experiment was designed to examine the influence of inherent and incidental constraints on the stability characteristics associated with the bimanual control of force in simulated Martian gravity. A head-up tilt (HUT)/head-down tilt (HDT) paradigm was used to simulate gravity on Mars (22.3° HUT). Right limb dominant participants (N = 11) were required to rhythmically coordinate patterns of isometric forces in 1:1 in-phase and 1:2 multifrequency patterns by exerting force with their right and left limbs. Lissajous displays were provided to guide task performance. Participants performed 14 twenty-second practice trials at 90° HUT (Earth). Following a 30-min rest period, participants performed 2 test trials for each coordination pattern in both Earth and Mars conditions. Performance during the test trials were compared. Results indicated very effective temporal performance of the goal coordination tasks in both gravity conditions. However, results indicated differences associated with the production of force between Earth and Mars. In general, participants produced less force in simulated Martian gravity than in the Earth condition. In addition, force production was more harmonic in Martian gravity than Earth gravity for both limbs, indicating that less force distortions (adjustments, hesitations, and/or perturbations) occurred in the Mars condition than in the Earth condition. The force coherence analysis indicated significantly higher coherence in the 1:1 task than in the 1:2 task for all force frequency bands, with the highest level of coherence in the 1-4 Hz frequency band for both gravity conditions. High coherence in the 1-4 Hz frequency band is associated with a common neural drive that activates the two arms simultaneously and is consistent with the requirements of the two tasks. The results also support the notion that neural crosstalk stabilizes the performance of the 1:1 in-phase task. In addition, significantly higher coherence in the 8-12 Hz frequency bands were observed for the Earth condition than the Mars condition. Force coherence in the 8-12 Hz bands is associated with the processing of sensorimotor information, suggesting that participants were better at integrating visual, proprioceptive, and/or tactile feedback in Earth than for the Mars condition. Overall, the results indicate less neural interference in Martian gravity; however, participants appear to be more effective at using the Lissajous displays to guide performance under Earth's gravity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 601851-8
    ISSN 1872-7646 ; 0167-9457
    ISSN (online) 1872-7646
    ISSN 0167-9457
    DOI 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103199
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article: The Influence of Altered-Gravity on Bimanual Coordination: Retention and Transfer.

    Diaz-Artiles, Ana / Wang, Yiyu / Davis, Madison M / Abbott, Renee / Keller, Nathan / Kennedy, Deanna M

    Frontiers in physiology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 794705

    Abstract: Many of the activities associated with spaceflight require individuals to coordinate actions between the limbs (e.g., controlling a rover, landing a spacecraft). However, research investigating the influence of gravity on bimanual coordination has been ... ...

    Abstract Many of the activities associated with spaceflight require individuals to coordinate actions between the limbs (e.g., controlling a rover, landing a spacecraft). However, research investigating the influence of gravity on bimanual coordination has been limited. The current experiment was designed to determine an individual's ability to adapt to altered-gravity when performing a complex bimanual force coordination task, and to identify constraints that influence coordination dynamics in altered-gravity. A tilt table was used to simulate gravity on Earth [90° head-up tilt (HUT)] and microgravity [6° head-down tilt (HDT)]. Right limb dominant participants (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2021.794705
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: The effect of inherent and incidental constraints on bimanual and social coordination.

    Wang, Yiyu / Neto, Osmar Pinto / Davis, Madison M / Kennedy, Deanna M

    Experimental brain research

    2021  Volume 239, Issue 7, Page(s) 2089–2105

    Abstract: The current investigation was designed to examine the influence of inherent and incidental constraints on the stability characteristics associated with bimanual and social coordination. Individual participants (N = 9) and pairs of participants (N = 18, 9 ...

