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Article ; Online: Effects of Climate and Climate Change on Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases: Ticks Are Different.

Ogden, Nick H / Lindsay, L Robbin

2016 Volume 32, Issue 8, Page(s) 646–656

Abstract: There has been considerable debate as to whether global risk from vector-borne diseases will be impacted by climate change. This has focussed on important mosquito-borne diseases that are transmitted by the vectors from infected to uninfected humans. ... ...

Abstract	There has been considerable debate as to whether global risk from vector-borne diseases will be impacted by climate change. This has focussed on important mosquito-borne diseases that are transmitted by the vectors from infected to uninfected humans. However, this debate has mostly ignored the biological diversity of vectors and vector-borne diseases. Here, we review how climate and climate change may impact those most divergent of arthropod disease vector groups: multivoltine insects and hard-bodied (ixodid) ticks. We contrast features of the life cycles and behaviour of these arthropods, and how weather, climate, and climate change may have very different impacts on the spatiotemporal occurrence and abundance of vectors, and the pathogens they transmit.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Tick-Borne Diseases/parasitology ; Ticks/physiology ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2036227-4
ISSN	1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
ISSN (online)	1471-5007
ISSN	1471-4922
DOI	10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.015
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 Seroprevalence in Canada Modelling Waning and Boosting COVID-19 Immunity in Canada a Canadian Immunization Research Network Study

David W. Dick / Lauren Childs / Zhilan Feng / Jing Li / Gergely Röst / David L. Buckeridge / Nick H. Ogden / Jane M. Heffernan

Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 17, p

2022 Volume 17

Abstract: COVID-19 seroprevalence changes over time, with infection, vaccination, and waning immunity. Seroprevalence estimates are needed to determine when increased COVID-19 vaccination coverage is needed, and when booster doses should be considered, to reduce ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 seroprevalence changes over time, with infection, vaccination, and waning immunity. Seroprevalence estimates are needed to determine when increased COVID-19 vaccination coverage is needed, and when booster doses should be considered, to reduce the spread and disease severity of COVID-19 infection. We use an age-structured model including infection, vaccination and waning immunity to estimate the distribution of immunity to COVID-19 in the Canadian population. This is the first mathematical model to do so. We estimate that 60–80% of the Canadian population has some immunity to COVID-19 by late Summer 2021, depending on specific characteristics of the vaccine and the waning rate of immunity. Models results indicate that increased vaccination uptake in age groups 12–29, and booster doses in age group 50+ are needed to reduce the severity COVID-19 Fall 2021 resurgence.
Keywords	seroprevalence ; COVID-19 ; infectious disease modelling ; mathematical epidmiology ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Defining end user requirements for a field-based molecular detection system for wildlife forensic investigations.

Masters, Alice / Ogden, Rob / Wetton, Jon H / Dawnay, Nick

Forensic science international

2019 Volume 301, Page(s) 231–239

Abstract: The increasing use of non-laboratory-based DNA and protein detection methods promise to provide rapid investigative intelligence and support sample prioritisation. Primarily developed for human forensic or medical applications, current systems may also ... ...

Abstract	The increasing use of non-laboratory-based DNA and protein detection methods promise to provide rapid investigative intelligence and support sample prioritisation. Primarily developed for human forensic or medical applications, current systems may also show utility in the field of wildlife forensic science. However, it is currently unknown whether the requirements of the wildlife forensic community can be met by current non-laboratory based tools. Given the diverse array of stakeholders and sample types commonly encountered, it is necessary to first identify the needs of the community and then try and map their needs to current instrumentation. By using a market research style questionnaire, this study identified key requirements for a non-laboratory-based system following feedback from the wildlife forensic community. Data showed that there is strong support for field-based detection methods while highlighting concerns including contamination risks and reduced quality assurance associated with non-laboratory testing. Key species and applications were identified alongside hurdles to implementation and adoption. Broadly, the requirements align with many of the developmental drivers that have led to the rise of in-field portable detection instrumentation, specifically rapid detection within one hour, ease-of-use, and ≥95% accuracy. Several existing platforms exist that met some of the identified requirements but not all. With further collaboration between industry partners and the wildlife forensic community it is possible that new field-based systems can be developed and applied routinely.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crime ; DNA Fingerprinting/instrumentation ; Endangered Species ; Feedback ; Humans ; Needs Assessment ; Professional Competence ; Species Specificity ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-28
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.041
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Article: COVID-19 Seroprevalence in Canada Modelling Waning and Boosting COVID-19 Immunity in Canada a Canadian Immunization Research Network Study.