    Abstract The current investigation was designed to examine the influence of inherent and incidental constraints on the stability characteristics associated with bimanual and social coordination. Individual participants (N = 9) and pairs of participants (N = 18, 9 pairs) were required to rhythmically coordinate patterns of isometric forces in 1:1 in-phase and 1:2 multi-frequency patterns by exerting force with their right and left limbs. Lissajous information was provided to guide performance. Participants performed 13 practice trials and 1 test trial per pattern. On the test trial, muscle activity from the triceps brachii muscles of each arm was recorded. EMG-EMG coherence between the two EMG signals was calculated using wavelet coherence. The behavioral data indicated that individual participants performed the 1:1 in-phase pattern more accurately and with less variability than paired participants. The EMG coherence analysis indicated significantly higher coherence for individual participants than for the paired participants during the 1:1 in-phase pattern, whereas no differences were observed between groups for the 1:2 coordination pattern. The results of the current investigation support the notion that neural crosstalk can stabilize 1:1 in-phase coordination when contralateral and ipsilateral signals are integrated via the neuromuscular linkage between two effectors.
    MeSH term(s) Arm ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Psychomotor Performance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-30
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1201-4
    ISSN 1432-1106 ; 0014-4819
    ISSN (online) 1432-1106
    ISSN 0014-4819
    DOI 10.1007/s00221-021-06114-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: The influence of distal and proximal muscle activation on neural crosstalk.

    Wang, Yiyu / Neto, Osmar Pinto / Weinrich, Madison M / Castro, Roberto / Wright, Traver / Kennedy, Deanna M

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) e0275997

    Abstract: Previous research has indicated that neural crosstalk is asymmetric, with the dominant effector exerting a stronger influence on the non-dominant effector than vice versa. Recently, it has been hypothesized that this influence is more substantial for ... ...

    Abstract Previous research has indicated that neural crosstalk is asymmetric, with the dominant effector exerting a stronger influence on the non-dominant effector than vice versa. Recently, it has been hypothesized that this influence is more substantial for proximal than distal effectors. The current investigation was designed to determine the effects of distal ((First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI)) and proximal (triceps brachii (TBI)) muscle activation on neural crosstalk. Twelve right-limb dominant participants (mean age = 21.9) were required to rhythmically coordinate a 1:2 pattern of isometric force guided by Lissajous displays. Participants performed 10, 30 s trials with both distal and proximal effectors. Coherence between the two effector groups were calculated using EMG-EMG wavelet coherence. The results indicated that participants could effectively coordinate the goal coordination pattern regardless of the effectors used. However, spatiotemporal performance was more accurate when performing the task with distal than proximal effectors. Force distortion, quantified by harmonicity, indicated that more perturbations occurred in the non-dominant effector than in the dominant effector. The results also indicated significantly lower harmonicity for the non-dominant proximal effector compared to the distal effectors. The current results support the notion that neural crosstalk is asymmetric in nature and is greater for proximal than distal effectors. Additionally, the EMG-EMG coherence results indicated significant neural crosstalk was occurring in the Alpha bands (5-13 Hz), with higher values observed in the proximal condition. Significant coherence in the Alpha bands suggest that the influence of neural crosstalk is occurring at a subcortical level.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Arm/physiology ; Electromyography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0275997
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article ; Online: Bayesian integration during sensorimotor estimation in elite athletes.

    Neto, Osmar Pinto / Curty, Victor / Crespim, Leonardo / Kennedy, Deanna M

    Human movement science

    2021  Volume 81, Page(s) 102895

    Abstract: An experiment was designed to determine the effects of sensory uncertainty on sensorimotor estimation in elite athletes compared to non-athletes. Nineteen elite athletes and 16 non-athletes were required to estimate when and where a cursor arrived at a ... ...

    Abstract An experiment was designed to determine the effects of sensory uncertainty on sensorimotor estimation in elite athletes compared to non-athletes. Nineteen elite athletes and 16 non-athletes were required to estimate when and where a cursor arrived at a target location. The cursor position was displayed through its entire trajectory in the certain condition while only briefly in the uncertain condition. Accuracy and variability in time and spatial domains were calculated. A Bayesian analysis using subsets of subjects' total spatial variance was also performed. The results indicated that athletes and non-athletes used estimation strategies consistent with Bayesian integration. The results also showed a decrease in variability for spatial performance for both groups during the uncertain condition compared to the certain condition, especially when the cursor location was further away from the prior mean. This decrease in variability was significantly greater for non-athletes. By concentrating performance around the end-point mean location, an increase in spatial error occurred. More spatial and timing errors were observed in non-athletes than athletes, indicating athletes were more certain about likelihood information or their interpretation of likelihood information than non-athletes. These results suggest that athletic experience may facilitate the use of probabilistic information for optimal sensorimotor estimations.
    MeSH term(s) Athletes ; Bayes Theorem ; Humans ; Probability ; Psychomotor Performance ; Sports
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 601851-8
    ISSN 1872-7646 ; 0167-9457
    ISSN (online) 1872-7646
    ISSN 0167-9457
    DOI 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102895
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: The influence of accuracy constraints on bimanual and unimanual sequence learning.

    Kennedy, Deanna M / Wang, Chaoyi / Wang, Yiyu / Shea, Charles H

    Neuroscience letters

    2021  Volume 751, Page(s) 135812

    Abstract: An experiment was designed to determine whether accuracy constraints can influence how unimanual and bimanual motor sequences are produced and learned. The accuracy requirements of the task were manipulated using principles derived from Fitts' Law to ... ...

    Abstract An experiment was designed to determine whether accuracy constraints can influence how unimanual and bimanual motor sequences are produced and learned. The accuracy requirements of the task were manipulated using principles derived from Fitts' Law to create relatively low (ID = 3) and high (ID = 5) accuracy demands. Right-limb dominant participants (N = 28, age = 21.9 yrs; 15 females and 13 males) were required to produce unimanual left, unimanual right or bimanual movement sequences using elbow extension and flexion movements to hit a series of illuminated targets. The targets were illuminated in a repeating sequence of 16 elements. Participants performed 20 practice trials. Thirty minutes following the practice trials participants performed a retention test. Element duration (time interval between target hits) and segment harmonicity (hesitations/adjustments in movement pattern) were calculated. The results indicate longer element duration and lower harmonicity values (more adjustments) when the task required higher accuracy demands (ID = 5) compared to low accuracy demands (ID = 3). Element duration was shorter and harmonicity was higher at ID = 5 for both unimanual groups than the bimanual group. However, element duration was shorter and harmonicity was higher at ID = 3 for the bimanual group than for both unimanual groups. These results indicate that the accuracy demands of the task can influence both performance and learning of motor sequences and suggest differences between unimanual and bimanual motor sequence learning. It appears there is a bimanual advantage for tasks with lower accuracy demands whereas performance is more accurate with unimanual performance, regardless of limb, with higher accuracy demands. These results are consistent with recent research indicating that accuracy requirements change the control processes for bimanual performance differently than for unimanual tasks.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Functional Laterality ; Hand/physiology ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; Motor Skills ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-08
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194929-9
    ISSN 1872-7972 ; 0304-3940
    ISSN (online) 1872-7972
    ISSN 0304-3940
    DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135812
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: Response biases: the influence of the contralateral limb and head position.

    Kennedy, Deanna M / Safdari, Sara / Shea, Charles H

    Experimental brain research

    2019  Volume 237, Issue 12, Page(s) 3253–3264

    Abstract: Two experiments were designed to determine response biases resulting from production of force in the contralateral limb and head position. Participants were required to react with one limb while tracking a sinewave template by generating a pattern of ... ...

    Abstract Two experiments were designed to determine response biases resulting from production of force in the contralateral limb and head position. Participants were required to react with one limb while tracking a sinewave template by generating a pattern of force defined by the sinewave with the contralateral limb or watching a cursor move through the sinewave. In Experiment 1, participants had to react with their right or left limb while their head was in a neutral position. In Experiment 2, participants had to react with their left limb while their head was turned 60° to the left or right. A color change of the waveform signaled participants to produce an isometric contraction with the reacting limb. Reaction time was calculated as the time interval between the color change of the waveform and the initiation of the response. The results indicated mean reaction time for the left limb was significantly influenced by force production in the right limb. During left limb reactions, reaction time was faster for trials in which both limbs initiated force simultaneously as compared to trials in which the left limb initiated force while the right limb was producing force. Mean reaction time for the right limb was not influenced by force production in the contralateral limb. The results are consistent with the notion that crosstalk can influence the time required to react to stimuli but this influence occurs at the point of force initiation and is asymmetric in nature with the dominant limb exerting a stronger influence on the non-dominant limb than vice versa. However, we did not find a similar effect for head position via the tonic neck response.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Head/physiology ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Posture/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Upper Extremity/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1201-4
    ISSN 1432-1106 ; 0014-4819
    ISSN (online) 1432-1106
    ISSN 0014-4819
    DOI 10.1007/s00221-019-05667-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: Accessing interpersonal and intrapersonal coordination dynamics.