Dick, David W / Childs, Lauren / Feng, Zhilan / Li, Jing / Röst, Gergely / Buckeridge, David L / Ogden, Nick H / Heffernan, Jane M

Vaccines

2021 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract	COVID-19 seroprevalence changes over time, with infection, vaccination, and waning immunity. Seroprevalence estimates are needed to determine when increased COVID-19 vaccination coverage is needed, and when booster doses should be considered, to reduce the spread and disease severity of COVID-19 infection. We use an age-structured model including infection, vaccination and waning immunity to estimate the distribution of immunity to COVID-19 in the Canadian population. This is the first mathematical model to do so. We estimate that 60-80% of the Canadian population has some immunity to COVID-19 by late Summer 2021, depending on specific characteristics of the vaccine and the waning rate of immunity. Models results indicate that increased vaccination uptake in age groups 12-29, and booster doses in age group 50+ are needed to reduce the severity COVID-19 Fall 2021 resurgence.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines10010017
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Article ; Online: Bird Species Involved in West Nile Virus Epidemiological Cycle in Southern Québec.

Taieb, Ludivine / Ludwig, Antoinette / Ogden, Nick H / Lindsay, Robbin L / Iranpour, Mahmood / Gagnon, Carl A / Bicout, Dominique J

International journal of environmental research and public health

2020 Volume 17, Issue 12

Abstract: Despite many studies on West Nile Virus (WNV) in the US, including the reservoir role of bird species and the summer shifts of ... ...

Abstract	Despite many studies on West Nile Virus (WNV) in the US, including the reservoir role of bird species and the summer shifts of the
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology ; Birds/parasitology ; Canada ; Culex ; Mosquito Vectors ; Quebec/epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Species Specificity ; West Nile Fever/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/transmission ; West Nile Fever/veterinary ; West Nile virus
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph17124517
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Article: Effects of Climate and Climate Change on Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases: Ticks Are Different

Ogden, Nick H / L. Robbin Lindsay

Trends in parasitology. 2016 Aug., v. 32, no. 8

2016

Abstract	There has been considerable debate as to whether global risk from vector-borne diseases will be impacted by climate change. This has focussed on important mosquito-borne diseases that are transmitted by the vectors from infected to uninfected humans. However, this debate has mostly ignored the biological diversity of vectors and vector-borne diseases. Here, we review how climate and climate change may impact those most divergent of arthropod disease vector groups: multivoltine insects and hard-bodied (ixodid) ticks. We contrast features of the life cycles and behaviour of these arthropods, and how weather, climate, and climate change may have very different impacts on the spatiotemporal occurrence and abundance of vectors, and the pathogens they transmit.
Keywords	biodiversity ; climate ; climate change ; disease vectors ; humans ; insects ; mosquito-borne diseases ; multivoltine habit ; pathogens ; risk ; ticks ; weather
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-08
Size	p. 646-656.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2036227-4
ISSN	1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
ISSN (online)	1471-5007
ISSN	1471-4922
DOI	10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.015
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Methods to Prevent Tick Bites and Lyme Disease.

Ogden, Nick H / Lindsay, L Robbin / Schofield, Steven W

Clinics in laboratory medicine

2015 Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 883–899

Abstract: Current approaches for prevention of tick bites, Lyme disease, and other tick-borne diseases are described. Particular attention is paid to 4 risk-reduction strategies: (i) avoiding risk areas; (ii) personal protective measures that reduce the risk of ... ...

Abstract	Current approaches for prevention of tick bites, Lyme disease, and other tick-borne diseases are described. Particular attention is paid to 4 risk-reduction strategies: (i) avoiding risk areas; (ii) personal protective measures that reduce the risk of tick bites or transmission of the agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi; (iii) reducing the number of infected ticks in the environment; and (iv) use of prophylactic antibiotic treatments following a bite to prevent clinical Lyme disease.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Humans ; Lyme Disease/prevention & control ; Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Tick Bites/prevention & control ; Ticks ; Vaccination
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604580-7
ISSN	1557-9832 ; 0272-2712
ISSN (online)	1557-9832
ISSN	0272-2712
DOI	10.1016/j.cll.2015.07.003
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Article: Defining end user requirements for a field-based molecular detection system for wildlife forensic investigations