    Kovacs, Attila J / Wang, Yiyu / Kennedy, Deanna M

    Experimental brain research

    2019  Volume 238, Issue 1, Page(s) 17–27

    Abstract: Both intrapersonal and interpersonal coordination dynamics have traditionally been investigated using relative phase patterns of in-phase (ϕ = 0°) and/or anti-phase (ϕ = 180°). Numerous investigations have demonstrated that coordination tasks that ... ...

    Abstract Both intrapersonal and interpersonal coordination dynamics have traditionally been investigated using relative phase patterns of in-phase (ϕ = 0°) and/or anti-phase (ϕ = 180°). Numerous investigations have demonstrated that coordination tasks that require other relative phase patterns (e.g., 90°) are difficult or near impossible to perform without extended practice. Recent findings, however, have demonstrated that an individual can produce a wide range of intrapersonal bimanual patterns within a few minutes of practice when provided integrated feedback. The present experiment was designed to directly compare intra- and interpersonal coordination performance and variability when provided Lissajous feedback or pacing metronome. Single participants (N = 12) and pairs of participants (N = 24, 12 pairs) were required to produce relative phase patterns between 0° and 180° in 30° increments using either pacing metronomes or Lissajous displays. The Lissajous displays involved a goal template and a cursor providing integrated feedback regarding the position of the two effectors. The results indicated both single and pairs of participants could effectively produce a large range of coordination patterns that typically act as repellers after only 6 min of practice when provided integrated feedback. However, single participants performed the in-phase coordination pattern more accurately and with less variability than paired participants, regardless of the feedback condition. These results suggest an advantage for intrapersonal coordination when performing in-phase coordination, possibly due to the stabilizing effect occurring via the neuro-muscular linkage between effectors.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cooperative Behavior ; Feedback, Psychological/physiology ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-21
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1201-4
    ISSN 1432-1106 ; 0014-4819
    ISSN (online) 1432-1106
    ISSN 0014-4819
    DOI 10.1007/s00221-019-05676-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Modeling the effects of intervention strategies on COVID-19 transmission dynamics.

    Kennedy, Deanna M / Zambrano, Gustavo José / Wang, Yiyu / Neto, Osmar Pinto

    Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

    2020  Volume 128, Page(s) 104440

    Abstract: Objectives: To model the effects of continuous, intermittent, and stepping-down social distancing (SD) strategies and personal protection measures on COVID-19 transmission dynamics.: Methods: Constant, intermittent, and stepping-down SD strategies ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To model the effects of continuous, intermittent, and stepping-down social distancing (SD) strategies and personal protection measures on COVID-19 transmission dynamics.
    Methods: Constant, intermittent, and stepping-down SD strategies were modeled at 4 mean magnitudes (5%, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %), 2 time windows (40-days, 80-days), and 2 levels of personal caution (30 % and 50 %).
    Results: The stepping-down strategy was the best long-term SD strategy to minimize the peak number of active COVID-19 cases and associated deaths. The stepping-down strategy also resulted in a reduction in total time required to SD over a two-year period by 6.5 % compared to an intermittent or constant SD strategy. An 80-day SD time-window was statistically more effective in maintaining control over the COVID-19 pandemic than a 40-day window. However, the results were dependent upon 50 % of people being cautious (engaging in personal protection measures).
    Conclusion: If people exercise caution while in public by protecting themselves (e.g., wearing a facemask, proper hand hygiene and avoid agglomeration) the magnitude and duration of SD necessary to maintain control over the pandemic can be reduced. Our models suggest that the most effective way to reduce SD over a two-year period is a stepping-down approach every 80 days. According to our model, this method would prevent a second peak and the number of intensive care units needed per day would be within the threshold of those currently available.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Physical Distancing ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1446080-4
    ISSN 1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
    ISSN (online) 1873-5967
    ISSN 1386-6532
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104440
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top