Masters, Alice / Ogden, Rob / Wetton, Jon H / Dawnay, Nick

Forensic science international. 2019 Aug., v. 301

2019

Abstract	The increasing use of non-laboratory-based DNA and protein detection methods promise to provide rapid investigative intelligence and support sample prioritisation. Primarily developed for human forensic or medical applications, current systems may also show utility in the field of wildlife forensic science. However, it is currently unknown whether the requirements of the wildlife forensic community can be met by current non-laboratory based tools. Given the diverse array of stakeholders and sample types commonly encountered, it is necessary to first identify the needs of the community and then try and map their needs to current instrumentation. By using a market research style questionnaire, this study identified key requirements for a non-laboratory-based system following feedback from the wildlife forensic community. Data showed that there is strong support for field-based detection methods while highlighting concerns including contamination risks and reduced quality assurance associated with non-laboratory testing. Key species and applications were identified alongside hurdles to implementation and adoption. Broadly, the requirements align with many of the developmental drivers that have led to the rise of in-field portable detection instrumentation, specifically rapid detection within one hour, ease-of-use, and ≥95% accuracy. Several existing platforms exist that met some of the identified requirements but not all. With further collaboration between industry partners and the wildlife forensic community it is possible that new field-based systems can be developed and applied routinely.
Keywords	DNA ; forensic sciences ; humans ; industry ; instrumentation ; market analysis ; prioritization ; quality control ; questionnaires ; rapid methods ; risk ; stakeholders ; wildlife
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-08
Size	p. 231-239.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.041
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Changing geographic ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogens: drivers, mechanisms and consequences for pathogen diversity.

Ogden, Nick H / Mechai, Samir / Margos, Gabriele

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2013 Volume 3, Page(s) 46

Abstract: The geographic ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are changing due to global and local environmental (including climatic) changes. In this review we explore current knowledge of the drivers for changes in the ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogen ...

Abstract	The geographic ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are changing due to global and local environmental (including climatic) changes. In this review we explore current knowledge of the drivers for changes in the ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogen species and strains via effects on their basic reproduction number (R 0), and the mechanisms of dispersal that allow ticks and tick-borne pathogens to invade suitable environments. Using the expanding geographic distribution of the vectors and agent of Lyme disease as an example we then investigate what could be expected of the diversity of tick-borne pathogens during the process of range expansion, and compare this with what is currently being observed. Lastly we explore how historic population and range expansions and contractions could be reflected in the phylogeography of ticks and tick-borne pathogens seen in recent years, and conclude that combined study of currently changing tick and tick-borne pathogen ranges and diversity, with phylogeographic analysis, may help us better predict future patterns of invasion and diversity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arthropod Vectors/classification ; Arthropod Vectors/growth & development ; Basic Reproduction Number ; Humans ; Phylogeography ; Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology ; Tick-Borne Diseases/transmission ; Ticks/classification ; Ticks/growth & development
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-08-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2013.00046
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: School and community reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mathematical modelling study.

Yuan, Pei / Aruffo, Elena / Gatov, Evgenia / Tan, Yi / Li, Qi / Ogden, Nick / Collier, Sarah / Nasri, Bouchra / Moyles, Iain / Zhu, Huaiping

Royal Society open science

2022 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 211883

Abstract: Operating schools safely during the COVID-19 pandemic requires a balance between health risks and the need for in-person learning. Using demographic and epidemiological data between 31 July and 23 November 2020 from Toronto, Canada, we developed a ... ...

Abstract	Operating schools safely during the COVID-19 pandemic requires a balance between health risks and the need for in-person learning. Using demographic and epidemiological data between 31 July and 23 November 2020 from Toronto, Canada, we developed a compartmental transmission model with age, household and setting structure to study the impact of schools reopening in September 2020. The model simulates transmission in the home, community and schools, accounting for differences in infectiousness between adults and children, and accounting for work-from-home and virtual learning. While we found a slight increase in infections among adults (2.2%) and children (4.5%) within the first eight weeks of school reopening, transmission in schools was not the key driver of the virus resurgence in autumn 2020. Rather, it was community spread that determined the outbreak trajectory, primarily due to increases in contact rates among adults in the community after school reopening. Analyses of cross-infection among households, communities and schools revealed that home transmission is crucial for epidemic progression and safely operating schools, while the degree of in-person attendance has a larger impact than other control measures in schools. This study suggests that safe school reopening requires the strict maintenance of public health measures in the community.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.211883
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